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from the United Kingdom in the Year 1842.

An Account of the Quantities of Coals, Cinders, | Rates of Duty on Coals, Cinders, and Culm exported and Culm exported from the United Kingdom to Foreign Countries and the British Settlements abroad in 1842, with the Rates and Amount of Duties received thereon.

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In British Ships

or in Foreign Ships not under

Ships under

Reciprocity

Treaties.

In Foreign

Reciprocity

Treaties.

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on Export

ation in

Total.

British
Ships.

Coals, cinders, and culm ex-
ported:
Previously to the 9th July,
To British possessions

-Free

42

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An Account of the Quantities of Coals, Cinders, and Culm shipped at the several Ports of England, Scotland, and Ireland, coastwise to other Ports of the United Kingdom, during the Years 1841 and

-10 6 per cent. ad 4 2

per ton. per ton.

valorem.

-Free

Free.

20 per ton

4 0 per ton.

.

10 per ton
Free

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Price of Coal. The following is an account of the contract price of coal supplied to Greenwich Hospital in the undermentioned years.

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Per Chaldron. Years. Per Chaldron. Years. Per Chaldron. Years. Per Chaldron.

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This table sets the beneficial influence of the abolition of the duty on coals, and of the other alterations that have been made in the management of the trade, in a very striking point of view.

COASTING TRADE, the trade or intercourse carried on by sea between two or more ports or places of the same country.

It has been customary in most countries to exclude foreigners from all participation in the coasting trade. This policy began in England in the reign of Elizabeth (5 Eliz. c. 5.), or, perhaps, at a more remote æra; and was perfected by the acts of navigation passed in 1651 and 1660. A vast number of regulations have been since enacted at different periods. The existing rules with respect to it, which have been much simplified, are embodied in the act 8 & 9 Vict. c. 86., and are as follow:

All Trade by Sea from one Part of the U. K. to another, or to the Isle of Man, to be deemed Coastwise, and no Part to be deemed beyond the Seas. All trade by sea from any one part of the U. K. to any other part thereof, or to the Isle of Man, or from the Isle of Man to any part of the U. K., or from one part of the Isle of Man to another part thereof, shall be deemed to be a coasting trade, and all ships while employed therein shall be deemed to be coasting ships; and no part of the U. K. or of the Isle of Man, however situated with regard to any other part, shall be deemed in law, with reference to each other, to be parts beyond the seas in any matter relating to the trade or navigation or revenue of this realm: provided always, that all goods liable to duty of customs upon the importation or bringing of them into the Isle of Man, when brought from the U. K. into the said isle, and all vessels bringing the same, shall be liable to the same rules and regulations as are required by law in respect of goods imported into the said isle from foreign parts, and in respect of the vessels bringing the same; and all penalties and forfeitures inflicted by law for any breach of the said rules and regulations shall attach upon all goods so brought into the said isle contrary to the said rules and regulations or any of them, and upon all persons committing any breach of any such rule or regulation: and such penalues and forfeitures may be recovered in the same manner as any penalty or forfeiture may be recovered by any act relating to the customs. -§ 113.

Lords of Treasury to regulate what shall be deemed trading by Sea under this Act. - Whereas some parts of the coast of the U. K. may be so situated with regard to other neighbouring parts thereof that doubts may arise in some cases whether the passage between them by water shall be deemed to be a

passage by sea within the meaning of this act; and that in other cases, although such passage be by sea, it may be unnecessary for the purposes of this act, or of any act relating to the customs to subject ships passing between such places to the restraints of coast regulations; be it therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful for the lords of the treasury to determine and direct in what cases the trade by water from any place on the coast of the U. K. to another of the same shall or shall not be deemed a trade by sea within the meaning of this act or of any act relating to the customs. § 114.

Coasting Ship confined to coasting Voyage. No goods shall be carried in any coasting ship except such as shall be laden to be so carried at some port or place in the U. K., or at some port or place in the Isle of Man respectively; and no goods shall be laden on board any ship to be carried coastwise until all goods brought in such ship from parts beyond the seas shall have been unladen; and if any goods shall be taken into or put out of any coasting ship at sea or over the sea, or if any coasting ship shall touch at any place over the sea, or deviate from her voyage, unless forced by unavoidable circumstances, or if the master of any coasting ship which shall have touched at any place over the sea shall not declare the same in writing under his hand to the collector or comptroller at the port in the U. K., or in the Isle of Man where such ship shall afterwards first arrive, the master of such ship shall forfeit the sum of 2007--$115.

