Imatges de pàgina
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Oblations. In Herrick's Fairy Land (Clarke's edit., London, 1844, vol. ii. p. 73.) occur the following lines :

"They have their book of homilies;
And other scriptures, that design
A short but righteous discipline.
The bason stands the board upon
To take the free oblation;
A little pindust which they hold
More precious than we prize our gold.
Which charity they give to many
Poor of the parish, if there's any."

The use of the word "oblation," for alms offered for the poor, is curious. Does it occur in this sense in other writers of the seventeenth century? W. E.

Eiebreis. - Sandys (Travels, pp. 67, 68.) says: "Into the same hue do they dy their eiebreis and eye-browes," &c.

Eiebreis appears to mean eyelashes. Is the word found in any dictionary, and what is its derivation? In Halliwell I find "eye-brekes eyelids," North. Also "eye-breen=eyebrows," Lanc. INTEGER.

Huguenots in Ireland. - I am very anxious to obtain information relative to the settlement of Huguenots in different parts of Ireland. Can any of your numerous correspondents direct me to MSS. or printed works which furnish materials in extenso, or incidental, and which throw light on this eventful movement? CLERICUS (D.)

The Duchesse de Chevreuse swimming across the Thames. - Allow me to inquire if any reader of "N. & Q." can refer me to some account of this feat, performed by the Duchess of Chevreuse, and celebrated by Sir John Mennis in his Musarum Delicia, Lond. 1656, pages 49 and 50. Her hus

band, the Duke of Chevreuse, was ambassador extraordinary from Louis XIII., to be present at the solemnisation of the marriage of Charles I. with Henrietta Maria, on May 13, 1625; and he was elected K.G. July 4, and installed Dec. 13, 1625. The Duchess was a great favourite with Charles I.'s queen, and was present when Prince Charles was inaugurated K.G. in 1638, and the queen and the duchess were the only persons allowed to be seated while the election of the young prince was proceeding. (Parentalia of Sir C. Wren.) She had while in France rendered herself obnoxious to the hatred of Richelieu, and the sanguinary cardinal had despatched his guards to arrest her, when, finding herself very closely pursued, she crossed the river Somme à la nagę, and escaped to Calais and England: but what induced her to swim across the Thames does not appear. She was very beautiful, and was a woman of most licentious gallantry. Her greatest favourite in England was the first Duke of Buckingham (the favourite of James I.), who was assassinated by Felton in 1628. Much may be seen concerning this lady in Mémoires du Cardinal de Retz, Mémoires de Guy Joli et Mme. la Duchesse de Nemours, Finetti Philoxenis, &c.

Φ.

The Duke of Chevreuse died in 1657; the Duchess in 1679, aged seventy-nine years. Richmond, Surrey.

"Hardened and Annealed." - Can any of your correspondents inform me whence the annexed quotation is taken; it occurs in the Rev. C. J. Abraham's Lenten Lectures, lect. xv. :

"Like as an earthly parent sends us out into the world by degrees to be hardened and annealed, while on the stithy grows the steel." "

Н. Т.

Cawarden Family. -I should feel greatly obliged to any of your readers who would refer me to pedigrees (MS. or printed) of the Cawarden or Carwardine family of Herefordshire. С. К. Р. Newport, Essex.

The Dutch East-India Company. The common source of information on the early voyages of the Dutch East-India Company is the work entitled Recueil des voiages qui ont servi à l'établissement et aux progrès de la compagnie des Indes Orientales, formée dans les Provinces-Unies des Païs-Bas, which was edited by Constantin de Renneville, and printed at Amsterdam in 1702, 1725, &c.

On an examination of the Begin ende voortgangh van de vereenhigde Nederlantsche geoctroyeer de Oost-Indische Compagnie, 1646, oblong folio, two volumes, it proves to be the original of the French work-a circumstance which seems to have escaped all our bibliographers.

* Charles II., then eight years old.

