Imatges de pàgina
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lip as red as the bimba fruit ': दीयॅ जङ्के यस्याः सा दीर्घजङ्काङ्क्षी 'ons having long legs,' hence 'a she-camel'; &fif (ini ay यस्याः सा ) fair-bodied; सुपुच्छा-च्छी; &o,

(a ) but if पुच्छ be preceded by कबर, मणि, and विष; or if पुच्छ and be used in a Bah. involving comparison, the fem. is formed in only; est, 'one having a variegated plumage' i, e. 'a peahen'; er ‘a hall having its sides like the wings of an owl'; उलूकपुच्छी सेना 'an army with its rear arrayed in the shape of the tail of an owl.'

§ 330. *A Bah, ending in E and F and used as a proper name forms its fem. in आः शूर्पणखा, गोरमुखा ; but ताम्रमुखी 'a girl having a ruddy face.'

§ 331.

Names of the limbs of the body, preceded by words denoting a cardinal point in a compound, form their fem, in : pagat, &c.

§ 332. A Bali. ending in (bstituted for ) optionally forms its fem. in ई before which it is changel to पद; व्याघ्रस्य यस्याः सा व्याघ्रपाद्-पदी, द्विपाद-पदा; anl in आ when पाद पार्श means ‘a foot of a Vedic verse'; fÊÎ HA, TRIT &c.

(a) Bat if पाइ be preceded by one of the worls कुम्न, शूल, तृणहंस, क्राक्र, कृष्ण, सूकर, &c, the fem. is necessarily formed in ई, पाबू, changing into as before; a woman whose feet are as

big as a pitcher'.

(b) In other cases the fem, of prátipadikas ending in qe is formed by adding आ; हस्तिपादा, अजपादा, &c.

• नखमुखात्संज्ञायाम् । Pan. IV. 1. 58. † feaqdıq-sty | Pán, IV, 1, 60.

* पादोन्यतरस्याम् | टाबूचि | Pãu IV. 1. 8, 9.

§ 333,

* A Dwigu ending in forms the fem. in ; as FT; but if the ending word be one of those included in the Ajadi group (see foot-note on p. 194) its fem. is formed in ; as far; त्र्यनीका consisting of three battalions सेना, &c.

§ 334. (a) A Dwigu ending in 13 † (a particular measure) and qualifying a word denoting a field' has its fem. formed by the addition of, but when a Taddhita affix has been first added to it and then dropped; as द्वे काण्डे प्रमाणं अस्याः असौ द्विकाण्ड + 40=f£H/°ST & ‘a piece of land 30 hands in extent; but fanost tes: ‘a rope 30 hands in length'; also when the ending word is one that does not denote a measure, except the words fa, ‘a tola’, भाचित ‘the load of a cart', and कंबल्या (a weight equal to : ð: Kiar qurar, dì fazi qadira fafazar

tolas);

Ricî; so zarfar, fañacur,

(b) ‡ When the word

expressive of measurement ends a Dwigu and the Taddhita affix is added and dropped as before; its fem. is formed both in आ and ई; द्वो पुरुषौ प्रमाण अस्याः द्विपुरुषा

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'a ditch two purushas (13 feet) in depth'.

§ 335. Participles of Parasm, roots take in the fem, and so do adjectives ending in a consonant; qqedî; arai-cat, aradt, zzát, वीयन्ती, महती, &c,

• द्विगोः । अपरिमागबिस्ताचित कम्बल्येभ्यो न तद्धितलुकि । Pán. IA. 1. 21, 22.

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CHAPTER IX.

SECONDARY NOMINAL BASES DERIVED BY THE ADDITION OF THE TADDHITA OR SECONDARY AFFIXES.

§ 336. The terminations used to form derivative bases, in Sanskt, are distinguished into two classes: (1) Krt () or Primary Affixes and (2) Taddhita (♬f) or Secondary affixes. Krt are those affixes that are added to verbs, and the Nominal bases formed by their means are called PRIMARY NOMINAL BASES; while TADDHITA affixes are those that are added to substantives, primary or derived from roots, and the bases formed with them are called SECONDARY NOMINAB BASES (Vide § 178).

§ 337. In this chapter we will treat of the more general secondary nominal bases formed by means of the Taddhita affixes, reserving for a future chapter the formation of the primary nominal bases derived by means of the Krt affixes from roots.

§ 338. The Taddhita affixes are added in various senses. They occasion various changes in the words to which they are added. The following general observations should be paid attention to.

