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Fertile shoots trailing, the barren ones upright. Fruit-stalks one or two inches long; from the bosom of the branches. Neck. Shoots from three to six inches, undivided, winged. Wings leafy. Fruit-stalks from the middle of the shoots, one or more in a place. Fence hairy. Capsules reclining. Lid conical, short, blunt. Weis. Sometimes branched, always sending out numerous lateral shoots, which are shorter as they grow nearer to the end of the stem. Leaves very mmerous, pleasant green, narrow, bent back. Dill.

(FERN FEATHER-MOSS. Under the present species Messrs. Hooker and Taylor include H. dubium; also H. fallax, E. Bot. 2127. E.) Marshy places, and near springs. P. March-Summer. H. CRISTA-CASTRENSIS.

(Stems closely pectinated: leaves falcatosecund, ovato-lanceolate, acuminated, serrulate, striated, faintly two-nerved at the base: capsule oblongo-ovate, curved, cernuous: lid conical.

(E. Bot. 2108-Musc. Brit. xxvii. E.)

It very much resembles an ostrich feather from its shining parallel rays, by which, and by its silky hue, it is readily distinguishable. Fructifications seldom to be met with. Linn.

(PLUMY-CRESTED FEATHER-MOSS. H. crista-castrensis. Linn. Hedw. E. Bot. Hook. Rocks, about the roots of trees in dry woods and on the ground in stony soils, rare. Near Hawe Water, Rev. James Dalton. Clova mountains, Scotland. Mr. Drummond. Musc. Brit. E.)

P. March-June.

C. (3) Shoots winged with branches: capsules drooping. H. DUBIUM. Shoots taper-pointed: leaves upright but expanding: capsules oblong, crooked. Dicks.

(E. Bot. 2126. E.)—Dill. 36. 21.

Leaves yellow green, smooth, narrow, spit-pointed, upright on the upper, reflected on the lower shoots. Fruit-stalks often bent and twisted in a young state; afterwards becoming straight. Capsule oblong, crooked when old. Lid short. Involucrum pyramidal, its scales hairpointed. Dill.

(FINE CURVED-LEAVED FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Wet heaths and marshy places. Feb.

H. ABIE'TINUM.

Branches somewhat cylindrical, distant, unequal:

leaves egg-spear-shaped, closely tiled.

(E. Bot. 2037—Musc. Brit. xxv. E.)—Dill. 35. 17-Vaill. 29. 12—II. Ox. xv. row 4. 22, p. 626.

Fruit-stalks from the middle of the rib of the shoot, single, purple, straight, as long as the shoot. Veil upright, awl-shaped, pale. Capsule yellowish red, more bowed back than in any of the rest; edge of the mouth entire, with a short open fringe within. Linn. Shoots two to four inches long, elastic when fresh, brittle when dry. Wings limber, alternate below, opposite and shorter above. Leafits egg-spear-shaped, scored, ending in hairs, closely tiled. Weis. Branches straight. Leaves straight, which distinguishes it from H. Filicinum. Scop. Grows matted together, half upright, sometimes branched, three to five inches long. Side shoots awl

shaped, numerous, opposite, surrounded on every side by small dull yellow green leaves. Dill. No fructification yet found in this country. (FIR-BRANCHED FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Mountainous places. On hills near Hinksey, Oxfordshire. Dillenius. In shady places, and on chalk hills about Northfleet. P. March. H. PRÆLON'GUM. Shoots somewhat winged, trailing, fibrous: branches remote: leaves egg-shaped.

Hedw. Stirp. iv. 29—(E. Bot. 2035—Musc. Brit. xxv. E.)—Dill. 35. 15— Vaill. 23. 9-Buxb. iv. 63. 3.