The imprint of the Dutch work is merely Gedruckt in den Jaere 1646. Under what sanction was it produced? By whom was it edited ? Where was it printed? These are important questions with regard to all historical works; and which, in this instance, I can nowhere find answered. The volumes appear in the Bibliotheca exquitissima of Pierre Vander Aa, which was published at Leyden in 1729, but the catalogue affords no information beyond the title of the work. It could not have been a surreptitious publication, as it contains about 220 plates.

Doubtless the editor of the Dutch work availed himself of the folio narratives which were edited by Girard de Veer, G.-M. - A.-W.-L. and others, and printed at Amsterdam by Cornille Nicolas; but I conceive he had also access to official documents. BOLTON CORNEY.

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Derivation of "Huguenot."-What is the deri

Church Bells. - I have seen it stated that Frater Johannes Drabicius, in his book De Calo et Ca-vation of the term Huguenot; and has the follow

lesti Statû, printed at Mentz in 1718, employs 425 pages to prove that the employment of the blest in heaven will be in the continual ringing of bells. Is this a fact? and can any of your readers give any information respecting the book and its

writer?

E. A. H. L.

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ing circumstance any bearing on it?

In the Vita S. Irenæi, Op., ed. Lutet. (Paris), 1675, in describing the infamous desecration of him who was the great assailant of the Gnostic heresies, the writer says:

"Qui Gnosticos represserat, ejus reliquiæ HuGnosticorum cruentatas jam pridem sanguine bonorum ac barbaras manus, effugere non potuerunt." And this term Hu-Gnostici is deliberately retained in the notes through the edition above named.

M. A.

[An interesting article on the derivation of Huguenot will be found in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana, vol. xx. p. 381. Pasquier, in his Recherches de la France, vol. viii. p. 53., has an entire chapter on the origin of the name.]

Rev. Peter Layng. -I have a quarto volume entitled Several Pieces in Prose and Verse, by Mr. Layng, 1748. It is marked rare, and priced highly by Lowndes and others. There is also, in the British Museum, a pamphlet entitled The Judgment of Hercules, &c., by Rev. Peter Layng, 4to.: Eton, 1748; but I have in vain sought there and elsewhere for a curious satirical poem by the same author, called The Rod. Can any of your correspondents inform me where this may be seen, and also communicate some particulars of its author? He was M.A. and rector of Everton, Northamptonshire.

E. D.

[The Rod, a Poem, 4to., Oxford, 1754, is in the Douce Collection. In the catalogue it is attributed to the Rev. Henry Layng, of New College, Oxford. There appears to have been another Henry Layng, of Balliol College, and rector of Paulerspury in Northamptonshire, who flourished about this time, and projected a translation of Tasso, and translated a part of Homer for Pope. Consult Baker's Northamptonshire, vol. ii. part v. p. 205., and Gent. Mag., vol. lxiii. pp. 292. 392. The Rev. Peter Layng was Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. See an epigram on him in Cole's MSS., vol. xxxi. p. 131.]

Coventry. Whence the origin of the expression of "Putting one in Coventry?" A friend informs me he has always understood that it took its rise thus: If a soldier was found to be a coward he was sent to Coventry, as being a central town of England, and a place where he was least likely to be exposed to the terrors of an unfriendly army. Is it even so? or is it derived from the French word couvent, a convent, which seems to me more apposite, as signifying seclusion from the rest of mankind? WM. W.

Islington.

[The best explanation of this expression is that given in The Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xv. part ii. p. 168. "The inhabitants of Coventry were formerly most decidedly averse from any correspondence with the military quartered within their limits. A female known to speak to a man in a scarlet coat became directly the object of town scandal. So rigidly indeed did the natives abstain from communication with all who bore his Majesty's military commission, that officers were here confined to the interchanges of the mess-room; and in the mess-room the term of 'sending a man to Coventry,' if you wish to shut him from society, probably originated."]

