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Rev. S. Dickenson observes that it is highly aromatic when dried, and that it long retains its odour.

HARE'S-FOOT TREFOIL. (Welsh: Troed yr ysgyfarnog. E.), Sandy pastures and corn-fields.

Var. 2. Dwarf. Ray. 14. 2. (Densely silky. Sm. E.)

A. July-Aug.

Root running deep. Stems trailing, one to three inches long. Fruit-stalks very short. Heads numerous, roundish. Blossoms white or pale fleshcoloured. Dill. in R. Syn.

Sea coast. Brackelsham, Sussex. Yarmouth Denes; Lowestoft, plentifully. Mr. Woodward. (Upon sand at New Romney, and near Sand wich. Mr. G. E. Smith. E.)

T. ME'DIUM. Spikes loose; blossom nearly regular; stipulæ awl-shaped, converging; stems zigzag, branched. Afzel

(Hort. Gram. E.)-Jacq. Austr. 386-E. Bot. 190–Fl. Dan. 662. (1273. Sm. E.)

Differs from T. pratense as follows: Leaves longer, more strongly ribbed, smooth above. Stipula spear-shaped, green, not awned. Haller. Leaves longer and narrower, and blossoms of a deeper colour than those of the cultivated Clover. Ray. (Heads of flowers larger. Hook. Vid. Afzelius. Linn. Tr. i. E.)

ZIGZAG TREFOIL. (MARL CLOVER OF COW-GRASS, of Sinclair. Welsh: Meillionen wyrgam. E.) T. medium. Linn. T. alpestre. Huds. Lightf. Relh. T. flexuosum. Jacq. With. Ed. ii. Elevated pastures and sides of hedges. At the foot of the Highland mountains in moist and shady places. Lightfoot. (Road sides about Libberton, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. E.) In Skirrith and other mountainous woods and pastures in the North, plentifully. Curtis. High pastures, usually among bushes, and in woods and ditch banks. Bath Hills, near Bungay. Mr. Woodward. Plentifully in Shortwood, near Pucklechurch. Rev. G. Swayne. (In the Old Park near Beaumaris. Welsh Bot. Oversley Hill, and Bilsley Field, Warwickshire. Purton. Upon the boggy tract below the road behind Beachboro', towards Lyminge, Kent. Mr. G. E. Smith. E.) P. July. T. PRATEN'SE. Spikes crowded; blossoms unequal: calyx with four of the teeth equal; stipule awned; stems ascending. Afzel. (E. Bot. 1770. E.)-Fuchs. 817—Trag. 586—J. B. ii. 374—Ger. 1017. 1— Matth. 835-Riv. Tetr. 11. 1, Trifolium-Blackw. 20—Kniph. 1—Lonic. i. 104. 4.

Flowers upright, when out of blossom hanging down. Leafits of the lower leaves roundish, those of the upper oval, slightly downy, dark blackish green, with a whitish, angular mark in the centre. Stipula, the upper

The true Marl Grass of the shops is the native T. pratense. Marl Grass was first cultivated by a farmer Smith, (I believe) of Somersetshire. See Billingsley's Agricultural Report for Somerset.) A circumstance which particularly distinguishes T. medium, is its propagating itself by root. Mr. Swayne. (Calculated from its creeping roots to last longer in the ground than T. pratense, but it is not yet cultivated. It does not possess the dangerous quality of causing cattle to be hove or blown, by eating it when fresh and green. Salisbury. By actual experiment Mr. Sinclair proves the produce and nutritive qualities of this species to be decidedly inferior to the Broad-leaved Clover, T. pratense, but adds, that though unfit for alternate husbandry, for permanent pasture on light soils its value is undoubtedly considerable. Hares and rabbits are very fond of this Clover, selecting it from other kinds. Hort. Gram. E.)

oval, terminated by an awn, scored with red veins, slightly woolly. Head single, usually roundish, situate between a pair of nearly sessile leaves, and in part surrounded by their stipulæ, smaller, and of a deeper purple than those of T. medium. Calyx short, slightly woolly, generally scored with red veins; teeth bristle-shaped, woolly, usually tinged with purple. Blossom reddish purple, sometimes white; of one petal; tube long; standard longer than the wings and keel, blunt, notched at the end; wings blunt. St. Stems always bowed upwards at the base. Branches and leaves upright, not wide apart. Calyx lower tooth far shorter than the tube of the blossom. Afzel.

