PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

The Collodion Process, as described by Dr. Diamond. I beg to thank you for your kind replies to my two Queries respecting the iodide of silver and the proto-nitrate of iron. I should have done this earlier, but waited, hoping to inclose some prints as specimens of my efforts; but this the dull weather has hitherto prevented. So soon as I may succeed, I will send some for your inspection. I prepared my collodion, iodide of silver, and proto-nitrate of iron in accordance with the formulæ of DR. DIAMOND, and have found the results to be quite equal to any collodion, not excepting the xylo-iodide, that I have obtained from the London chemists. In short, I could not

desire a more clear and sparkling effect than I have thus been enabled to obtain. I find, however, that the film, when dry, is not to be removed without much rubbing, and wish it were otherwise, as, after having applied a black varnish, I often have removed the pictures and given them to ladies for their albums, &c., and, being gummed on to thin card-board, they were very available for such purposes. I suppose that, probably, a little more of the latter introduced into the mixture might remedy this, and have accordingly made some; but, till the light be better, I cannot tell whether or not I shall succeed. Now, where the film may not be required to be taken off, this quality will be highly advantageous, as there is scarcely any chance of removing any portion of the film in the manipulatory process; and we have much to thank DR. DIAMOND for, in having furnished us with so excellent a means for the purpose. I find the proto-nitrate most delicately beautiful in the effect it produces.

Being but a novice in this art, and believing that others just beginning to practise may meet with like difficulties to those which I have experienced, and feeling that we ought to render any little service to others that may be in our power, I take the liberty to say that, after the glass has been removed from the camera, if the thumb of the right hand (which generally becomes somewhat stained with the silver) touch the film, a fleck, sometimes extending all the way up the glass, will result. This may be avoided by doubling a piece of note-paper, about an inch long and half an inch wide, to hold the glass by whilst developing. Of course, when DR. DIAMOND's plan, of having the glass somewhat larger than the picture, is used, this cannot occur: but, as this may not always be convenient, it may be well to put my fellow-tyros on their guard. Another defect has often presented itself, viz. a great number of little flecks of a yellowish tint, and which spoil the picture. These I have found may be avoided, by rubbing briskly a clean glass, and dipping it in the silver bath just previous to the immersing of the

one required for the camera. To any one practised in photography these remarks are needless; but to us beginners every hint is, as I have found, of some service; and at all events, Sir, you will excuse them for the motive which occasions them. T. L. MERRITT.

Maidstone.

Stereoscopic Pictures taken with one Camera.Will any of your photographic correspondents kindly give, in your valuable little work, plain and understandable instructions for taking stereoscope pictures with one camera? The description of the thing must be very clear indeed to be understood by RAMUS.

I beg to inform your correspondent C. E. F. that Solution for positive Paper (Vol. vi., p. 562.).— in employing chloride of sodium in preparing positive paper, I use twenty grains to the ounce of water, a weaker solution than that which he mentions. I float my paper upon it for two or three minutes. The nitrate-of-silver solution I

employ in the next step is of the strength of forty grains to the ounce. With these proportions he will be able to procure positives of any shade, from reddish-brown to sepia.

silver bath for about two minutes, and when there I float my salted paper upon the nitrate-ofare no iron spots in the paper, I find it darken W. F. W. very uniformly.

After-dilution of Solutions.

May I be allowed, as an humble operator of the photographic art, to propose, through the medium of your valuable journal, the following questions?

Why the gentlemen who so kindly contribute their photographic experience to "N. & Q.," after they have sensitivised (if I may use the expression) the waxed and iodized paper with a very strong solution of aceto-nitrate, plunge it in distilled water for a period corresponding to the length of time they wish to preserve it: is not this equivalent to diluting the sensitive bath? In the early days of photography, Mr. Talbot, I believe, used the same process with his simply iodized paper; but he soon found that diluting to the strength he required was not only more certain, but was altogether more convenient and less wasteful of silver solution. If there should be any reason of importance for washing the paper, I shall feel greatly obliged with a hint from any of your correspondents on the subject. SIMPLICITAS.

7. Montague Place, Russell Square.

[There is much common sense in the suggestion of our correspondent. We should be glad to have his views confirmed by the experience of practical photographers.]

Replies to Minor Queries. The Irvingites (Vol. vi., p. 271.).—B. H. A., who inquires what works have been published relating to the history, &c. of the Irvingites, is informed that the following book will give some idea of their doctrines: The First and Last Days of the Church of Christ, translated from the French of C. M. Carre, by M. N. Macdonald Hume: published by Goodall and Son, 30. Great Pulteney Street, and 16. Great College Street, Camden Town. There is also a work published by them on the Liturgy and Litany, to be got at the same place, which might give B. H. A. much, or all, the information required. By applying to the before-mentioned persons, every information may be obtained.