Bonnyclubber. - Strafford, writing to Lord Cottington in 1635, highly extols this drink:

"It is the bravest, freshest drink you ever tasted. Your Spanish Don would, in the heats of Madrid, hang his nose and shake his beard an hour over every sup he took of it, and take it to be the drink of the gods all the while." - Lord Strafford's Letters, vol. i. p. 441.

"We scorn, for want of talk, to jabber
Of parties o'er our Bonnyclabber."

The Intelligencer, No. 8.: Lond. 1730.

Of what was this drink composed?

MARICONDA.

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year 1710, by Francis Bassano, a herald painter of Derby, which we purchased some years since, with a collection of Cheshire MSS., and which it is our intention to deposit in the Heralds' College."]

Degradation from Holy Orders. - Is there any instance in the Church of England, since the Reformation, of a priest having been degraded or deposed from his orders? What ceremony has been or would be used in such a case? The thirty-eighth Canon provides such a deposition, as a final punishment for "revolting after subscription." W. FRASER.

[Dr. Alexander Leighton, author of Zion's Plea, was degraded in the High Commission Court, Nov. 9, 1630. See Rushworth's Hist. Collect., vol. i. part ii. pp. 56, 57.; and An Epitome or Briefe Discoverie of the Great Troubles of Dr. Leighton, p. 82. 4to. 1646. For the various forms of deprivation of clergy, consult Gibson's Codex, PP. 1068. and 1443.]

The Duc de Normandie, who pretended to be the Dauphin, son of Louis XVI. He resided in England for some time, and died at Delft in 1845. Is there any account of his life to be met with? W. H. HART.

New Cross, Hatcham.

[See Biographie de Louis-Charles de France, ex-Duc de Normandie, Fils de Louis XVI., connu sous le Nom de L'ex-Baron de Richemont. Tirée des Mémoires d'un

contemporain, qui se trouvent Rue Neuve-Saint-Merri 35, 12mo., Paris, 1848, pp. 24. Consult also "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., pp. 149. 195.]

Replies.

LEGEND OF SIR RICHARD BAKER.

(Vol. ii., p. 67.)

I do not know whether you may think it worth while to refer now to any thing which appeared so long ago as in your 35th Number; but should you be so disposed, you have it in your power to correct some very extraordinary errors committed by your correspondents. I allude to the article at p. 67., headed "Folk Lore," and purporting to give an account of what the writer saw and heard in Cranbrook Church with regard to Sir Richard Baker and his monument.

There does not appear to have been any memorial whatever of the Bakers in Cranbrook Church before the year 1736, when a cumbrous but costly monument was erected in the south aisle by John Baker Dowel, a descendant. The position of this monument was found to be so inconvenient, that some few years ago it was removed to the south chancel, where it at present stands. And now for your correspondent F. L. She says, she saw suspended over his tomb, the gauntlet, gloves, helmet, spurs, &c. of the deceased; and what particularly attracted her attention was,

that the gloves were red. These red gloves are made the foundation of a very pretty story, which is said to be well known at Cranbrook as a tradition. Perhaps you will scarcely believe me, when I say that the whole of this is a pure fiction. There are not, nor ever were there, any gauntlet, gloves, or other monumental insignia of any kind, suspended over Baker's monument, nor even within sight of it. The banners, helmets, gauntlets, shields, swords, &c., which are the only things of the kind that F. L. could have seen, are in another chancel, and all belong to the ancient family of Roberts of Glassenbury in Cranbrook; as the crest on the helmets, and the blazon on the shields and tabard, undeniably prove.

