Notes and Reflections during a Ramble in Germany. Boston,

1829. 12mo.

The same, London, 1827. 8vo.

Render Tour through Germany. London, 1811. 2 vols. 8vo. Russell: Tour in Germany, in 1820-22. Boston, 1825. 8vo. Sketches of Germany and the Germans, in 1834-5. By a Resident Englishman. London, 1836. 2 vols. 12mo.

Stael, Madame de : De l'Allemagne. Paris, 1818. 2 vols. 12mo.

Perhaps her best book; but exaggerating everything except the learning and diligence of the Germans. It was the main cause of their coming so much into the fashion they have ever since enjoyed, even in their worst taste and wildest philosophy. To the above may be added Townson's Travels in Hungary; Cogan's Journey on the Rhine; Hodgskin's North of Germany; Cassini's Relation de deux Voyages. Paris, 1765. 4to; and his 2d Relation. Paris, 1775. 4to Sestini, Viaggio per Valachia, Ungheria, &c.

Agassiz Journey to Switzerland. London, 1833. 8vo. Cooper, J. F.: Sketches of Switzerland. Philadelphia, 1836. 2 vols. 12mo.

The same, part second. 1837. 12mo.

Coxe: Travels in Switzerland. Dublin, 1789. 2 vols. 8vo.

He gives the best traveller's account of the political institutions of Switzerland.

Macneven Ramble through Switzerland, in 1802. Dublin, 1803. 8vo.

:

Simon Journal of a Tour and Residence in Switzerland, in 1817-19. Boston, 1822. 2 vols. 8vo.

Stolberg (already mentioned) may be referred to; also, Helen Williams's Travels in Switzerland; Zurlauben's Tableaux de la Suisse; Sinner's Voyage Historique et Littéraire dans la Suisse occidentale; Robert, Voyage dans les treize Cantons; and the picturesque works of Beaumont, already mentioned.

CHAPTER XXI.

GEOGRAPHY. Travels in the Scandinavian and Sclavonic States.

Acerbi: Travels through Sweden, Finland, and Lapland. London, 1802. 2 vols. 4to.

Catteau General View of Sweden. London, 1790. 8vo. Henderson; Journal of a Residence in Iceland, in 1814, 15. Boston, 1831. 12mo.

Hooker Journal of a Tour in Iceland, in 1809. London, 1813. 2 vols. 8vo.

Johnston: Travels through part of Russia and Poland. New-York, 1816. 8vo.

Landor: Adventures in the North of Europe, illustrative of the Poetry and Philosophy of Travel. London, 1836. 2 vols.

12mo.

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Constable's Miscellany, vol. 38, Polygraphs.

Porter: Travelling Sketches in Russia and Sweden. Philadelphia, 1809.

8vo.

Ritchie, Leitch: Russia and the Russians. Philadelphia, 1836. 12mo.

Russia and Siberian Tartary. Constable's Miscellany, Polyraphs.

Paulus Jovius's Legatio Moscovitarum (given in Grynæus), and the voyages in the first part of Hakluyt, are the earliest information as to Russia, &c. Chantreau, Coxe, Pleschééf, Sauer, Tooke, Pallas, Guldenstaedt, for Russia : Consett, Molesworth, Swinton, Boisgelin, Thomson, Fabricius, Linnæus, as to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark: Linnæus, as to Lapland: Troil, Stewart Mackenzie, and Henderson, as to Iceland, are the best later authorities. In Bishop Heber's life (by his widow), his Journal of Travels through the countries belonging to this section, and among the Cossacs, may be found. Le Clerc has given, in French, a General History of Russia, Ancient and Modern, 6 vols. 4to., and Atlas folio. Storch has left a good Picture of Petersburg, London, 1801, 8vo.

GEOGRAPHY.

CHAPTER XXII.

Travels in Asia, several Parts.

