Mackenzie left Tilsit or Memel on 26 June There is a well-known tale (in Aikin's for London with Leveson-Gower's dispatch is incorrect. The writer in The Quarterly Review further points out that although the correspondent referred to and Dr. Rose differ as to the date of Mackenzie's arrival in London, they approximately agree as to the date of his departure. We venture to think,' says the writer, they are both wrong as to when he (Mackenzie) started."

66

He then gives his reason for this opinion, which I think it is desirable to record in N. & Q' as completing the controversy. In the Stafford House Letters,' edited by Lord Ronald Gower, there is a letter written from "Memel on July 3rd, 1807," by Lord Gower to his mother, which concludes as follows:

66 'A Mr. Mackenzie who came with Lord Granville will take this. He was to have been with the army to send information from thence, but as unfortunately he can be no longer useful he is going back."

Evenings at Home,' I think it is) of an idle boy and a lazy boy. The former will not do the work set him, but will do everything else that comes to hand, good, bad, or indifferent. The latter simply does nothing. The active mental condition of the former will, indeed, inevitably lead, sooner or later, to some mischievous diversion, unless the mind is constantly engaged in more profitable employment; so that the terms may be considered virtually synonymous, or at least inseparable. This sequence is well illustrated by Dr. Watts's well-known lines :

For Satan finds some mischief still
For idle hands to do.

8, Royal Avenue, S. W.

J. FOSTER PALMER.

May not Dr. Watts's lines be accountable URLLAD. for the difference?

ARCHBISHOP SANDS (10 S. ix. 289, 357).Mr. H. S. Cowper, F.S.A., the historian of Hawkshead, Lancashire, writes :

"And but a few days ago we found it stated in a new edition of Black's Guide' that Archbishop Sandys was born here. He was, however, born at Esthwaite Hall."-"Hawkshead, its History,' &c.,

which was the day on which the Emperors 1899, p. 23, foot-note.

met on the raft.

Inner Temple.

HARRY B. POLAND.

Heeper, peeper, chimney-sweeper,
Had a wife and couldn't keep her.
Had another, couldn't love her,
O-U-T spells "out."

Y. T.

“IDLE"=MISCHIEVOUS (10 S. ix. 350). -Had it not always this meaning, to a

Hawkshead Hall and Esthwaite Hall are quite a mile apart. This is mentioned lest the former be taken as, say, the centre of S. L. PETTY. a village, which it is not.

In the north transept of Southwell
Minster is an alabaster effigy of Edwin
Sandys, Archbishop of York. The effigy
is of interest as it represents the Archbishop
vested in alb and chasuble, although the
date of his death is July, 1588, thirty years
after Queen Elizabeth's accession. Not-
tinghamshire, in which Southwell is situated,
formed part of the diocese of York from the
seventh century to 1840 ('Southwell Minster,'
Edmunds,
pamphlet, 6 pp., Chesterfield:
reprint from Derbyshire Times of 12 Jan.,
1884).

About twenty years since, when I visited
Southwell Minster, the effigy was in the
position above described.
H. T. POLLARD.

"HER'S" (10 S. ix. 406).—I have remarked with surprise that in 'The Pocket Service-Book,' printed at the University Press, Oxford, "her's " is 80 rendered greater or less extent ? "Idle " certainly in the Lectionary (see Job xxxix. 16), and lazy.' One that your's" disfigures many a page: is an active quality, the others a passive. we have, e.g., "my spirit and your's

does not mean the same as

In The Book of Lessons,' which is due to the Cambridge University Press, the blunder is not made, for blunder I take it to be, having been nourished in that belief; but I find that people of education often write "Your's truly " or " Sincerely your's," and so, to my thinking, spoil a creditable letter. ST. SWITHIN.

DUNGHILL PROVERB (10 S. ix. 227, 413) -Some twenty-seven years ago dunghills were commonly to be seen in front of the houses in the streets of the villages round Morat in Switzerland. At times they were neatly, almost artistically arranged, and my impression is that a plaitwork of braided straw formed a border to them in such cases; but frequently they were mere "muckheaps."

In the kingdom of Württemberg I also observed dunghills before the doors in parishes near Tübingen.

Probably most English villages were in a similar condition early in the nineteenth century. A lady who was born in 1823 once told me that dunghills used to lie "all along the way" through a certain village when she first remembered it. But she did not speak of the place as in any way exceptional; others were as bad.

M. P.

So

only say that they were very inferior etchers, spoiling all the fine work of the paper drawing by their inexpert and clumsy etching. This I judge by the print would not only be from the biting in, but the want of skill in drawing on the metal, which before 1840 was always copper. After about that date or 1850 it was nearly always zinc. I am referring to the prints for the juvenile drama.

There is no doubt, I believe, that when wood engraving came in the artists did not engrave the drawings they made on the wood. Is there a book in which these matters are discussed? Jameson published hundreds of juvenile theatre prints, and on some the names of artist and etcher are stated. I will quote the following inscription on one in full, as it has other interest :

"Theatrical characters No 3.-Mr. Laurent as Rolla in the celebrated spectacle of Cora, as performed at The Royal Circus. Founded on the first part of Kotzebue's Death of Rolla, recently performed under the title of Pizarro, published by J. H. Jameson, 13, Dukes Court, Bow Street,

Covent Garden."

