Liberal Party, their position in 1874
as the Opposition, cxl. 583, 589
estrangement of the landed
interest from, cxxxv. 288, 289;
their principles shared by the na-
tion, 290
their loose attachment to
party, cxxxix. 275; gradations of
opinions among, ib.; those diffe-
rences no sign of unhealthiness
in the party, 276; supposed alie-
nation of working-men' from,
277; their services to popular ed-
ucation, 281
Liberty, the term defined, cxiv. 472
Libraries, cxxxix. 1; modern faci-
lities of access to, ib.; Mr. Edwards'
works on, 2; ancient period of,
ib.; testimony of classical writers,
3; the Ulpian Library, ib.; in
Egypt and Greece, ib.; collections
of Greek books at Rome, 4; num-
bers of books, 5; voluminous cha-
racter of early writings, ib.; Con-
stantine's library, 8; separation of
Greek and Latin collections, 9;
mediæval period, ib.; monastic li-
braries, 10, 13; ecclesiastical col-
lections in England, ib., 14; Arabs
and Moors, 15; modern epoch
from revival of letters, ib.; Medi-
cean and Urbinian libraries, 16; of
Corvinus, ib.; researches of mo-
dern scholars, 17; the Seraglio
Library, ib.; collections of the
15th century, 18; the Vatican Li-
brary, 19, 23; Imperial libraries at
Vienna and Paris, ib.; barrenness
of the 16th century, 24; slow ac-
cumulation of printed books, ib.;
article in Vol. CIX. of Edinburgh
Review referred to, ib.; the Natio-
nal Library at Paris, 25; M. Gui-
zot's reforms, 29; new building of
Napoleon III., 30; its arrange-
ment and contents, 31,
35;
Impe-
rial Library of St. Petersburg, 35,
37; library of the British Museum,
37, 43
Libraries in Great Britain, the three
chief, cxxxi. 200
Licensing Bill (1871), failure and
withdrawal of, cxxxiv. 579, 580
Licensing Act (1872), an important
step towards securing national so-
briety, cxxxvii. 404; its wise
policy of compromise, ib; limita-
tion of hours for keeping public-
houses open, 405; its leading ob-
jects, 406
Licensing Laws Amendment Act
(1874), cxl. 553, 554
Liddell (Mr.), his suit before the
Privy Council, cxxi. 176
Liebig (Professor, b. 1803), his ser-
vices to agriculture, cxxiii. 195
his satire on theories of fer-
mentation, cxxv. 406
Liége, democratic government of,
cxix. 544; subjection of, to the
House of Burgundy, 545; visited
with the Papal interdict, ib.; sur-
renders to Charles the Bold, 547;
the 'Piteous Peace,' ib.; revolts
against Charles, 551; his severe
terms of peace, ib.; perfidy of
Louis XI. to, 552; renewed out-
break at, 556; the town reduced
to ruin by Charles, 557
Miss Berry's account of, in
1783, cxxii. 304
'Lièvin, St., the Fools of,' cxix. 550
Life, theory of interdependence of
living beings, cxi. 494
notions attached to vital
forces, cxxxiii. 153; relations of,
with the force of Volition, 154;
unsatisfactory definitions of, 167;
inherent idea of Time, ih.; no
crucial proof available, 168; as-
cending series of, on the earth, ib. ;
spontaneous theory of, 169; vast
quantity of, 170; attributable only
to Omnipotence, 175
materialist and vitalist theo-
ries respecting, cxxxvi. 216; rela-
tion of the blood to, 217; first steps
of vital organisation, 222; food-
substance, and formed substance, b. ; living substance or Bioplasm, ib.; formation of 'vesicles,' 223; spread of disease-germs, 233 Life, physical law of reparation and decay, cxl. 162
Lifeboats, recommendations for supply and inspection of, cxv. 165 Life-boat Institution, National, important services of, cxv. 162; recommendations of, 165
Lifford (Lord), his Irish Chancellor
ship from 1767 to 1789, cxxxiv. 63; judgment of, referred to by Lord Cairns, 64
Light, theories of wave-motion applied to sound, cxxvii. 110, 117 Lights, floating, cxv. 182 Lightfoot (Hannah), supposed attachment of George III. for, cxxvi. 41; the story exploded by Mr. Thoms, ib. note Lighthouses, complaint of Commissioners on insufficient supply of, on British coasts, cxv. 169; Commissioners of Northern, 175; anomalous system of management, 176; tonnage-rate, 177; modes of illumination, 179; electric light, 180; expense of erection, 181 'Lightning,' H.M.S., deep-sea explorations of, cxxxv, 453 Liharzik (Dr. F. P.), his 'Law of Increase, and the Structure of Man,' cxl. 178; his diagrams, 179; his theory of height and growth, 182
Lille, cession of, to the French, cxvi.