HONEYSUCKLE TRE

PURPLE TREFOIL. RED CLOVER. MARL GRASS.
FOIL. (Welsh: Meillionen gôch. E.) Meadows and pastures.

P. B. May-Sept. Var. 2. Smaller. Leaves inversely heart-shaped, the upper generally opposite. Spike bare. Ray.

Ray 13. 1.

English Botanists have considered this as a smaller var. of T. pratense, the stipula being awned and the teeth of the calyx nearly equal, as in that species; but it differs in other respects very materially, the leaves being opposite, the leafits small, short, inversely heart-shaped, the fruit-stalk very long and destitute of floral-leaves. Afzel. Linn. Tr. i. 227.

Between Peckham and Camberwell. Hudson.

Var. 3. Cultivated. Larger and more upright than var. 1. Leaves somewhat paler and thinner. Flowers somewhat paler. Does not propagate itself by seed, or continue so long in the ground. Ray.

Fl. Dan. 989.

Stems strong, almost smooth, furrowed, twice as tall as those of var. 1. Heads large, oval, hairy. Petals more expanding, and styles shorter than those of var. 1. Mill.

The heads are used in Sweden to dye woollen green. With alum they give a light, with copperas a dark green. (This is one of the oldest and most useful plants in cultivation, yielding an abundant and nutritive crop; but it soon exhausts the ground. Mr. Salisbury remarks that the seeds of Clover have the property of remaining long in the ground after it has appeared to be exhausted, when ashes laid on will by their stimulating effects, cause the seeds to vegetate. Hence some persons have affirmed that (soap) ashes, when scattered over land, will produce Clover, (vid. T. repens.) Though

"Nature should provide

Green grass and fatt'ning Clover for their food,"

Cattle should be turned into heavy crops of Clover at first very cautiously, or it may soon prove fatal, especially if wet with dew or rain. When intended for immediate use, it should be mown in the middle of the day. Clover seeds of all kinds are necessary ingredients in laying down pasture lands.-Bees extract much honey from the sweet scented blossoms. The young plants are often injured by the same little jumping beetles, Haltion, that attack turnips. See Obs. on the Clover Weevil in Linn. Tr. vol. vi. A small weevil, also Apion flavifemoratum, feeds upou the seed of Purple Clover, and in most seasons does the crop considerable damage. But this mischief is moderated by the penetrating Ichneumon, from whose research the insect, concealed even within the legume of the plant, is not secure. Indeed, so wisely and mercifully is the balance adjusted throughout the whole economy of nature, that, though the impending evil be calculated to excite serious apprehension, we may rest assured that He who rides on the tempest and directs the storm, also works, by means imperceptibly minute for the general welfare of created being. E.)

Broad-leaved Clover. Meadows and pastures.*

Var. 4. Flowers cream-coloured: in other respects exactly resembling T. pratense.

A single specimen, found by the Rev. Mr. Swayne, in a field belonging to Tracy Park, near Bath. (Two solitary plants observed in a field of purple, near Uxbridge, by Mr. W. Christy. E.)

This plant has not the general hairiness, the long horns of the stipula, or the very long tooth of the calyx, so striking in T. ochroleucum.

(Var. 5. T. pratense perenne. Perennial Red Clover of Sinclair.

Hort. Gram.

Root slightly creeping, extremely fibrous. Of a darker green than the common Broad-leaved Clover, with more hairs on the stem and leaves, and less upright. The sheaths are terminated with narrower and longer points, which are set with longer hairs. Flower-stalks longer and more slender, with a disposition to grow flexuose. Heads of flowers less crowded, though equally large. When young the flower-head is extremely pubescent.

In the fertile grazing lands between Wainfleet and Skegness, in Lincolnshire, this true Perennial Red Clover abounds.+

T. OCHROLEU CUM. Spikes villous, terminal: stem upright, pubescent: lower leafits inversely heart-shaped: lower tooth of the calyx as long as the tube of the blossom.

Dicks. H. S.-Curt.—(E. Bot. 1224. E.)—Jacq. Austr. 40.

