a. Capsules roundish.
b. Capsules egg-shaped.
c. Capsules oblong.

C. Capsules on fruit-stalks, leaning.

1. Stem none, or very short and unbranched.
2. Stems upright.

D. Capsules on fruit-stalks, drooping.

1. Stem none, or very short and unbranched.
2. Stems upright.

A. Capsules sessile, or nearly so.

B. APOCAR PUM. Capsules sessile, terminal: beak bent: veil very

small.

(E. Bot. 1134-Musc. Brit. xiii.—Schmid. 57. 1. E.)-Vaill. 27. 15— Hedw. Stirp. i. 39—Dill. 32. 4—Fl. Dan. 480-Happ. iii. 2.

Shoots one to two inches high; somewhat branched. Leaves at the ends of the shoots and branches, paler, longer, hairy at the end; from amongst these rise up fruit-stalks, very short, purple, with a yellow tubercle. Capsules oblong, smooth, green, changing to yellow. Mouth purple, open, elegantly fringed. Lid scarlet. Veil pale yellow, deciduous. The fruit-stalks are so enveloped by the leaves at the extremity of the shoots, that neither they nor the capsules can be distinctly seen, but the scarlet lid strikes the eye. Weis. (Fringe of sixteen red, entire, spreading teeth, broad at the base, tapering to a fine point. E. Bot. According to the authors of Musc. Brit. the differences which have distinguished the several species here united arise merely from local circumstances. E.) (SESSILE BEARDED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Grimmia apocarpa. Hedw. Turn. Sm. Hook. G. alpicola. Sw. Hedw. Sm. G. rivularis. Brid. Sm. Turn. G. apocaula. Hoffm. Dill. E.) Rocks, stones, and trees. Walls and roofs of houses. Nov.-April.

Var. 2. Shoots longer and more branched, leafits ending in hairs.

Hedw. Stirp. i. 40-Dill. 32. 5, B dry, A moistened-Vaill. 27. 18. In spreading tufts like the preceding, but the stems are longer, more branched, more leafy. Leaves broader, terminal hairs longer; dilute green in winter, hoary in spring. The ends of the branches often hooked, which never happens in the preceding variety. Capsules inclosed in leafy scales, green; the young ones at the ends, the old ones at the sides of the branches. Dill.

Hedwigia ciliata. Hedw. Rocks and trees.

B. SESSILE. Capsules sessile: beak straight: leaves straight, keeled. Dill. 55. 10-(E. Bot. 1325. E.)

Grows in tufts. Stem about an inch high, somewhat branched. Leaves numerous, straight, keeled, pellucid when wet, opake and darker green when dry. Fruit-stalks very short, thick at the bottom. Veil brown, hairy, striated. Dill. (STRAIGHT-LEAVED THREAD-MOSS. E.) B. striatum var. y. With. Ed. ii.

Rocks near Bangor. Dillenius. On stones on the side of rivers which are washed by the water in high floods. Mr. Griffith. (Mr. Sowerby gathered it on upright posts by the Thames at Wandsworth. E. Bot. E.) Autumn.

B. TECTO'RUM. Capsules sessile axillary: veils hairy, conical.
Hedw. Stirp. 11. 37-(E. Bot. 1423-Musc. Brit. xxi. E.)-Dill. 55. 9—
Vaill. 27. 10-H. Ox. xv. 6, row the last, 13.

Plant smaller than B. striatum, leaves smaller, darker green: veil paler and more distinctly toothed at the base. Dill. Differs also from it in wanting the inner fringe, and having the edge of the veil scolloped. Hedw. (ROUGH SINGLE-FRINGED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Orthotrichum anomalum. Hedw. (O. cupulatum. Hoffin. Hook. Grev. O. nudum. Dicks. E. Bot. 1325, is likewise included in this species by the authors of Musc. Brit. who appear to consider the real O. anomalum of Hedwig, (also in Musc. Brit. xxi., and B. striatum ß. Linn.) to be distinct from the plant so denominated by Smith; but the difference is not very obvious. E.) On stones, walls, and the ground. Feb.-April. (Var. 2. Leaves mid-ribbed, hair-pointed. Capsules on short fruit-stalks, terminal, with sixteen slender expanding teeth. Veil hairless, ribbed. April. E.) B. STRIATUM. Capsules oblong, sessile, axillary or terminal: veil hairy leaves spear-shaped, acute.