G. C.

The Oak of Reformation (Vol. vi., pp. 254. 422.). It is a well authenticated fact, that this famous tree stood on Mousehold Heath, near the edge of the hill, where Ket had established his camp, over against Bishopgate Bridge, Norwich, in immediate proximity with St. Michael's chapel, ever after called "Ket's Castle." If EAST ANGLIA will re

view the circumstances of this rebellion, as they are detailed by Heylin, Strype, Fuller, Stow, and Blomefield, he will find that it could not, in fact, have stood anywhere else. It was a very old tree when the "tanner-king" boarded it over for the purposes of his "court of justice," and soon after the suppression of the rebellion disappeared.

COWGILL.

Funeral Custom, &c. (Vol. vi., p. 433.). Since the death of Sixtus V., in 1590, the intestines of the Popes have been interred in the church of SS. Vincenzo ed Anastasio, the parish church of the Quirinal, and are commemorated by inscriptions on stone near the high altar.

The heart of James II. was placed in an urn in the church of St. Mary, of Chaillot, near Paris: his brain in an urn of bronze gilt, over his monument in the chapel of the Scotch College. In front of this monument is a slab over the heart of his queen; another over the intestines of Louisa Maria, his second daughter; and on one side, another over the heart of Mary Gordon of Huntly, duchess of Perth. But I believe that there are instances of The separate sepulture of the heart much anterior "y of these. CHEVERELLS.

Erethenus, the River (Vol. vi., p. 389.).—I find "Eretenus Fl." simply mentioned by name in Arrowsmith's Compendium of Ancient and Modera Geography, 1831, chap. xii. sect. 26., thus: "The other cities of Venetia were Ateste Este, a Roman colony, on Eretenus fl.; Agno; Verona Verona, on the Athesis," &c., and laid down in Arrowsmith's Comparative Atlas, pl. xi., “lat. 45° 18'; long. 11° 25'." It seems to have its source in the Carnic Alps, not far from the point where they are bisected by Benacus L., Lago di Garda; to flow due south between Verona and Vicentia Vicenza, as far as Ateste Este; and then, merging into Togisonus Fl. Canal Bianco, to empty into the Adriatic at Portus Brundulus, Porto Bri

dolo. It is laid down as "Retenus Fl." in D'A ville's Atlas of Anc. Geog., MDCCLXIV., published by Laurie, Fleet Street, 1821, plate 6.

The modern name, Agno, will probably be of more service to F. W. J. than the sketchy track I have drawn from the only books I have at hand.

Temple.

Hovellers (Vol. vi., p. 412.).—

C. FORBES.

"Hoblers, hobellarii, are certain men that by their tenure are to maintain a little light nagge for the cer

tifying of any invasion made by enemies, or such like perill, towards the sea-side, in Porchmouth, &c. Of and again, the 25th ejusdem, stat. 5. cap. 8., and these you shall read an 18 Ed. III. stat. 2. cap. 7.;

commeth of the French word hober; an old word, which is, to move to and fro, to be stirring up and down."—

Minshaus.

the Council to the captains of trained bands in The word frequently occurs in the orders from Kent, during the preparations for resisting the Spanish Armada.

This is doubtless the origin of the term hoveller, applied to the light boats at Deal, Dover, &c which are always on the watch to run out, at the first signal, to land passengers, &c., and, when the weather permits, often ply about for that purpose, far out at sea.

Mémoires d'un Homme d'Etat (Vol. vi., p. 412.). L'Homme d'Etat was Prince Hardenberg; but the work is not, strictly speaking, his memoirs, but a compilation made after his death from papers found in his cabinet, and a good deal is therefore in. See an account of the work, and its tendency, apocryphal,-to be consulted, rather than confided in the Quarterly Review for June, 1852.

Uncertain Etymologies (Vol. vi., p. 434.).— A. A. D. proposes that "N. & Q." should open its pages to a list of all modern English words "whose etymologies are in an unsatisfactory state." I, for one, beg leave to enter my protest against what would end by turning "N. & Q." into a "conjectural dictionary of the English tongue." Those

who have thought seriously of the formation of language, will, I think, be of opinion that the etymological portions of "N. & Q." have not been the most shining or most useful. We have had some pages of contest whether devil, diable, diavolo were not derived from the Sanscrit, instead of from the Greek diaconos; and a correspondent, NOTA, in Vol. vi., p. 462. (with, I admit, many daily instances in his favour), thinks that the "leading article" of a newspaper really means a leaden one! May I be permitted to say, as we are talking typographically, that I do not think the late Note a Nota bene. C.

a

Father Petre (Vol. vi., p. 362.).—What can your correspondent M. D. mean by calling himself " collateral descendant" of Father Petre? As to rhymes about him, he will find plenty in the C.

volumes called State Poems.