Before Goods be laden or unladen, Notice of Intention or of Arrival to be given, and proper Documents to issue. No goods shall be laden on board any ship in any port or place in the UK. or in the Isle of Man to be carried coastwise, nor having been brought coastwise shall be unladen in any such port or place from any sh, until due notice in writing, signed by the master, shall have been given to the collector or comptrolier, by the master, owner, whartinger, or agent of such ship, of the intention to lade goods on board the same to be so carried, or of the arrival of such ship with goods so brought, (as the case may be,) nor until proper documents shall have been granted as herein-after directed for the Jading or for the unlading of such goods; and such goods shall not be laden or unladen except at such times and places, and in such manner, and by such persons, and under the care of such officers, as is and are herein-after directed; and all goods laden to be so carried, or brought to be so unladen, contrary hereto, shall be forfeited.-§ 116.

Particulars in Notice. In such notice shall be stated the name and tonnage of the ship, and the name of the port to which she belongs, and the name of the master, and the naine of the port to which she is bound or from which she has arrived, and the name or description of the wharf or place at which her lading is to be taken in or discharged (as the case may be); and such notice shall be signed by the master, owner, wharfinger, or agent of such ship, and shall be entered in a book to be kept by the collector for the information of all parties interested; and every such notice for the unlading of any ship or vessel shall be delivered within 24 hours after the arrival of such ship or vessel, under a penalty of 201., to be paid by the master of such ship or vessel; and in every such notice for the lading of any ship or vessel shall be stated the last voyage on which such ship or vessel shall have arrived at such port; and if such voyage shall have been from parts beyond the seas there shall be produced with such notice a certificate from the proper officer of the discharge of all goods (if any) brought in such ship, and of the due clearance of such ship or vessel inwards of such voyage.-§ 117.

From and to Ireland with certain Goods, the Master must attend to deliver Notice, &c. - Upon the arrival of any coasting ship at any port in Great Britain from Ireland, or at any port in Ireland from Great Britain, the master of such ship shall within 24 hours after such arrival attend and deliver such notice, signed by him, to the collector or comptroller; and if such ship shall have on board any goods subject on arrival to any duty of excise, or any goods which had been imported from parts beyond the seas, the particulars of such goods, with the marks and numbers of the packages containing the same, shall be set forth in such notice; and if there shall be no such goods on board, then it shall be declared in such notice that no such goods are on board; and the master shall also answer any questions relating to the voyage as shall be demanded of him by the collector or comptroller; and every master who shall fail in due time to deliver such notice, and truly to answer such questions, shall forfeit the sum of 1004.-§ 118.

After Notice given of lading Goods on board Coasting Ships, Collector may grant a general Sufferance.When due notice shall have been given to the collector or comptroller at the port of lading of the intention to lade goods on board any coasting ship, such collector or comptroller shall grant a general sufferance for the lading of goods (without specifying the same) on board such ship, at the wharf or place which shall be expressed in such sufferance; and such sufferance shall be a sufficient authority for the lading of any sort of goods, except such (if any) as shall be expressly excepted therein: provided always, that before any sufferance be granted for any goods prohibited to be exported the master or owner of any such ship, or the shipper of such goods, shall give bond, with I sufficient surety, in treble the value of the goods, that the same shall be landed at the port for which such sufferance is required, or shall be otherwise accounted for to the satisfaction of the commissioners of customs. -$119.

Master of Coasting Vessel to keep a Cargo Book.—The master of every coasting ship shall keep or cause to be kept a cargo book of the same, stating the name of the ship and of the master, and of the port to which she belongs, and of the port to which bound on each voyage; and in which book shall be entered, at the port of lading, an account of all goods taken on board such ship, stating the descriptions of the packages, and the quantities and descriptions of the goods therein, and the quantities and descriptions of any goods stowed loose, and the names of the respective shippers and consignees, as far as any of such particulars shall be known to him; and in which book, at the port of discharge, shall be noted the respective days upon which any of such goods be delivered out of such ship, and also the respective times of departure from the port of lading, and of arrival at any port of unlading; and such master shall produce such book for the inspection of the coast-waiter or other proper officer, so often as the same shall be demanded, and who shall be at liberty to make any note or remark therein; and if such master shall fail correctly to keep such book, or to produce the same, or if at any time there be found on board such ship any goods not entered in the cargo book as laden, or any goods noted as delivered, or if at any time it be found that any goods entered as laden, or any goods not noted as delivered, be not on board, the master of such ship shall forfeit the sum of 50%.; and if, upon examination at the port of lading, any package entered in the cargo book as containing any foreign goods shall be found not to contain such goods, such package, with its contents, shall be forfeited; and if at the port of discharge any shall be found to contain any foreign goods which are not entered in such book, such goods shall be forfeited. - § 120.