See, in preceding Sections, various Travels in Pinkerton and the other General Collections. Also, among Travels in Several Quarters of the Globe, Abu-Taleb, Clark, Turner, Hanway, De Guignes, Badia y Leblich, Langsdorff, Benyowsky. Also, in Sir W. Jones's Works (Polygraphy), vol. XII., a Geography of Asia.

There is also a collection, printed by Vander Aa, with Introduction by Bergeron, of early voyages in several parts of Asia, entitled Voyages faits principalement en Asie, dans les 12e, 13e, 14e, et 15e siècles. Hague, 1735. 2 vols. 4to. Maritti's Travels in Cyprus, Syria, &c.; Klaproth's Letters on the Caucasus, Georgia, &c.; Morier's First and Second Journeys through Persia, Armenia, &c.; Ouseley's Travels in the East; Kinneir's Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan; Bernier's Travels, and Stavorinus's, are all much esteemed. The Oriental Geography of Ebn Haukal, translated by Ouseley, and D'Herbelot's Biblothèque Oriental, Galland's edition, are important; as also Sonnerat's Voyages aux Indes Orientales et à la Chine.

GEOGRAPHY.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Travels in Asia Minor and the Levant.

Arundell: Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia; with an Excursion

8vo.

Leake Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor. London, 1824. Mengou Narrative of a Greek Soldier; containing Anecdotes of the Greeks and Turks in Asia Minor, &c. New-York, 1830. 12mo.

Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor; Chishull, Tournefort, and Dallaway (already mentioned); D'Hosson's Tableau de l'Empire Othoman, are important. The much-disputed question as to Troy belongs also to this section. On it, Chevalier's, Bryant's, Moritz's, Wood's books, with Gell's Topography of Troy, are the main books; but good notices upon the matter are also found in Edward Daniel Clark's Travels, and in Hobhouse's Albania. The question, in its philological grounds, is most largely treated in Wolfe's Prolegomena to his Homer. It is more succinctly handled in Heyne's, Knight's, and Trollope's editions of the same poet. Wood's Remains of Palmyra (London, 1753, atlas, folio), and his Ruins of Balbec, 1757, same form, are also important, but expensive books.

CHAPTER XXIV.

GEOGRAPHY. Asia.

Travels in Arabia and Syria.

Burckhardt: Travels in Arabia. London, 1829. 2 vols. 8vo. Helon Pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Boston, 1825. 2 vols. 12mo. Hogg, T. J.: Visit to Damascus and Jerusalem during the Campaign of Ibrahim Pacha. London, 1835. 12mo.

James: Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land, in 1823, 4. Boston, 1826. 12mo.

Laborde, De: Journey through Arabia Petræa to Mount Sinai, &c. London, 1836. 8vo.

Lamartine, Alphonse de: Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, in 1832, 3. Philadelphia, 1835. 2 vols. 12mo.

: Narrative of the Residence of Fatalla Sayeghu among the Arabs of the Great Desert. Philadelphia, 1836. 12mo. Russell: Palestine; or, the Holy Land. (Family Library.) NewYork, 1832. 18mo.

(Stephens): Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, &c. New-York, 1837. 2 vols. 12mo.

Bochart is the main systematic writer on the geography of the Holy Land. A tract by Eusebius, in St. Jerome's works; the Itinerary, called that of Jerusalem (in Ortelius's Theatrum Geographiæ Vet.); some pieces in Bongarsius's Gesta Dei; Calmet's Dictionary and Commentary; the Apparatus to Walton's

D

Polyglott; parts of the works of Lightfoot, Reland, Bingham, and Usher, form the remaining works of authority. Pococke's, Tournefort's, Hasselquist's, Maundrel's, La Roque's, and other travels, illustrate the matter. Of Arabia, Abulfeda's description is the oldest. The elder Neibuhr's two works, his Description of Arabia and his Travels, are the most esteemed modern books.

Buckingham: Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, &c.; with Illustrations of the Voyage of Nearchus. London, 1830.

2 vols. 8vo.

Burnes, Lieutenant: Travels into Bokhara.