Stem more hairy, and stipulæ sheathing to a greater extent, and running out into longer awns than in T. pratense. Gouan. Leaves alternate; leafits sessile, the lower ones heart-shaped and egg-shaped in the same plant. Woodw. These circumstances, together with the great length of the lower tooth of the calyx, sufficiently distinguish it from the yellow-flowered var. of T. pratense. (Bloss. sulphur coloured, in roundish, dense, heads. Stems twelve to eighteen inches high. E.)

Ray's Trifolium pratense hirsutum majus, flore albo-sulphureo, Syn. 328, belongs to this species, as Hudson determined, and not to the variety above-mentioned.

SULPHUR-COLOURED TREFOIL. (T. squarrosum, as well as ochroleucum. Linn. fid. Sm. E.) Dry meadows, pastures, and thickets, in a chalky soil in Essex, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Dupper's Hill, Croydon, and near Stamford. Bath Hills, near Bungay. Mr. Woodward. (Sunderland Ballast Hills. Mr. Weighell. Clapham, Bedfordshire. Rev. Dr. Abbot. E.) B. June-July.‡

* Much cultivated. It is either grazed, or made into hay. Swine, goats, horses, and cows are foud of it. Linn. It seldom remains in the ground more than two years. Mr. Woodward.

(It should be combined with other grasses, and is either suitable to the alternate husbandry, (for which T. medium is inadmissible on account of its creeping roots), or for permanent pasture, for which it is peculiarly adapted. Such are its advantages for clayey and peaty soils: in dry light land T. medium is preferable. Hort. Gram. E.)

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(Smith pronounces the herbage to be very "sparing and not lasting; and suspects the plant may prove merely annual. Apion assimile is found upon it. E.)

(T. STELLA'TUM. Spikes hairy, egg-shaped: stipulæ elliptical: calyx< teeth spreading, leafy, equal, taper-pointed: stems spreading; leafits inversely heart-shaped, toothed. E. Bot.

Hook. Fl. Lond. 95-E. Bot. 1545-Barr. 860.

Herb varying much in luxuriance, always considerably_hairy. Stems spreading, branched, clothed with soft horizontal hairs. Leafits strongly ribbed. Flowers in round or ovate heads. Calyx very hairy, furrowed; its orifice is surrounded with an elegant red and white circle when about half grown. Standard of the blossom red; the other petals pale red or white. E. Bot. (In nothing so remarkable as in the enlarged spread segments of the calyx, of a rich brown colour when the seeds are ripe. Fl. Lond. E.)

STARRY-HEADED TREFOIL, T. stellatum. Linn. Discovered by Mr. Bor rer in July, 1804, growing in great plenty between Shoreham harbour, Sussex, and the sea, (but on the Ballast Hills, and no where else in Britain. E.) A. July. E.) T. MARITIMUM. Spikes hairy, globular: stipule spear-shaped, upright: calyx teeth spreading and dilated after flowering: leafits inversely egg-spear-shaped: upper leaves opposite.

Dicks. H.S.-(Hook. Fl. Lond. 57. E.) E. Bot. 220—H. Ox. ii. 14, upper left hand figure-Pluk. 113. 4.

(Stems numerous, spreading, often decumbent, about a foot long, branched, cylindrical, scored, slightly hairy. Bloss. pale red. One of those Trefoils distinguished by the teeth of the calyx becoming remarkably leafy, and much dilated, as the flower fades, and the seed ripens. In this it agrees with T. stellatum, but differs from pratense and its allies, as well as from arvense, whose teeth, though permanent and rigid, do not become leafy or dilated. Sm. E.)

TEASEL-HEADED TREFOIL. T. maritimum. Huds. Ed. 1. Sm. T. stellatum. Huds. Ed. ii. and With. Ed. ii. but not of Linn. Common on the southern sea coast. Dartford Saltmarsh. Richardson, in R. Syn. Leigh and Little Holland, Essex; in Somersetshire. Ray. Tilbury Fort. Petiver. Sheerness. Doody. In the meadows by the river side between the Hot-wells and Bristol. Mr. Swayne. Norfolk. Mr. Pitchford. (Willington Ballast Hills, Durham. Mr. Winch. Sunderland Ballast Hills. Mr. Weighell. E.) A. June-July.

(4) BLADDER TREFOILS. Calyx inflated and gibbous. T. FRAGIF'ERUM. Heads roundish: calyx of the fruit reflexed: upper lip bi-dentate, inflated: stems creeping.