Accounts of Foreign Goods, and of Goods subject to Coast Duty, to be delivered to Collector. Before any coasting ship shall depart from the port of lading, an account, together with a duplicate of the same, all fairly written, and signed by the master, shall be delivered to the collector or comptroller; and in such account shall be set forth such particulars as are required to be entered in the cargo book of all foreign goods, and of all corn, grain, meal, flour, or malt laden on board, and generally, whether any other British goods or no other British goods be laden on board, as the case may be, or whether such ship be wholly laden with British goods not being of any of the descriptions before mentioned, as the case may be; and the collector or comptroller shall select and retain one of such accounts, and shall return the other, dated and signed by him, and noting the clearance of the ship thereon; and such account shall be the clearance of the ship for the voyage, and the transire for the goods expressed therein; and if any such account be false, or shall not correspond with the cargo book, the master shall forfeit the sum of 501.—§ 121.

Transire to be delivered to Collector before Goods unladen. - |
Before any goods be unladen from any coasting ship at the
port of discharge, the master, owner, wharfinger, or agent of
such ship shall deliver the transire to the collector or comp
troller of such port, who shall thereupon grant an order for
the unlading of such ship at the wharf or place specified in
such order: provided always, that if any of the goods on board
such ship be subject to any duty of customs or excise payable
on arrival coastwise at such port, the master, owner, wharf-
inger, or agent of such ship, or the consignee of such goods,
shall also deliver to the collector or comptroller a bill of the
entry of the particulars of such goods, expressed in words at
length, together with a copy thereof, in which all sams and
numbers may be expressed in figures, and shall pay down all
duties of customs, or produce a p rmit in respect of all duties
of excise, which shall be due and payable on any of such goods,
as the case may be; and thereupon the collector and comp.
troller shall grant an order for the landing of such goods, in
the presence or by the authority of the coast-waiter,§ 122.
Collector, in certain Cases, may grant general Transire. — It
shall be lawful for the collector and comptroller, in the cases
herein-after mentioned, to grant for any coasting ship a
general transire, to continue in force for any time not exceed-
ing 1 year from the date thereof, for the lading of any goods
(except such goods, if any, as shall be expressly excepted
therein), and for the clearance of the ship in which the goods
shall be laden, and for the uniading of the goods at the place
of discharge, viz.

For any ship regularly trading between places in the river
Severn eastward of the Holmes:

For any ship regularly trading between places in the river
Humber:
For any ship regularly trading between places in the Firth of
Forth:

For any ship regularly trading between places to be named in
the transire, and carrying only inanure, lime, chalk, stone,
gravel, sand, or any earth, not being fullers' earth.

And it shall and may be lawful for the commissioners of customs, whenever it shall appear to them to be necessary, to grant general transires, under such regulations and for such time as they may see fit, for the lading of any goods, and for the clearing the ship in which the goods stall be laden, and for the unlading the goods at the place of discharge: provided always, that such transires shall be written in the cargo book

herein before required to be kept by the masters of coastir g ships provided also, that if the said commissioners or the collector and comptroller shall at any time revoke such transizes, and notice thereof shall be given to the master cẩ owner of the ship, or shall be given to any of the crew whea on board the ship, or shall be entered in the cargo book bị any officer of the customs, such transires shall become valë, and shall be delivered up by the master or owner to the callector or comptroller, or to any officer of customs demanding the same. 123.

Coast-waiter, Landing waiter, or Searcher may go on beard and examine any Coa ting Ship. It shall be lawful in any case, and at all legal times, for the cost-water, and also for the landing waiter, and for the searcher, and for any other proper officer of the customs, to go on board any consting ship in any port or place in the U. K., or in the Isle of Man, or at any period of her voyage, and strictly to search such ship, and to examine all goods on board, and all goods being laden or unfaden, and to demand all documents which ought to be on board such ship. -§ 124.