(a) As a general rule the first vowel of a word takes its Vṛddhi substitute before the terminations अ, य, इक, ईन, एय, त्य, &c; as अश्वपति+अ=आश्वपति + अ;

(b) Before terminations beginning with a vowel or (1) the final, and are rejected; (2) and take their Guna substitute; (3) and obey the ordinary rules of sandhi; आश्वपति+अ=आवपत 'belonging to Asrapati', &c. m. n.; मनु + अ = मानवः 'a descendant of Manu'; गो + य = गव्यं cow', so नाव्यं fr. नौ, &c.

'belonging to a

(c) In the case of derivatives from compound words some

times the initial vowel of the second word takes its Vṛddhi substitute, and sometimes the Vṛddhi is double; and belonging to the last year'; similarly सुपांचालक: &c.; सौहार्द fr. सुहव सौभाग्य from सुभग, &c. When these terminations are added to a Dw.

comp. both the words of which are the names of deities, Vṛddhi is substituted for the initial vowel of both; 'a sacrifice offered to Agni and the Marut deities,' &c.

and

before

(d) · If the initial vowel of a word be preceded by the of a preposition the or is first changed to or Vrddhi substitute can take place; as व्याकरण + अ = वियाकरण+अ =वैयाकरणः; स्वश्व + अ = सुवश्व + अ = सौवश्वः; similarly सौवस्तिक from स्वस्तिः सौवर fr. स्वर, &c.

(e) Before consonantal Tad. affixes, a final is generally rejected; the final with the preceding vowel is sometimes dropped before vowel terminations and such as begin with य; युवन्-युवत्वं राजन् -राजकं, &c.; आत्मन्- आत्म्य- आत्मीय. There are various exceptions to this latter part of the rule; e. 9. TĦcy fr. राजन्, &c.

N. B.-Other changes the student will easily note from the instances given.

§ 339. The following is a list of such of the Taddhita affixes as are commonly to be met with,

SECTION I.

MISCELLANEOUS AFFIXES.

-is a lded in the sense of:-(1) 'the son of '; as : qcei पुमान् औपगवः 'the son of Upagu; ' so वासुदेव: from वलुदेव पर्वतस्य अपत्यं स्त्री पार्वती 'the daughter of the mountain,' &c. (2) 'the descendant of'; as JEHET 14 S. G.

a

गीत्रापत्यं पुमान् औत्सः 'a descendant of Utsa;' उत्स्तस्य गोत्रापत्यं स्त्री औत्सी ' female descendant of Utsa, (Vide $ 810312.) ; ( 3 ) 'dyed with ;' हरिद्रया रक्तं हारिद्रं वसनं 'a garment dyed with turmeric ' ; (4) made of; ' ' देवदारोविकारः दैवदारवः 'made of the fir tree;' (5) ‘belonging to,’ &c. ; देवस्य अयं दैवः ' belonging to a god;' शर्कराया इदं शार्करं 'of sand; ' ऊर्णाया इदं और्णं वस्त्रं 'a woolen garment,' भैष्मः; belonging to the sultry season' नैश: nocturnal,' सांवत्सर:, ' yearly, &c.; when added to हेमन्त the final त is dropped; हेमन: ' autumnal,' (Vide Sis VI. 55, Ki, XVII, 12. ) . हैमन्तः means 'agreeable in the autumnal season ;' ( 6 ) lord of'; पृथिव्याः ईश्वरः पार्थिवः 'the lord of the earth ;' पञ्चालानां स्वामी पाञ्चालः ‘the king of the Panchalas '; ऐक्ष्वाकः * ' the king of the Ikshvaku country ;' (7) ' a collection of ;' काकानां समूहः काकं; बकानां समूहः बाकं 'a flock of cranes;' similarly मायूरं from मयूर 'a peacock,' कापोतं fr. कपोत ' pigeon ;' भिक्षाणां समूहो भैक्षम् ; गर्भिणीणां समूहो गार्भिणम्, &c. ( 8 ) knowing or studying;' व्याकरणं अधीते वेद वा वैयाकरणः ' one who studies grammar, a grammarian,' ge. ( 9 ) and to form abstract nouns ; मुनेः भावः मौनं ' silence,' युवन्-यौवनं ‘youth;' सुहृद्-सौहार्द ' friendship' ; पृथोर्भावः पार्थवं 'greatness, width.' &c.

अक - forms derivatives with varivous significations : - ( 1 ) उष्ट्रे भवः

औष्ट्रक: 'produced from or relating to a camel,' ग्रीष्मे भवः मैष्मकः ‘produced in the hot season, ' (2) कुलालेन कृतं कौलालकं 'made by a potter' ब्रह्मणा कृतं ब्राह्मकं ' made

* For the declension of such words Vide § 73, a., b.

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