Dicks. H. S.-Curt.-(E. Bot. 1050. E.)-Fl. Dan. 1042-Vaill. 22. 2— J. B. ii. 379. 3. b.-H. Ox. ii. 13. 14-Clus. Cur. 39-Ger. Em. 1208Park. 1109. 5.

Blossom purple. Stipula in pairs, oval-spear-shaped, drawn out into a long point, smooth. Leafits heart or egg-shaped, smooth, very slightly serrated. Fruit-stalks naked, longer than the leaf-stalks. Woodw. (The habit of T. repens. Legume at the bottom of the calyx, two-seeded. Fl. Brit. E.) (Root producing granulations. Heads of flowers small. Calyr ultimately becoming coloured, and aiding the general resemblance to a strawberry. E.)

STRAWBERRY-HEADED TREFOIL. (Welsh: Meillionen fefusaidd. E.) Moist meadows. About London, frequent. Moist places near the sea in the county of Durham. Mr. Robson. (In Darnley Vale: upon the undercliff, Sandgate east, Kent. Mr. G. E. Smith. North Shore, Liverpool. Dr. Bostock. About Holyhead. Welsh Bot. Leith Links. Mr. J. T. Mackay. Hook. Scot. E.) P. July-Aug.

(5) (HOP TREFOILS. Standard of the blossom incurved, permanent. T. PROCUM BENS. (Heads oval, imbricated: standard deflexed, permanent, furrowed: stems procumbent: leafits obovate. E. Bot.

E. Bot. 945. E.)-Curt. 161; T. agrarium-Vaill. 22. 3-Riv. Tetr. 10. 1, T. lupulinum-Fl. Dan. 796-Walc.-J. B. ii. 381. 1—H. Ox. ii. 13. 1 and 2, the uppermost of the 2 figures.

(Stems leafy, hairy, from four to ten or twelve inches long, cylindrical below, angular when they turn upwards. Leafits notched, toothed, veiny, smooth, a little glaucous. Common foot-stalks always longer than the partial stalk of the central leaflet. Stipule ribbed, often fringed. Flowers about fifty, bright yellow; standard finally deflexed, dry and membranous, sheltering the single-seeded, small, pointed, solitary legume. Sm.

T. procumbens of Huds. Lightf. Curt., &c. is considered by Linnæus only a variety of T. filiforme. Afzel. the T. minus of Relh. Sm. E.)

HOP TREFOIL (YELLOW SUCKLING. Salisb. Welsh: Meillionen hoppysaidd. T. procumbens. Linn. Willd. Sm. Hook. Grev. T. agrarium. Huds. Lightf. Curt. E.) Dry meadows and pastures. A. June-July.† T. FILIFORME. Spikes oval, loosely tiled, few-flowered: stems trailing.

(E. Bot. 1257. E.)-Ray 14. 4.

Stems three to six inches long. Stipule in pairs, oval-spear-shaped. Leafstalks very short. Leafits mostly heart-wedge-shaped, very entire at the base, serrated upwards, strongly veined, smooth, nearly sessile. Fruitstalks from the bosom of the leaves smooth. Flowers when wild mostly three, seldom more than five. Pedicles extremely slender, from half to one line long. Floral-leaves awl-shaped, very minute, one at the base of the pedicle of the middle flower, none on the others. Calyx half as long as the blossom, with five scores; the two upper teeth shortest, the lower longer, the lowermost the longest. Blossom pale yellow; standard eggshaped, somewhat notched, keeled. Woodw. (Seed one, rarely two. E.)

SLENDER YELLOW TREFOIL. (Welsh: Meillionen felen eiddil. E.) Poor sandy heaths and pastures. A. May-July.

Var. 2. Lesser Yellow Trefoil. (T. filiforme B. Fl. Brit. Hull. T. procumbens. Huds. Lightf. Curt. T. dubium. Smith. T. minus. Relh. Sm. Hook. E.) Spikes from eight to twenty-flowered.

(This Trefoil is eaten by cattle, but is not recommended for culture, its produce being late and inconsiderable. E. Bot. E.)

+ (According to Mr. Salisbury this is a very useful plant, seeding freely, growing readily, and affording a fine bite for sheep and cattle. But its being an annual must diminish its value to the agriculturist. E.)

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