2 vols. 12mo.

Philadelphia, 1835.

Fraser, James B.: Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York, 1834. 18mo.

Kotzebue : Journey into Persia, in the Suite of the Imperial Embassy. Philadelphia, 1820. 8vo.

Rich, Claudius J.: Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan and on the Site of Nineveh; with Voyage down the Tigris to Bagdad; and a Visit to Shiraun and Persepolis. London, 1836. 2

vols. 8vo.

Stoequeler, J. H.: Fifteen Months' Pilgrimage through Untrodden Tracks of Persia, &c., in 1831, 2. London, 1832. 2 vols.

12mo.

See, in preceding sections, Abu Taleb, Badia, Hanway, and the several authors in Pinkerton's and other Collections.

There is a collection in Italian, by the brothers Zeni, Commentarii del Viaggio in Persia; Sestini's two Journeys, da Costantinopoli a Bassora, and Ritorno; the Travels of Mandelso to India from Persia, published by Olearius; Leandro's two Journeys to Persia and Mesopotamia (in Italian); Scott Waring's Tour to Sheeraz; Kotzebue's Voyage en Perse; Morier's two Journeys, Sir R. K. Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, and Armenia; Fraser's Khorasan; and especially the old book of Chardin; all of which are of value. Le Bruyn (already mentioned) gives excellent views of the cities and general face of the country. His account of Persepolis is good.

CHAPTER XXVI.

GEOGRAPHY. Asia. Travels in Hither and Farther India.

Bartolomeo Voyages to the East Indies. London, 1800. 8vo. Blok, R. History of the Island of Celebes. Calcutta, 1817. 4

:

vols. 8vo.

Cordiner: Description of Ceylon, &c. London, 1807. 2 vols. 4to. Dubois, Abbé : Description of the Character, Manners, and Customs

of the People of India, and of their Institutions, Religious and Civil. Philadelphia, 1818. 2 vols. 8vo.

East India Sketch-Book: comprising an Account of the Present State of Society in Calcutta, Bombay, &c. New-York, 1836. 12mo.

:

Ellis Journal of an Embassy from England to China, in 1816. Philadelphia, 1818. 8vo.

Forbes, James: Oriental Memoirs; a Narrative of Seventeen Years' Residence in India. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.

: Illustrations of the above, with Explanatory Notices. 4to. Fraser Journal of a Tour through the Himala Mountains. London, 1820. 4to.

Hall, Basil: Voyage to the Eastern Seas, in 1816. New-York, 1827. 12mo.

Heber, Bishop: Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, in 1824, 5. Philadelphia, 1829. 2 vols. 12mo.

India, Historical and Descriptive Account of British, from the most Remote Period to the Present Time. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York, 1832. 3 vols. 18mo.

Java: Sketches, Military and Civil, of the Island and its Immediate Dependances, comprising Interesting Details of Batavia, and Authentic Particulars of the Celebrated Poison-tree. London, 1812. 8vo.

Kirkpatrick Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul. London, 1811.

4to.

Letters by a Traveller in Hindostan. New-York, 1817. 12mo. Mundy: Pen and Pencil Sketches of a Tour in India. London, 1833. 2 vols. 8vo.

Plates of Scenes in India. London, 1805. 4to.

Raffles Mission to Siam and Hué, in 1821, 2. Loudon, 1826. 8vo.

Roberts, Emma: Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan.

delphia, 1836. 2 vols. 12mo.

Phila

Robertson, William: Disquisition on Ancient India, and the (European) Trade with it before the Discovery of the Passage by the Cape of Good Hope. Philadelphia, 1812. 8vo.

Symes Embassy to Ava. In Constable's Miscellany, vols. 8 and 9, Polygraphs.

Tenant Indian Recreations; Domestic and Rural Economy of the Mohammedans and Hindoos. London, 1804. 2 vols. 8vo. Ward: View of the History, Literature, Religion, and Manners of the Hindoos. Hartford, 1826. 12mo.