(E. Bot. 2187-Musc. Brit. xxi. E.)—Hedw. Stirp. ii. 36-Neck. Meth. 1. 2, at p. 273, a capsule magnified.—Dill. 55. 8-Fl. Dan. 537. 3-Vaill. 25. 5 and 6.

Obs. Nearly allied to the Polytricha, but wanting the fleshy receptacle below the capsule. Linn.

Capsules lateral. Mouth nearly smooth, Branched; two or three inches high. Leaves as Florets of both sorts on the same or on distinct plants. Fruit-stalk very short, sheathed at the base. Capsules eggshaped. Lid small, beak blunt. Fringe double, sixteen teeth in each. Found both in flower and in fruit almost all the year. Hedw. (COMMON THREAD-MOSS. B. striatum a. Linn. E.) Polytrichum striatum. Huds. Orthotrichum striatum. Hedw. (very nearly allied to which is O. speciosum. Musc. Brit. Sup. iv. E.) In woods, on the trunks of old trees. The veils appear in winter, and the capsules in Feb. March, and April. Dill. P.

Shoots one inch high, branched.
without a ring. Neck.
if gnawed at the ends.

B. Capsules on fruit-stalks, upright.
(1) Stemless.

Capsules cylindrical, toothed: leaves wedge-egshaped, pellucid, reticulated. Dicks.

B. CUNEIFOLIUM.

(E. Bot. 1510-Musc. Brit. xii. E.)—Dill. 45. 15-Buxb. i. 64. Leaves shorter, broader, and softer than in B. murale, pellucid, green, not hoary with hairs. Grows much crowded with hairs, but not in a circular form. Dill.

(WEDGE-LEAFED THREAD-MOSS.

B. cuneifolium. Dicks. Sm. Hook.

Tortula cuneifolia. Turn. B. murale ß. Huds. and With. Ed. ii. On banks of earth near Streatham, Surry, and at Oxford. Dillenius. (Particularly common in Devonshire, especially near Torquay and the hilly country about Tor-point. Musc. Brit. E.)

Winter.

B. MURA'LE. Capsules oblong: lids conical, acute: shoots very short, subdivided leaves mid-ribbed, egg-shaped, acute, hair-pointed.

(E. Bot. 2033-Musc. Brit. xii. E.)-Dill. 45. 14-Vaill. 24. 15, in a tuft -Buxb. i. 64. 4-Mich. 59. 7.

Sometimes grows in tufts, but often spreads in shady places. Leaves opake, approaching, rigid, fine green when wet, dull green when dry.

Dill.

(The lower leaves generally lose their terminal hairs. When the lid is carefully removed from the capsule, the mouth of the latter is seen adorned with a conical pencil of rich saffron-coloured hairs twisted spirally, and projecting so as to fill up the lid. E.)

(WALL THREAD-MOSS. Tortula muralis. Hedw. Sm. Hook. E.) Walls, roofs, tiles, stones, rocks and sandy places, everywhere. P. Nov.-March. B. OBTU'SUM. Capsules inversely egg-shaped, lopped: lid convex : leaves spear-egg-shaped, taper-pointed. Dicks.

(E. Bot. 1407. E.) Dicks. 4. 7. a. b.

Fringe none. Veil bell-awl-shaped. Leaves, under the microscope, reticulated, finely toothed. Differs from B. truncatulum in the beaked lid, and its capsule being longer, &c. Dicks.

(OBTUSE THREAD-MOSS. B. obtusum.

Dicks. Gymnostomum obtusum, Hedw. Turn. Sm. with which is assimilated in Musc. Brit. (vii.) G. Heimii. Hedw. Sm. Hook. E.) Stones and rocks_on Ben Crechan, Scotland. (Common about Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. E.)