Having restored to their rightful owner these red gloves-which, by-the-bye, are more brown than red-let us go to the tradition. The story is wholly unknown in Cranbrook, and I do not believe that F. L. could have heard it there. The only traditional story, which I can discover, relating to the Bakers is this : - Sir John Baker, who was Chancellor of the Exchequer and Privy Counsellor to Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, is said to have rendered himself very obnoxious in consequence of the very prominent part he took in oppressing the followers of the Reformed religion. He, it is said, had procured an order for the burning two culprits, and would have certainly carried the order into execution but that the death of the queen disappointed his intentions. It is said that the news of the queen's death reached him at a spot where three roads met, and which is now known by the name of Baker's Cross. Whether there be any truth in this legend, I cannot say; but most probably he obtained the name of Bloody Baker as being the known enemy of the Reformers, and in the same way as his royal mistress obtained the name of Bloody Mary. F. B-w.

"THE GOOD OLD CAUSE."
(Vol. vi., pp. 74. 180.)

After the death of Cromwell, the Rump Parliament having been restored by

"The Colonels of the democratical faction, presently declare the secret and mystery of the government, which, with no less vanity than impudence, they stiled The Good Old Cause." - Hist. of the Composing the Affairs of England, p. 5. by Thos. Skinner, M.D.: London, 1685.

"Liberty, Conscience, A glorious Nation, The Good Old Cause, and such specious names are made use of• Nec quisquam alienum servitium et dominationem concupivit, ut non eadem ista vocabula usurparit.'Tacit. I lately set forth a lively pattern of the Spurious Old Cause pretended to be revived and vindicated by the fine epageant or now-sitting ghost of

...

the long-since departed Long Parliament." - Mola Asinaria, by Mr. Saml. Butler, printed privately anno 1659, reprinted anno 1715.

"He lived and died a Colonel,
And for The Good Old Cause stood buff,
'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff."

Hudibras's Epitaph.

In a book which professes to be The Third and Last Volume of Posthumous Works, written by Mr. Samuel Butler: London, printed for Sam. Briscoe, 1717, 32mo., we find the following:

"A Coffin for The Good Old Cause; or, A Sober Word by way of Caution to the Parliament and Army, or such in both as have prayed, fought, and bled for their Preservation. Written by Sir Samuel Luke; printed in the year 1660."

In an admirable series of papers which appeared weekly, Lond., 1717 and 1718, occurs the following passage, the writer treating of the 29th of May:

"A day that not only restored our laws and rightful monarch, but rung the knell of a wild democracy, and delivered us from a mechanic ministry of Jereboam's Calves: a promiscuous Rout of Coblers, Weavers, and Tinkers, the refuse of Shop-boards, Looms, and Woolcombers, that had set up a Church Militant of Booted Apostles; that had rifled the Ecclesiastical Revenues, and could alternately Preach and Fight, and blasphemously call upon God to sanctify the greatest Rebellion and the grossest Rogueries that ever the Sun beheld. Yet these Priests of Baal had so poisoned the minds of the populace with such delusive Enchantments that from Rings, Bodkins, and Thimbles, like the Israelitish Calf of old, would start up a troop of horse to reinforce the Saints; who would plunder und pray, cut throats and sequester, in the name of God and The Good Old Cause." - Р. 201.

"The subtil Presbyter. covers the hardest villanies with the softest names: Perjury with him is meritorious, if it advances The Old Cause; and murder an accomplishment, if the Work of the Covenant be concerned." - The Scourge: London, 1720, p. 268. JARLTZBERG.

PHOTOGRAPHY APPLIED TO ARCHEOLOGY, AND PRACTISED IN THE OPEN AIR.

(Continued from pp. 278. 296.)

The prepared glass having been exposed for the proper period to the action of the light, the next step is to develop the latent picture. The hands being now inserted through the loose sleeves of the camera, the picture is to be held horizontally in the left hand, and the developing fluid before described, consisting either of the pyrogallic acid solution alone, or in combination with the protonitrate of iron, should be immediately applied. In the case of the lens being a slow-acting one, the collodion often becomes nearly dry during the period it has been removed from the bath; and it is very difficult to cause the free flow of any liquid upon it, and consequently the picture becomes stained. This may be remedied by previously immersing the glass again into the bath, and immediately removing it. This is, however, attended with delay, and with increased risk of disturbing the fine collodion film.