Times and Places for Landing and Shipping. - No goods shall be unshipped from any ship arriving coastwise m the U. K. or in the Isle of Man, and also no goods shall be chipped or waterborne to be shipped, in the U. K. or in the Isle of Man, to be carried cost wise, but only on days not being Sundays or holidays, and in the daytime, (that is to say,) from the 1st day of September until the last day of March betwixt sun-rising and sun setting, and from th last d. of March until the 1st day of September, between the hours of 7 of the clock in the morning and 4 of the clock in the afternoon; nar shail any such goods be so unshipped, shipped, or waterborne unless in the presence or with the authority of the proper officer of the customs, nor unless at places which sha" be ap pointed or approved by the proper officer of the customs. 125.

Goods prohibited or restrained. —Whenever any goods which may be prohibited to be exported by proctanation or by onder in council, under the authority of this act, shall be so 17hibited, it shall be lawful in such proclimation or reder in council to prohibit or restrict the carrying of such goods coastwise; and if any such goods shall be carried coast w ise, or shall be shipped or waterborne to be carried ecast wise, contrary to any such prohibition or restriction, the same shall be forfeited.§126.

An Account of the Number and Tonnage of the Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade, which entered inwards and cleared outwards, with Cargoes, at the several Ports of the United Kingdom, in 1843 and 1844, distinguishing the Vessels employed in the Intercourse between Great Britain and Ireland from other Coasters.

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Tonnage. Ships Tonnage. Skipa. Tonnage. Ships. Tonnage.

10,104 1,255,901 10,147 1,349,273 16,760 1,670,574 16,948 1,817,756 121,357 9,566,275 123,751 9,615,434 121,937 9,650,564 128,294 9,877,105 131,461 10,822,176 133,898 10,964,707 141,697 11,321,138 | 145,242_11,694, !

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COBALT (Ger. Kobalt; Du. Kobal; Sw. Cobolt; Fr. Cobalt; It. Cobalto; Rus Kobolt; Lat. Cobaltum), a mineral of a grey colour, with a shade of red, and by no means brilliant. It has scarcely any taste or smell; is rather soft; specific gravity about 8.6. Sometimes it is composed of plates, sometimes of grains, and sometimes of small fibres adhering to each other. Its oxides are principally employed. — (See SMALTS, OF SMALTZ.) They form the most permanent blue with which we are acquainted. The colouring power of oxide of cobalt on vitrifiable mixtures is greater, perhaps, than that of any other metal. One grain gives a full blue to 240 grains of glass. — ( Thomson's Chemistry, and Ure's Dictionary.) COCCULUS INDICUS, OR INDIAN BERRY (Sans. Kakamari; Malay, Tuba bidgi), the fruit of the Menispermum Cocculus, a large tree of the Malabar coast, Ceylon, &c. It is a small kidney-shaped berry, having a white kernel inside, of a most unpleasant taste. It is of a poisonous and intoxicating quality, and has been employed to adulterate ale and beer. But its employment in that way is prohibited under a penalty of 2001. upon the brewer, and of 5001. upon the seller of the drug, by the 56 Geo. 3. c. 58.

COCHINEAL (Ger. Koschenile; Du. Conchenilje: Fr. Cochenille; It. Cocciniglia; Sp. Cochinilla, Grana; Port. Cochenilha; Rus. Konssenel), an insect (Coccus cacti) found in Mexico, Georgia, South Carolina, and some of the West India islands: recently, also, it has been introduced into Java, and promises to become an important product of that rapidly improving colony. Formerly it was in Mexico only that it was reared with care, and formed a valuable article of commerce; but its culture is now more or less attended to in various parts of the West Indies and of the United States. It is a small insect, seldom exceeding the size of a grain of barley; and was generally believed, for a considerable time after it began to be imported into Europe, to be a sort of vegetable grain or seed. There are two sorts or varieties of cochineal: the best or domesticated, which the Spaniards called grana fina, or fine grain; and the wild, which they call grana sylvestra. The former is nearly twice as large as the latter; probably be cause its size has been improved by the favourable effects of human care, and of a more