Perhaps M. D. may not know the following, although I am afraid he would consider them libellous :

1. "Father Petre's Policy Discovered; or the Prince of Wales prov'd a Popish Perkin."

2. "Dialogue between Father Petre and the Devil." 3. "The Last Will and Testament of Father Petre." The first two are contained in A Second Collection of the Newest and most Ingenious Poems, Satyrs, Songs, &c. against Popery and Tyranny, 1689, 4to.; the third in The Muses Farewell to Popery and Slavery, 1689, 8vo.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Shakspeare Emendations: "I am put to know" (Vol. vi., pp. 135. 423. 468.).-MR. SINGER'S instances of put for constrained are decisive on that point; but in this passage of Measure for Measure my difficulty is, that "constrained to know" does not suit the circumstances: it is at least a very forced expression. I am glad to find so intelligent a critic as MR. SINGER concurring in my doubts as to "and all at once," in As You Like It (Act III. Sc. 5.). His conjecture of "and rail at once" is ingenious, very near the text, and it makes sense of what was nonsense; but I myself cannot but suspect that the true word must have been a stronger one. Rail is an anticlimax after insult. It is something, however, to have a meaning, though a feeble one.

C.

The Redbreast (Vol. vi., p. 345.). The redbreast is called the "Farewell Summer" in Devonshire. There was a plaintive and very pretty air published four or five years ago: the words began with

Lady-day in Harvest (Vol. vi., p. 399.). — MR. H. EDWARDS is not satisfied with my remarks on Lady-day in harvest at p. 350., and seems to imagine that the term applies to the feast of the Assumption, i. e. August 15th. But I feel more than ever satisfied that the term applies to the feast of the Nativity of our Lady, September 8, from having read the other day that in Switzerland this day is commonly known as "the festival of our Lady of September." P. A. F.

Dr. Robert Clavering (Vol. vi., p. 413.). — Dr. Robert Clavering, bishop of Peterborough, was the son of William Clavering, Esq., and born at Brown's Park, Northumberland, in 1671. He was admitted at Lincoln College, Oxford, June 26, 1693, at the age of twenty-one; having graduated previously at Edinburgh Academy, after a residence of three or four years, he was permitted to take his M.A. degree at Oxford, May 20, 1696.

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.

Bishops' Marriages (Vol. iv., p. 299.). There was a Query made some time since in "N. & Q." concerning the name of a bishop who was three times married. It may assist the inquirer to learn times, were Dr. Burnet and Dr. Gooch; and the that the bishops who have been married three only bishop who married four wives was Dr. Thomas, of Lincoln, the prelate, I think, about whom your correspondent made the Query.

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.

Ancient Dutch Allegorical Picture (Vol. vi., p. 457.).—It seems to me that your correspondent may be mistaken in thinking St. John Baptist to be the subject of the middle picture (vide Vol. vi., p. 458. second column). Does it not rather represent the Triumphant Saviour; especially as the subjects of the pictures on either side of it are Christ bearing His Cross, and the Crucifixion? The Triumphant Saviour was commonly represented as standing in a vesica piscis, or aureola, which, though generally elliptic or almond-shaped, sometimes took a four-sided form, to accommodate the outline of the head, arms, and feet; and this might be the "lozenge-shape" described. right hand raised is the act of benediction, if (according to the symbol of the Latin Church) the thumb, index, and middle fingers be extended. The banner in the left hand is in token of the victory over Sin and Death. Perhaps the female figure (on the frame) holding a flaming heart, and having a child on her knee, with two others on either side, is intended for the Virgin Mary, with

The

the Infant Christ and his two "brethren:" for although the flaming heart is an emblem of Charity, yet it often accompanies representations of the Virgin. The grapes may mean the "true Vine."

CUTHBERT BEDE.

Wit referred to by Coleridge (Vol. vi., p. 461.).— "The noted English wit" was probably Theodore

Hook, whose wonderful talent for extemporaneous versification was perhaps never more strikingly displayed than on a certain night at a gay bachelor's party at Highgate, when Coleridge himself formed the subject of his song. After a "very wet evening," punch had been introduced at the suggestion of Coleridge, when Hook, sitting down to the piano, burst into a bacchanal of egregious luxury, every line of which had reference to the author of the Lay Sermons and the Aids to Reflection. The room was becoming excessively hot: the first specimen of the new compound was handed to Hook, who paused to quaff it, and then, exclaim ing that he was stifled, flung his glass through window. Coleridge rose with the aspect of nignant patriarch, and demolished another pate; the example was followed generally; the wind was a wreck in an instant: the kind host was farthest from the mark, and his goblet made havoc of the chandelier. The roar of laughter was drowned in Theodore's resumption of the song and window, and chandelier, and the peculiar shot of each individual destroyer had apt, in many cases exquisitely witty, commemoration. With the re membrance of this, and many similar displays of Theodore Hook's powers before him, Coleridge would doubtless refer to that "noted English wit in the passage quoted by A. A. D.