It has been recommended to take the picture by using a bath made of plate glass for the nitrate of silver, and then placing the bath, with the prepared collodion glass in it, so that the latter is in the exact focus of the lens; the bath being so adapted, that the prepared collodion glass will stand exactly on the spot on which the image had been previously ascertained on the ground glass. For large pictures this use of the bath may be desirable, but it possesses no advantages for pictures of the ordinary size; and I believe the light is much slower in its action on the collodion plate than when such plate is not so immersed.

After the application of the developing fluid, the image sometimes starts out immediately; at other times, two or three minutes may elapse before it fully takes place: and at this period of the operation, it requires some little practice to know to what extent to allow the chemical action to proceed. This can always be readily ascertained when the manipulator has the opportunity of removing the plate to an open room, by holding a piece of white paper below the picture, because all positives on glass become negatives when seen through.

The image being perfectly produced, the hyposulphate of soda solution should now be applied, which will remove the iodide of silver entirely from all parts which have not been acted upon by the rays of light: and it becomes safe to expose the plate to the open atmosphere, to freely wash it, which, if properly done, renders the picture quite permanent. Up to the final period of the operation no washing is requisite: it prevents rather than assists in the necessary chemical action.

In out-door excursions it is well to have a box adapted so as to pack in the interior space of the camera, formed with groves similar to microscopic slide boxes, into which the pictures may be placed after being taken; and these at leisure may be well protected with a transparent varnish, or painted over with a soft brush with black lacquer. After this, they may be backed with a piece of common black velvet, which forms a perfectly durable protection from any injury. Any of the ordinary transparent varnishes may be used for the negatives, when time is not an object; but from such varnishes remaining frequently a long time without becoming hard, I have destroyed many pictures, by too suddenly using them when the surface has appeared hard; and I therefore recommend the following varnish, which possesses every requisite. It flows over the picture

most readily, and must be used as the collodion

was:

Powder two drachms of amber, and macerate it in two ounces of chloroform for two or three days; shake it often, and filter off for use through thin blotting-paper. The chloroform dissolves a hard resin from the amber, leaving its bituminous components untouched. This varnish, when well made, very greatly improves all collodion pictures, as it forms on them a delicate coating almost as hard as the glass itself, which effectually protects the picture from all future danger.

Another varnish may be made by macerating the common amber of commerce in naphtha or benzole. It does not dry so rapidly as the preceding, and has some colour; but where large surfaces are to be covered it is, from its comparative cheapness, a desirable coating, as it forms a perfect protection to the picture.

Postponing for the present any directions for the paper process, or for printing on paper from glass negatives, and trusting that the directions I have already given have been sufficiently explicit, I would again caution the operator to be very careful in observing the greatest cleanliness. The whole process being a series of chemical decompositions, any of the fluids having accidentally come in contact with the others, that decomposition must necessarily have taken place to some degree, which, to be successful, ought only to occur at the moment of operation.

The hyposulphate of soda being the agent for fixing the picture, which it does by destroying all the iodide, is the one to be especially guarded against, as the slightest intermixture of it with the other chemicals will infallibly spoil them.

In the after washing of the pictures, if the hyposulphate of soda is not thoroughly removed, the collodion becomes rotten, and the pictures are soon destroyed by its action. There is no fear of using too much water in washing the picture, so long as it is poured on to the centre of it, and not allowed to wash between the collodion and the glass, by which the film is often torn and removed. HUGH W. DIAMOND.

(To be continued.)

CURIOUS MISTRANSLATION, ETC.

(Vol. vi., p. 51.)

My own cursory reading would enable me to compile a small volume of such blunders; but confining myself to a very few, I shall adduce the following, because of no remote commission, and in works where least excusable, because the assumed guide of readers.

In the Foreign Review, No. XLI., under the article of "Mémoires sur la Reine Hortense" (the mother of Louis Napoleon), at p. 204., it is stated,

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