copious and suitable nourishment, derived solely from the Cactus cochinellifer, during ' many generations. Wild cochineal is collected six times in the year; but that which is cultivated is only collected thrice during the same period. The insects, of which there are about 70,000 in a pound, being detached from the plants on which they feed by a blunt knife, are put into bags, and dipped in boiling water to kill them, after which they are dried in the sun. It is principally used in the dyeing of scarlet, crimson, and other esteemed colours. The watery infusion is of a violet crimson; the alcoholic, of a deep crimson; and the alkaline, of a deep purple, or rather violet hue. It is imported in bags, each containing about 200 lbs. ; and has the appearance of small, dry, shrivelled, rugose berries or seeds, of a deep brown, purple, or mulberry colour, with a white matter between the wrinkles. In this state they suffer no change from length of keeping. Dr. Bancroft says that that cochineal is the best, which is "large, plump, dry, and of a silver white colour on the surface."

The species of cochineal called granilla, or dust, is supposed by Dr. Bancroft to be principally formed of grana sylvestra. The insects of which it consists are smaller than those composing the fine cochineal; and it does not yield more than a third part of the colouring matter that is yielded by the latter. The cochineal insect was introduced into India in 1795; but a very inferior sort only is produced. It has also been introduced into Java and Spain, but with what success remains to be seen, -( Thomson's Dispensatory; Bancroft on Colours, &c.)

An Account of the Quantities of Cochineal imported into the United Kingdom in 1839, 1840, and 1841, specifying the Countries whence it came, and the Quantities brought from each, and specifying also the Quantities entered for Consumption, and the Produce of the Duties, in each of the 3 Years ending

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The duties on cochineal were reduced (foreign from 6d., and colonial from 2d. per lb.) in 1842 to 1s. a cwt.

The price of cochineal fluctuated very much during the war, partly on account of the obstacles which it occasionally threw in the way of importation, and partly on account of its being an article of direct government expenditure. In 1814 the price of the best cochineal was as high as 36s, and 39s.; and it has since gone on regularly declining, with hardly a single rally, till it has sunk to from 4s. to 6s. per Ib. Previously to the war it had never been under 12s, or 13s. Lac dye has recently been employed to some extent in dyeing scarlet; but notwithstanding this circumstance, the consumption of cochineal, occasioned, no doubt, partly by its cheapness, and partly, perhaps, by some change of fashion, has been materially increased since 1824. This, however, has not had any material influence on its price; and it would appear, from the long continuance of low prices, not only without any diminution, but with a large increase of imports, that they are still sufficient to remunerate the growers of the article.(Tooke, &c. on High and Low Prices; Cook's Commercial Circulars.)

COCOA, OR, more properly, CACAO, (Fr. and Sp. Cacao; Ger. Kakao) the seed or nuts of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao), growing in the West Indies, and in many parts of South America. It is said, by Mr. Bryan Edwards, to bear some resemblance, both in size and shape, to a young blackheart cherry. The nuts are contained in pods, much like a cucumber, that proceed immediately from all parts of the body and larger branches; each pod contains from 20 to 30 nuts, of the size of large almonds, very compactly set. The shell of the nut is of a dark brown colour, brittle, and thin; the kernel is, both internally and externally, brownish, divided into several unequal portions, adhering together, but separating without much difficulty; it has a light agreeable smell, and an unctuous, bitterish, rather rough and peculiar, but not ungrateful taste. The nuts should be chosen full, plump, and shining, without any mustiness, and not wormThey yield, by expression, a great deal of oil; but they are cultivated only that they may be employed in the preparation of the excellent beverage cocoa, and the manufacture of chocolate, of which they form the principal ingredient. The finest cocoa is said to be that of Socomusco. The principal importations are, however, derived from the Caraccas and Guayaquil, particularly the former, the cocoa of which is, also, the more valuable. The exports from Guayaquil amounted, at an average of the 3 years ending with 1838, to 8,878,255 lbs. a year. (Geog. Dict. art GUAYAQUIL.) M. Humboldt estimated the consumption of cocoa in Europe, in 1806, at 23,000,000 lbs., of which from 6,000,000 to 9,000,000 were supposed to be consumed in Spain. The production of cocoa had been languishing in the Caraccas for several years previously to the commencement of the disturbances in South America; and latterly the cultivation

eaten.

of one or other of the great staples of cotton, sugar, and coffee, seems to have been, in most parts, gaining the ascendancy. (Humboldt, Pers. Narrative, vol. iv. pp. 236-247.

Eng. trans.)