Leafits serrated. At first sight distinguishable from all other Hypna by its shoots being very long, very closely crowded together, covering the trunks of trees, in broad patches and hanging down. Shoots trailing, very tender, brittle when dry, a span long, or more, clinging to the trees by means of numerous brown, woolly fibres. Leafits small, triangular, ending in a hooked hair, alternate, in a double row. Weis. From a span to a foot in length, doubly winged. Leaves very small, triangular. Fruit-stalks an inch long, purple. Capsules dull green, brown when ripe, short, nodding. Veil pale green, straight. Dill.

(A very variable species, under which Hooker and Taylor comprehend H. Stokesii, E. Bot. 2036; and H. Swartzii. E. Bot. 2034. E.) (LONG TRAILING FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Trunks of trees, decayed wood, and in wet ground. P. Oct.-Feb.

D. (1) Leaves bent back: capsules upright.

H. RUGO'SUM. Shoots scattered, rather upright: leaves pointing one way, wrinkled at the base: fruit-stalks axillary.

Dicks. H. S.-(E. Bot. 2250. E.)—Dill. 37. 24.

Leaves spear-shaped, narrow, sharply pointed, closely tiled. Pol. Shoots seldom more than three inches long, thick, lying on the ground, crowded together, irregularly branched. Leaves exceedingly crowded, dry, crisp, their points in one direction, yellow green, when old or dry quite yellow. The fruit-bearing plants grow a little distant from the others, and have a different appearance. They are thinner, more pointed, the leaves more uniform, and less yellow. Involucrum open, scaly, at the origin of the branches. Fruit-stalks three quarters of an inch high. Capsules cylindrical, straight, slender, red when ripe. Dill.

(YELLOW WOLF'S-CLAW FEATHER-MOSS. (H. rugosum. Linn. Dicks. Sw. Sm. H. rugosum. Hedw. is quite a different plant, represented as H. rugulosum in Musc. Brit. xxvi. E.) In bogs in Scotland. Near Loch Rannoch. Dickson. (On Prestwick Carr, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. E.)

H. FLAGELLA'RE. Shoots creeping: branches upright, rarely divided: leaves spear-shaped, taper-pointed, the ends reflexed.

Dill. 39. 42-(Musc. Brit. xxv. E.)

Leaves small, smooth, not very pellucid; produces its capsules in Sept. Dill.

(MANY-BRANCHED WATER FEATHER-MOSS. H. umbratum. E. Bot. 2565? E.) On stones near rivulets in the Highlands of Scotland. (On dripping rocks in the upper part of Westerowe Dene, west of Wolsingham, Durham. Mr. Winch. E.)

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D. (2) Leaves bent back: capsules leaning.

H. SCORPIOIDES. Branches waved, trailing, hooked: leaves pointing one way, tapering to a point.

Dicks. H. S.-(E. Bot. 1039—Musc. Brit. xxvii. E.)—Dill. 37. 25. Branches brown, hooked, and yellow at the ends. Linn. Shoots trailing, cylindrical, one to three inches long. Branches rising upwards, thick, bent and thicker at the ends, about one inch long. Leaves spearshaped, often ending in hairs, wrinkled at the base. Fruit-stalks half an inch to one inch high. Capsules cylindrical, slender, leaning. Lid pointed. Mouth with a white fringe. Web. Barren plants longer and thicker than the fertile ones, colour dark red, the ends purple and green. Fertile plants entirely green, except here and there a little purple. Dill. (One of the largest of British Mosses; with leaves generally nerveless; but, according to Schwaegrichen and Mr. Tozer in Musc. Brit., occasionally two nerved; which shows how liable this, like most aquatic plants, is to vary. E.)

(SCORPION FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Turfy bogs and marshes. Near Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, and about Penter, near Bangor. Near Norwich, and in the north of England; and at Corriattachan in Strath Swandie in the Isle of Sky. Turf pits on Ellingham and Geldestone fens. Mr. Stone. P. Nov.-April. On Snowdon and Cader Idris. Mr. Griffith.

H. SQUARRO'SUM. Branches straggling: leaves spear-shaped, acute, bent back in five different directions. (E. Bot. 1593-Musc. Brit. xxvi. E.)—Fl. Dan. 535. 1—Dill. 39. 38—H. Ox. xv. 5, row 2. 2-Fl. Dan. 648. 3.