526; capitulates to Eugene, ib. Limehouse, etymology of, cxxxi. 173 and note
Limerick, failure of William's first attack on, cxxi. 516; the second siege and capture, 517 Limited Liability Companies, export of capital caused by, cxxi. 233, 235
Linacre (Dr. Thomas, 1460-1524), portraits of, cxxv. 432
Linant (M.), his exploration of the
White Nile, cxviii. 208 Lincoln (Abraham, President U.S.), his Presidential election the signal for Secession, cxiii. 558; his early life, 564; his unsatisfactory Address, 585
conflicts preceding his election, cxiv. 575
his letter to Horace Greely. on Slavery and the Union, cxvi. 554; motives of his proclamation of emancipation, 556
his absurd scheme of negro deportation, cxix. 223
his plan of operations against Richmond, cxxi. 268
contrasted with Buchanan,
his conduct in the Sumter affair, cxxiv. 188
Lindsay (Sir David, of the Mount, about 1490-1557), his poems recently re-edited, cxxv. 251 Lindsay, Lord (the present, b. 1847), his expedition to observe the transit of Venus, cxxxviii. 165
Linen trade, growth of, in Forfarshire, cxx. 336, 344
Lingard (Dr. John, 1769–1851), on
English rights of sovereignty in
Scotland, cxxvi. 241
Linnæus (Charles von Linné, 1707–
1778), on the natural origin of
species, as distinct from classifica-
tion, cxi. 532
his twofold division of aboriginal mankind, exvii. 541
his definition of species, cxxviii. 416 Linth (M. Escher von der), his observations on the Aletsch glacier, cxiii. 233
Lippi (Fra Filippo, d. 1488), stories.
of his life discredited, cxxii. 98; his love for Lucrezia Buti, ib.; his exquisite paintings, 99 Lisbon, Earthquake of (1755),
cxxxvi. 193; restoration of the
city, 195
Lissa, Austrian naval victory at,
cxxxvi. 586
Literature, present tendency of, to
become a profession, cxx. 45
national histories of, cxxi.
290; M. Taine's theory of pagan
revival, 299
composed of thought and
style, cxxix. 497; English and
French, compared, 498; the
'Grand style' in, 500
censorship of, by the Church
of Rome, cxxx. 323
modern sensational school of,
cxxxiv. 93, 95
Literature (early national), revived
study of, in England, cxxv. 223;
in Germany, 225; in France, 228;
recent French works on, 229
English. See English Litera-
Literary pseudonyms, cxx. 438
Lithocrome printing, early discovery
of, in Japan, cxiii. 67
Lithuania, recent insurrection in,
cxxxii. 57; early history of, 58
Lithuanian literature, barrenness of,
cxl. 255
Littleton (Mr.) See Hatherton, Lord
Littré (M.), his excellent French dic-
tionary, cxxv. 230
Liturgy (the English), required re-
vision of, cxiii. 8; opposed by
the clergy, 10; pamphlets in
favour of revision, 12, 15; points
at issue, 18; controverted points
should be expressed in the plain
words of Scripture, 25; appoint-
ment of a commission suggested,
to report on the question of revi-
sion, 28; episcopal opinions on,
30; revisionists accused of exclu-
siveness, 35
Liverpool (Robert Banks Jenkinson,
2nd Earl of, d. 1828), advises the
retreat of the British troops
from the Peninsula, cxvi. 60
Liverpool (Robert Banks Jenkinson,
2nd Earl of), his easy-going weak-
ness, cxxxi. 572; character of his
administration, 573; incohesion of
his Cabinet, 575
Livingston (Edward, 1764-1836),
his Life by Mr. Hunt, cxx. 189;
merits of his biography, ib.; his
Scottish descent, ib. 190; anecdote
of his boyhood, 192; his early
training, b.; his success at the
Bar, 193; elected to Congress,
194; his speech against the Alien
Bill, 196; appointed Attorney
and Mayor of New York, 197;