Duties. Consumption in England. - Down to a late period the consumption of cocoa in England was confined within very narrow limits; a result which we are inclined to ascribe to the oppressiveness of the duties with which it has been loaded, and not to its being unsuitable to the public taste. It is now many years since Mr. Bryan Edwards declared that the ruin of the cocoa plantations, with which Jamaica once abounded, was the effect of "the heavy hand of ministerial exaction." (Hist. of West Indies, ii. 363. ed. 1819.) And, unaccountable as it may seem, this pressure was not materially abated till 1832, when the duties on cocoa from a British possession were reduced from 6d. to 2d per lb. And such has been the influence of this judicious measure, that the consumption of cocoa, which, at an average of the 3 years ending with 1831, amounted to 440,578 lbs. a year, had increased, at an average of the 3 years ending with 1842, to 2,072,332 lbs.! It is seen from the accompanying table that the duty on foreign cocoa continued from 1830 down to 1842 to be (generally 6d. per lb.,) three times as great as that on coffee from a British possession; and in consequence of this enormous discrepancy, none of it was entered for home consumption under the duty, though it is worthy of remark that cocoa for the navy, which pays no duty, is almost always taken from foreign stock. In 1842 the duty on cocoa from a British possession was farther reduced 1. per lb. ; and it might have been expected that the ratio of protection in favour of plantation cocoa would then, also, have been diminished; but, on the contrary, it has been increased from 300 to 400 per cent., the duty on foreign cocoa being at this moment 4d. per lb.

Cocoa nut husks and shells may be imported and entered for consumption on paying a duty (if from a British possession) of about d. per lb. They are brought not only from the West Indies, but from Gibraltar and other places, being the refuse of the chocolate manufactories carried on in them. Cocoa cannot be entered as being the produce of a British possession in America, or of the Mauritius, until the master of the ship by which it is imported delivers to the collector or comptroller a certificate, and declares that the goods are the produce of such places.- (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 52. § 37.) Neither shall they be deemed to be the produce of such places, unless imported direct from thence.-(7 Geo. 4. c. 48.) No abatement of duty is made on account of any damage received by cocoa. - (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 52. §32.) An Account of the Quantity, in Pounds Weight, of Cocoa imported into the United Kingdom, in each Year from 1832 down to 1842, both inclusive, specifying the Quantities annually entered for Home Consumption, the Rates of Duty, and the Total Annual Produce of the Duty: -Also, a similar Return for Cocoa Husks and Shells.

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Sources of Supply.-Trinidad furnishes by far the largest proportion of the cocoa brought from the British West Indies, the imports from that island, in 1841, having amounted to 2,493,302 lbs., while the imports from all the other islands amounted to only 426,996 lbs. 1 Of 5,014,681 lbs. cocoa imported in 1841, 2.920,298 lbs. were brought from the West India colonies, 1,802,547 lbs. from Columbia, and 269,794 from Brazil.

British plantation cocoa was worth in bond in the London market, in June 1843, from 34s. to 40s. a cwt.

COCO, COKER, OR, more properly, COCOA NUTS (Ger. Kokonüsse; Du. Kokosnooten; Fr. and Sp. Cocos; It. Cocchi; Rus. Kokos; Sans. Narikela), the fruit of a species of palm tree (Cocos nucifera Lin.). This tree is common almost every where within the tropics, and is one of the most valuable in the world. It grows to the height of from 50 to 90 feet; it has no branches, but the leaves are from 12 to 14 feet in length, with a very strong middle rib. The fruit is nearly as large as a man's head; the external rind is thin, tough, and of a brownish red colour; beneath this there is a quantity of very tough fibrous matter, which is used in many countries in the manufacture of cordage, and coarse sail-cloth-(see COIR); within this fibrous coating is the shell of the nut, which is nearly globular, very hard, susceptible of a high polish, and used for many domestic purposes; the kernel is white, in taste and firmness resembling that of a hazel nut; it is hollow in the interior, the hollow being filled with a milky fluid. While the nut is green, the whole hollow of the shell is filled with fluid, which is refreshing, agreeable, and pleasant to the taste. The solid part of the ripe kernel is extremely nutritious, but rather indigestible. The kernels yield by expression a great deal of oil,. which, when recent, is equal to that of sweet almonds; but it soon becomes rancid, and is then employed by painters. A tree generally yields about 100 nuts, in clusters near

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