Often six inches long, creeping, rib a beautiful purple, shining through the interstices of the leaves. Leaves ending in a sharp point, as fine as a hair. Fruit-stalks one inch to one inch and a half high, straight, springing from a cylindrical, scaly and hairy fence. Capsules egg-shaped, leaning. Lid blunt. Mouth wide open, fringe yellow. I have found capsules in July. Weis. Dill. Capsules rarely met with. Ray. Fruitstalks solitary or in pairs. Lid not large enough to cover the mouth of the capsule, but joined to it by a kind of groove. Stackh. (DROOPING-LEAVED FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Moist meadows, pastures and P. Feb.-May. woods.

Var. 2. Smaller. Leaves triangular, open, reflexed. Dill.

Vaill. 27. 5-Dill. 39. 39.

Not much different from var. 1, except in the leaves being smaller, paler, closer set, and more bent back. Weis. The capsules too are smaller, and the lid sharper. Dill.

Wet places.

H. PALUSTRE. Shoots creeping: branches crowded, upright, on one side the shoot: leaves egg-shaped, pointing one way: capsules nearly upright.

(E. Bot. 1655—Musc. Brit. xxvi. E.)—Dill. 37. 27. Branches upright, compressed, from half an inch to one inch high, numerous. Leaves in a double or triple series, sharp, hooked. Web. Shoots ..slender, creeping, with few leaves, and those shrivelled. Branches gederally simple, short. Leaves dull green, hooked at the end. Fruit-stalks

from the base of the branches, red, longer than the branches. Capsules oblong, a little inclining, brown when ripe. Lid larger in diameter than the capsule. Veil straight, pale. Dill.

(CREEPING MARSH FEATHER-MOss. H. luridum. Hedw. Crypt. 38, and with this variable species Messrs. Hooker and Taylor also include Í. flu-viatile, E. Bot. 1303, (not Hedw.) and H. adnatum, E. Bot. 2406, (not Hedw.) neither of which are properly British, according to the above authorities. E.) In wet places, and banks of rivers, not uncommon. P. Jan.-April. H. LOʻREUM. Shoots creeping: branches waved, upright: leaves pointing one way: capsules roundish, egg-shaped.

Dicks. H. S.—(E. Bot. 2072-Musc. Brit. xxvi. E.)—Dill. 39. 40—Vaill. 25. 2-H. Ox. xv. 5, row the last, 24, p. 626-Buxb. iv. 64. 1—Ger. 1370. 1.

Fruit-stalks from the base of the branches. Neck. Fruit-stalks more than an inch high, from the stem between the branches upright. Capsules eggshaped, leaning. Shoots near a foot long or more, the rib rigid, brittle, surrounded by pale green leaves, those towards the end bent back. Dill. (RAMBLING MOUNTAIN FEATHER-MOSS. E.) On mountains, in woods and heaths, in various parts of Britain.

P. April.

H. ADUN CUM. Shoots nearly upright, somewhat branched: leaves pointing one way, spear-awl-shaped, curled: branches hooked.

(E. Bot. E.)-Hedw. iv. 24-Dill. 37. 26.

Resembles the H. cupressiforme, but the shoots are more straight, less branched; leaves longer, hooked, their ends pointing one way; fruitstalks twice as long, rising as well from the middle of the shoot as from the bosom of the branches. The shoots are remarkably rigid. Fruitstalks two inches long, rising out of a slender, short, scaly involucrum. Capsules egg-shaped, distended, leaning. Lid conical, short, blunt. Weis. Plant yellowish or tawny when growing out of the water. Ray. Involucrum oblong, slender, scaly. Veil straight. Lower leaves less hooked than the upper ones. Dill.

(UPRIGHT HOOKED FEATHER-MOss. E.) Marshy and watery places, bogs, and wet pastures. Turf pits on Ellingham and Geldestone fens. Mr. P. April-Aug.