his scheme for opening public
workshops, ib.; his lively disposi-
tion, 198; his neglect of public
accounts, ib. 199; his offer of re-
paration, 199; removes to New
Orleans, 200; anecdote of, as a
Freemason, 201; his second mar-
riage, ib.; General Wilkinson's
accusation against him, 202; the
Batture controversy, 203; his new
Criminal Code for Louisiana, 204,
208; rejection of his scheme, ib. ;
foreign testimony to its merits,
211; his views on the American
Constitution, ib.; re-elected to
Congress, ib.; becomes Senator
for Louisiana, 212; on the nature
of the Federal compact, b.; ap-
pointed Secretary of State, 213;
his literary services to De Tocque-
ville, 214; his mission as Pleni-
potentiary to France, ib.; his
death, 215; his improvidence, b.;
Mr. Bancroft's eulogy of him, 216
Livingstone(Dr., 1817-1874), his pre-
judices against sport, cxxiv. 167
Livius (Titus, b. B.C. 59), fate of his
second Decade, cxxiv. 357
early MSS. of his first De-
cade, cxxxvii. 66; history of his
collected writings, 91
Livonia. See Baltic Provinces
Local Government, anomalies of, in
rural districts, cxxxv. 273; county
administration, 274; parishes, 275; Mr. Goschen's Bill of 1871, ib. Local nomenclature, historical and ethnological importance of, cxi. 356; antiquity of, in England and abroad, 357; prevalence of family names in, 376
Local taxation. See Taxation, Local Locke (John, 1632-1704), on the Darien expedition, cxv. 11
Mr. Austin's admiration of his intellect, cxviii. 482 and note
on the distinctive character of idiocy, cxxii. 45
his theory on Money anticipated, cxxiii. 84
on Probability and Assent, cxxxii. 397; his definition of Faith, 400
doctrines of, borrowed by Berkeley, cxxxv. 22 Locker (Frederick), his 'London Lyrics,' cxl. 355; his excellence in light verse, 375; his liveliness and humour of surprise, 376; his 'Story of a Muff,' ib. ; unobtrusive moral teachings, 378; his power of spontaneity, 379
Lodi, the Church of Bramante at, cxviii. 82
Loftus, Irish Chancellors of that name, cxxxiv. 53, 55
Lombard (M. Alexandre), his memorials of Huguenot persecution, cxxxviii. 211
Lombards, residence of, in early
London, cxxxi. 174
Lombardy, political formation of,
cxiii. 266
Lôme (M. Dupuy de), his construc-
tion of iron-plated ships in France,
cxviii. 168
London, growth of the Roman city,
cxi. 362
architectural poverty of, cxv. 541; injudicious position of public monuments, 545; inventory of statues in, 549; the Monument and Nelson's Column, 554
London, postal districts established in, cxx. 76
former want of public gal
leries in, cxxiii. 57
social condition of, in the early part of George III.'s reign, cxxvi. 30
discreditable anarchy of government in, cxxix. 297
need of opening new squares in, cxxx. 463; trees suited for, 467
topography of, an epitome of its history, cxxxi. 155; voluminous writings on, ib.; value of parish histories, 156; derivations of the word, 157; obscure early history, ib.; a Roman military station, ib. ; street-names indicating their occupation, 158; its military character retained after the Romans, 159; Saxon associations, ib.; evidences of ancient guilds, 160; names of ancient City churches, ib.; antiquity of suburban topography, ib.; evidences of early natural features, ib.; names derived from streams and rivulets, 162; veneration for holy wells, 163; three periods in the history of, 164; religious houses, 165; local names of mendicant orders, 166; privileges of Broad Sanctuary, &c., ib. ; residences of abbots and bishops, 167; houses of nobility in the City, 168; wild aspect of the 'West End,' ib.; irregularity of the City streets, ib.; early City regulations, 169; royal palaces therein, ib.; origin of the 'Inns,' 170; names associated with early import trade, ib.; ancient markets, 171; guild regulations, 172; localities assigned to trades, ib. 173; early mention of sea-coal, isolation of foreigners, ib.; curious corruptions of street-names, 174; civic celebrities perpetuated, 175; monastic houses transferred