There is no date, but the water-mark is 1816. It is drawn by J. F. Roberts, and

etched by C. Tomkins.

At the Truman sale of prints at Sotheby's Jameson's theatrical portraits for eleven Mr. Sabin bought for stock about twenty of guineas; they had notes by George CruikWith reference to the saying, "Where shank stating whether or no he was the there's muck there's money,' "muck artist. RALPH THOMAS. does not, of necessity, mean manure. "MAKING BUTTONS long as I can remember, it has in the West (10 S. ix. 467).—This Riding of Yorkshire generally meant dirt. phrase occurs in Middleton's 'The Spanish The expression is often used as a sort of Gipsy' (Act IV. sc. iii.), where Sancho philosophical retort in Sheffield, when atten- exclaims, "O Soto, I make buttons! tion is drawn, by a visitor, to a particularly meaning, apparently, "I am in a dreadful dirty-looking manufactory-where Halliwell, in his 'Dictionary of buffing" is carried on, for instance. "What Archaic and Provincial Words,' quotes a dreadful place!" the stranger may ob- from Florio, ed. 1611, pp. 209, 276, his Such a remark meets with an instant tail makes buttons, i.e., he is in great fear.

serve.

66

spoon

response, which, rendered in the recognized dialect of the district, reads: "Ah, my lad, but tha' knows where there's muck there's money!" This, of course, implies that although the particular trade may be a dirty one, it is a money-making one.

Fair Park, Exeter.

HARRY HEMS.

W. HEATH, ARTIST (10 S. ix. 385, 473).I am glad to see MR. HERBERT CLAYTON's note about the Heaths, a family of artists. I only wish he could have given a few more details and dates.

If what he says is correct that most of the early artists were etchers, then I can

funk."

66

BLADUD.

GUIDE," ITS DERIVATION (10 S. ix. 171, 494). Surely we are entitled to some better explanation of guide than the statement that it is from the German weisen, to show." How did the German 8 pass into d? The 'H.E.D.' (or 'N.E.D.') gives the correct solution. The E. guide is merely borrowed from the French guider; and the French guider begins with a gu, which regularly represents a Teutonic w. Guider represents a derivative from a Teutonic base wit-, which is preserved with sufficient clearness in the Old Saxon verb witan, to pay heed to. The idea of " seeing to "

66

led to that of "to watch over, to direct, Brunswick Square and Terrace Commisto guide." The Middle-English witen had sioners." In 1858 Hove village, having a similar sense, as in the Ancren Riwle, begun to grow, was placed under a body p. 14: The vif wittes, thet witeth the called "The West Hove Commissioners." heorte alse wakemen," the five senses, In 1874 the two bodies were amalgamated which watch over the heart like watchmen. to form "The Hove Commissioners.' Their The allusion to the German weisen must, jurisdiction was extended to the adjoining of course, be taken to mean that this German parish of Aldrington 26 Sept., 1893. In word is a more deflected form, ultimately 1894 the Commissioners were abolished deducible from the same Indo-Germanic and an Urban District Council formed. root *weid. The town continued to be governed under the Local Government Board till 1898, when it was incorporated by Royal Charter dated 8 August, and is now governed by a mayor, ten aldermen, and thirty councillors. The population of the borough of Hove in 1904 was 39,305. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

The question asked at p. 171 was quite different, viz., Is the E. guide derived from a word spelt akid, presumably Arabic, as is calmly asserted in a translation of the Moallakat? Of course not; but you can never cure an Englishman who is staggered by an accidental resemblance between an English and Eastern word of rushing, blindly enough, to a rash conclusion.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

HOVE (10 S. ix. 450).-Hove is a parish of equal antiquity with Brighton, being mentioned in Domesday Book as Hov, and deriving from a Saxon word meaning "low-lying." The name Cliftonville was coined by the builders in the fifties for a few new streets to the east of the old village of Hove, but well within the parish boundaries. So to talk about 46 the Cliftonville end of Brighton being called Hove" is absurd. The old name disappeared for all but parochial purposes from the fifties to the eighties, West Brighton coming into favour, but was restored when incorporation came, the Post Office and railway company joining hands with the municipality to give the new borough a separate existence from Brighton in name as well as fact. I thought and hoped the objectionable Cliftonville was obsolete. PERCEVAL LUCAS.

A. C. T. asks for "information as to how the Cliftonville end of Brighton came to be called Hove." A more pertinent inquiry would have been how a portion of the parish of Hove came to be called Cliftonville. Hove was a manor at the time of the Conquest, and has been a parish, at any rate, since the beginning of the thirteenth century, and probably before, whereas Cliftonville is a modern monstrosity in nomenclature. If what A. C. T. wants is an account of the origin of the modern borough of Hove, perhaps the following facts may be of service to him. In 1830 the east portion of the parish of Hove, adjoining Brighton, having been built over, was placed under the government of a new body called "The

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S. ix. 328, 393, 455).-The march for I'm Ninety-Five' was written by Mr. Miller, bandmaster of the 1st battalion Rifle Brigade, at Malta in 1842. It was used on the line of march in the Kaffir war of 1846 and 1851, and at Fort Beaufort in 1852 was adopted as the regimental quick-phal. step, which before was the march from Der Freischütz.' H.M. Queen Victoria approved of it in 1856, and fourteen years later it was adopted by the 95th Foot.