B. OVA'TUM. Capsules egg-shaped: leaves egg-shaped, concave, hairpointed. Dicks. ii. 4.

Dicks. H. S.-Hedw. Stirp. i. 6—(E. Bot. 1889-Musc. Brit. vii. E.)—H. Ox. xv. 7. 18.

Very minute, unbranched, with scarcely any stem. Flowers terminal. Fruit-stalk upright, not longer than the capsule. Veil reddish brown. Lid conical, beak oblique. Very common on mud walls, spreading in broad and dense patches; seldom on the ground.

(Some authors discriminate var. a. vulgare; capsule ovate; and B. gracile; capsule oblong. This species is remarkable for the nerve of the leaf being furnished with a large, oblong, membranous appendage, to the surface of which are attached minute greenish bodies, probably gemmæ, as represented by Hedwig. Musc. Brit. E.)

(HAIR-POINTED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Gymnostomum ovatum. Hedw. (Sm. Hook. E.) Pastures. Mud walls. April-May.

B. PUSIL'LUM. Capsules oblong, fringed: leaves concave, egg-awlshaped. Dicks. ii. 6.

Hedw. Stirp. i. 28—(E. Bot. 2380. E.)

Stem unbranched, upright, very minute, not more than two or three lines high. Leaves concave and egg-shaped at the base, but very long and slender upwards. Barren flowers in the bosom of the leaves. Fruitstalks on the same plant terminal, thrice as long as the stem, nearly upright. Fringe single, of sixteen teeth, deeply divided, red. (DWARF THREAD-MOSS. E.) Trichostomum pusillum. Hedw. In sandy places. A. Feb.-March.

B. PYRIFOR ME. Capsules pear-shaped: leaves flat, oblong, acute.

Dicks. H. S.-(E. Bot. 413. E.)—Dill. 44. 6—Fl. Dan. 537. 1-Vaill. 29. 3-H. Ox. xv. 7, row 2. 16, p. 631—Buxb. i. 64. 1.

Fruit-stalks half to one inch long. Relh. n. 1015. Leaves one line broad, one and a half long. Involucrum none. Fruit-stalk about three lines long. Capsule, mouth without fringe. Pol. Veil, before the capsules swells, four-sided; afterwards it tears into two, three, or four segments. Leaves tender, pellucid, pale green. Capsules large for the size of the plant, which rises but little above the ground. Dill. (PEAR-SHAPED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Heaths, hedges and ditch banks.

A. Feb. B. STELLA'TUM. Capsules pointed, bearded: leaves egg-spear-shaped, pointed, somewhat rolled in. Dicks. ii. 6.

(E. Bot. 2384—Musc. Brit. xii. E.)—Dill. 49. 56.

(Stems very short, tufted; leaves oblongo-ovate, or ovate, rather concave, sub-opaque, mucronulate, furnished with a strong brown nerve. Musc. Brit. and according to the learned authors of that work, this appears to be Barbula agraria of Hedwig, a tropical plant, and a rare instance of such having been found in so northern a region; unless indeed Mr. Dickson should, by some accident, have mistaken a foreign specimen for one gathered in Scotland. E.)

(STELLATED THREAD-MOSS. Tortula stellata. Sm. Hook. E.) On ditch banks and margins of rivulets, Scotland.

B. CALCA'REUM. Capsules inversely conical, toothed: leaves upi ght cylindrical, bluntish. Dicks.

Dicks. H.S.-E. Bot. 191-(Musc. Brit. xv. E.)-Dicks. 4. 3.

A dwarfish plant, smaller than B. paludosum, but the capsules sufficiently large and conspicuous. Lid conical, with a beak somewhat slanting. Veil slender, slanting. Dicks. Capsules with sixteen teeth; not with twelve as in Dickson's figure.