to the nobility, ib. 170; westward
movement of fashion, ib.; clergy
ousted from the Strand, 177;
change of royal residences, 178;
degeneration of the Drury Lane
district, ib.; Faithorne's map of
1658, 179; causes of westward
exodus of the nobility, 181; local
separation of trade and fashion,
ib.; City unfashionable in Charles
II.'s reign, ib.; rise of the Blooms-
bury district, 182; and of Soho,
183; court attractions at White-
hall, 184; street-names near
Piccadilly, 185; north-west ex-
tension of fashion, 186; Oxford
Street built, ib.: Cavendish and
Portland estates, ib.; Tottenham
Manor, 187; expansion of northern
suburbs, ib.; residence of Court at
Kensington, 188; origin of Bel-
gravia, ib.; present system of street-
nomenclature, 189; compilations
of the Board of Works, ib.; list
of repetitions, ib.; selection of
future street-names, 190; calen-
dar of worthies, ib.; indiscrimi-
nate hero-worship, 191; curiosi-
ties of street-literature, 192;
meaningless and bewildering con-
ceits, 193
London, defective district telegraphy
in, cxxxii. 225
returns from early guilds in,
cxxxiv. 349
area of the City, cxxxvii. 9
note; its day population, ib.;
enormous growth of its popula-
tion, 462
London Magazine, reminiscences of
its early contributors, cxxiv. 268,
270
London University, Roman Catholic
graduates at, cxxxv. 183
London, water supply of, cxxiii.
384; early abundance of, ib.; re-
cent dry summers, 385; needs of
other large towns, 387; statistics
since 1850, 389; notorious defici-
ency in poor districts, 390; Mr.
Godwin's descriptions, 392; testi-
mony of Mr. Simon as to the City,
394; and of Dr. Letheby, 395;
expenditure of water companies,
396; estimate of future require-
ments, 397; present sources of
supply, ib. 398; diminution of the
Thames, ib.; need of storage
reservoirs, 399; quality of Thames
water, 400; nature of impurities,
401; evidence of Dr. Hassall,
404; evidence during the cholera
of 1853-4, 406; geological sub-
stratum of London, 410; new
sources of water supply, ib.; wells
sunk to the chalk, 411; average
rainfall, 413; scheme of Artesian
wells, ib.; proposed supply from
North Wales, 414, 415; Mr. Bate-
man's scheme thereon, ib. 418;
objections to hard water, ib.;
amount of waste, 419; supply for
fires, ib.; future prospects, 422
Londonderry (Robert Stuart, Marquis
of, 1769-1822). See Castlereagh,
Viscount
(Charles Stewart Vane, Mar-
quis of, 1778-1854), his character,
cxv. 537; his military courage,
538; sympathy with foreign des-
pots, 539
Long v. Bishop of Cape Town, ul-
terior importance of the case,
as affecting the status of the
Church in the Colonies, cxviii.
582; judgment of 15th February,
1862, 583; issue on appeal before
the Privy Council, 584; final
judgment reinstating Mr. Long,
585
Longevity, Scriptural, cxxi. 69
instances of royal, cxxxi. 459
scepticism of Sir G. C. Lewis
on, cxxxii. 100
Longman (W.), his Three Cathe-
drals of St. Paul's,' cxxxviii. 452 ;
his impartial research, 454; his
admiration of Wren's design, 455
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