Stone.

H. CUPRESSIFOR'ME. (Leaves closely imbricated, more or less falcatosecund, lanceolate, acuminated, entire except at the points, which are usually serrated, very faintly two-nerved at the base: capsule cylindrical, erecto cernuous: lid conical, with a point. Hedw. Stirp. iv. 23-E. Bot. 1860-Musc. Brit. xxvii.-Fl. Dan. 535—Dill. 37. 23 and 41. 53.

So sportive is this plant that it is scarcely possible to define in a few words the marks belonging to any of the varieties. y at first sight is totally unlike the more usual state of H. cupressiforme; but we have seen the one run completely into the other. ẞ is now universally acknowledged to belong to our plant; and we are equally satisfied of Dickson's nigroviride being no other.

a. vulgare. Stems broad, semi-cylindrical; leaves falcato-secund.

H.cupressiforme. Linn. (With. E.) Hedw. Turn. Sm. Hook. H. nigròviride. Dicks. Turn.

B. compressum. Stems slender, compressed; leaves falcato-secund.
H. compressum. Linn. (With. to Ed. vii. E.)

7. tenue. Stems very slender; leaves very slightly curved, narrow, lanceolate, quite entire.

common.

H. polyanthos. E. Bot. 1664. (not Leskea polyanthos. Hedw.) Turn. (CYPRESS-BRANCHED FEATHER-MOSS. E.) On banks and trunks of trees, Musc. Brit. E.)* H. MOLLUSCUM. (Stems pectinated: leaves falcato-secund, cordate, much accuminated, serrated not striated, faintly two-nerved at the base: capsules oblongo-ovate, curved, cernuous: lid conical. Hedw. Stirp. iv. 22—(E. Bot. 1327—Musc. Brit. xxvii. E.)—Dill. 36. 210. (COMPRESSED FEATHER-MOSs. H. molluscum. Hedw. Turn. Sm. Hook. H. compressum. With. to Ed. vii. H. crista-castrensis. Dicks. On the ground, common. March-April.

E. Plant shrub-like; branches fasciculated.

H. DENDROI'DES. Shoot upright, naked below, above with bundles of leafy branches: leaves strap-spear-shaped, tiled: capsules nearly cylindrical, upright: beak bent.

Dill. 40. 48-(E. Bot. 1565—Musc. Brit. xxv. E.)-Fl. Dan. 823. 2— H. Ox. xv. 5, row 5. 31-Tourn. 326—Vaill. 26. 6—Happ. 1. Hypn. 1. Readily distinguished by its stems closely compacted together, its shrublike appearance, from two to four inches high, terminated by a bush of branches. Branches upright, cylindrical, smooth, pointed at the end. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, pointed, flat, closely tiled. Weis. Fruit-stalks more than an inch long, from the base of the branches; upright. Capsules slender, upright. Lid conical, short. Veil slender. Dill. Fruitstalks longer than the shoots. Veil covering the whole capsule. Leaves a little serrated. Leers. (The columella in dry weather raises the lid spirally, and allows the escape of the seeds; moisture contracts the columella in the same spiral manner, and again closes the capsule. Gray. E.) (TREE-SHAPED FEATHER-MOSS. E.) Moist woods and shady places, about the roots of trees, and in moist pastures. P. Feb.-March.

H. ALOPECU'RUM. Shoot upright: branches fasciculated, terminal, subdivided capsules rather drooping.

(E. Bot. 1182-Musc. Brit. xxv. E.)-Dill. 41. 49—Vaill. 23. 2 and 5— H. Ox. xv. 5, row the last.

In its tree-like mode of growth it resembles H. dendroides, but the shoots are longer, the trunk is taller, the branches expand more, and are more frequently branched again; the extremities are not straight, but hanging down, and the leaves expanding. When dry the leaves bent back at the points, but in H. dendroides they lie closely adpressed. Weis. Stem four

* (Well adapted for packing whatever requires a soft elastic covering. E.)

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