CUTHBERT BEDE.

Ireland's Freedom from Reptiles (Vol. vi notice of Julius Solinus, whose Polyhistorie way pp. 42. 400.).-This peculiarity did not escape the be assigned to the close of the first century after Christ. He writes (c. xxii.):

"Illic (i. e. in Hibernia), nullus anguis, avis rara, gens inhospita et bellicosa." The story, therefore, of St. Patrick's triumph, in so far as it related to the literal serpent, must be now abandoned as a myth.

-

C. H

(Vol. iii., p. 143.). Don of Pitfichie, Monymusk, Aberdeenshire Abridge, will be kind enough to furnish any addIf your correspondent A. A family flourished at Monymusk, I shall endeavour tional particulars as to when any of the above to trace them. They do not appear to be a prominent Aberdeenshire family.

PETROPROMONTORIENSIS

Tumble-Down Dick (Vol. vi., pp. 391. 469.).— On the great road to Winchester, near Farnham, there is a country inn with a sign so inscribed, of a John Bull tumbling from his chair, as described by MR. WOODWARD. The house is, I think, close to, and visible from, the Farnborough station of the South-Western Railway. I think it worth notice in reference to the supposed allusion to Richard Cromwell; for this inn is about half-way between London and Hursley, Richard's usual residence.

C.

Rhyming Rats to Death (Vol. vi., p. 460.). Possibly the two following allusions to the custom of rhyming rats to death may be of some use to your querist M. M.:

"The Irishirs believe that their children and cattel are eybitten' when they suddenly fall sick, and call these sort of witches eybiters,' and believe that they can rime any man or beast to death."- Reginald Scott's Discoverie of Witchcraft. Black-letter, 1584. And also in As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 2., Rosalind says, evidently alluding to the same super

stition:

"I was never so berhymed since Pythagoras' time, that I was an Irish rat, which I can hardly remember." G. H. KINGSLEY. Exterior Stoups (Vol. v., p. 560.; Vol. vi., pp. 19. 86. 160.).There is an exterior stoup on the western wall of the ruined church of Kilmolash, in the county of Waterford, Ireland. It is placed at the left (north) side of the entrance; which, strange to say, is not in the centre, under the small western window, but is nearly close to the southern wall of the church. I do not remember any similar instance.

The stoup projects considerably from the wall: it is of unusual shape, resembling a corbel hollowed into a circular basin. For canopy, it has a plain flag-stone. H. COTTON.

Christopher Harvie, Author of the "Synagogue," "School of the Heart," &c. (Vol. vi., p. 463.). The Editor of "N. & Q." has quoted Sir Harris Nicolas from a note to Walton's Angler, which is correct; but Sir Harris might have said, proves satisfactorily the author of the Synagogue instead of "goes very near." In the advertisement prefixed to the Synagogue, printed at the end of Pickering's edition of George Herbert's Poems, will be found a few more particulars of the author and of his works. W.

the third. This has been fully answered by A. GATTY and C. H. COOPER, at p. 438., Vol. vi. of "N. & Q.," but only as to the practice and not the principle, which surely should be considered, and I apprehend is this: - It is the genius or habit of our language to place the accent of trisyllables mostly on the first, sometimes on the second, but hardly ever on the third: while, in the Spanish or Portuguese, at least in words ending with a consonant, it is almost invariably on the latter. Acnotice by the battle (1805), it was generally procordingly, when Trafalgar was first brought into nounced anglicater Trafalgar; till observed that the Spanish pronunciation was Trafalgar, like Espanol, Escorial, Gibraltar, &c. Neither, therefore, is exclusively right nor absolutely wrong: but, as the true principle (though this has never yet been determined) is rather to follow the local or aboriginal pronunciation of names, Trafalgar seems to be the latter, as also it is that now generally followed.

Athenæum.

M. M.

Portrait of Collins (Vol. vi., p. 291.). — On looking over a file of the Morning Chronicle for 1799, some time since, I noticed an advertisement It was stated to of a portrait of Collins for sale. be the only one in existence, and to have belonged to the poet's sister. As no answer has yet appeared to the Query of MAGDALENSIS, the above may give him a clue as to its present possessor; and I much regret being unable to give him the exact reference, having mislaid the note I made at the

time.

Knightsbridge.

H. G. D.

[There is a portrait of Collins (atatis 14), from a drawing formerly in the possession of William Seward, Esq., prefixed to Pickering's Aldine edition of Collins.]

Churchill's Death (Vol. vi., p. 484.).—It is to be regretted that any correspondent of " N. & Q." should raise a doubt, without telling us on what authority that doubt rests. B. G. (antè, p. 484.) "believes it will be found, upon proper inquiry,' that Churchill died at Dover. As B. G., it must