(LIMESTONE THREAD-MOSS. Weissia calcarea. Hedw. Hook. Grimmia calcarea. Sm. Turn. E.) On limestone rocks near Newmarket Heath. (On shady rocks at Garregwen near Garn, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. E.)

B. CERVICULA'TUM. Capsules egg-shaped, unequal, toothed: leaves very slender.

Hedw. Stirp. ii. 37. A.-(E. Bot. 1661-Musc. Brit. xvi. E.) Not branched; upright. Lower leaves very minute, spear-shaped; upper oblong-spear-shaped, concave, with a very long tapering point, expanding when moist, closing but not curling when dry; pale green. Capsules egg-shaped but less convex on one side, which gives it an appearance of leaning. Lid fine red, slanting, taper-pointed.

(RED-NECKED THREAD-MOSS. E.) Dicranum cerviculatum. Hedw. Turn. Sm. Hook. On bogs and moist banks.

(Messrs. Hooker and Taylor have reduced to this species B. parvulum. Dicks. With. "Scarcely a line in height. Leaves concave and dilated at the base, fine green, without a mid-rib. Fruit-stalk yellow green. Capsule egg-shaped. Beak long, slanting, reddish at the base." Dicranum pusillum. E. Bot. 2491. Also Dicranum uncinatum. E. Bot. 2261. E.)

B. PALUDO'SUM. Capsule very blunt, mouth wide: leaves bristleshaped.

(E. Bot. 2551-Musc. Brit. xv. E.)—Dill. 49. 53.

Differs from B. viridulum in its brown capsules, and the leaves not curling when dry. Linn. Extremely small, only observable from its growing in a quantity together. Leaves minute, hair-like, but expanding. Fruit-stalk terminal, two or three lines long. Capsules egg-shaped. Mouth wide, minutely fringed. Veil slender, upright. Differs from B. virens in the darker green of its leaves, their being more slender, not curling when dry, and in having smaller capsules. Weis. Leaves very slender, scarce sensibly broad, soft, dull, green. Capsules, lid deciduous, leaving large opening for the size of the capsule. Dill. Differs from B. viridulum in the leaves, which, though bristle-shaped, are broad at the base, the mid-rib only visible in the broader part; fruit-stalk twisting when moistened; capsule egg-shaped, with an orifice equal to its greatest diameter. Grif.

(DIMINUTIVE THREAD-MOSS. Grimmia pusilla. Roth. Sm. Weissia pusilla. Hedw. Hook. E.) In sandy marshes and turfy ground in Yorkshire. Richardson, in Dill. 387. Moist rocks, and sometimes decayed wood in damp shady places. Lightfoot. On stones and roots of trees in damp situations in Garn dingle, Denbighshire, particularly on sand stones by the petrifying-spring. Mr. Griffith. A. March-May.

(In Musc. Brit. some doubt is entertained whether the true plant of this species has been found by any one but Mr. Templeton, (on limestone rocks in the neighbourhood of Belfast,) and with which the Dillenian figures do not accord. E.)

(Dicranum Celsii. Hedw. Fl. Brit. E.) On rocks on the Highland moun◄ tains. Dickson.

B. RI'GIDUM. Capsules oblong: shoot very short: edges of the leaves

turned in.

Hedw. Stirp. i. 25—(Musc. Brit. xii. E.)—E. Bot. 180-Dill. 49. 55. Stems very short. Leaves very entire, bluntish, flat above, convex underneath, naked. Fruit-stalk terminal, solitary, upright, half an inch long, purple. Veil conical, pale. Capsules fringed, smooth. Lid taperpointed, purple at the bese, half as long as the capsule. Huds. Fertile plant always taller and slenderer than the barren plant, but both of them short and thick. Fringe red, composed of thirty-two long slender filaments, spirally twisted together when moist. Hedw. Leaves stiff, like those of heath. Dill.

(RIGID THREAD-MOSS. B. rigidum. Huds. Barbula rigida. Hedw. Tortula rigida. Sw. Turn. Sm. Hook. Grev. Moist rocks near Wigmore, Herefordshire. Brown, in Dill, On Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Hudson.