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(PLATE XVIII. f. 1-Hook. Fl. Lond. 54-E. Bot. 330-Musc. Brit. v. E.) Differs from F. curvicollum in having beardless, though pointed leaves, a longer and nearly upright stalk, and longer-pointed capsule. E. Bot. E.) Fruit-stalk and capsule a rich chesnut red. Fruit-stalks straight, sometimes two from the same root. Leaves five or six. Whole plant the twentieth of an inch in height. Capsule not wrinkled. (LONG-STALKED EARTH-MOSS. E.) Specimens from J. W. Griffith, Esq., who found it amongst trees in the front of Garn House, very": near the road leading to Henllan. (Frequently found in fields that have lain untilled one or two years, together with Weissia Starkeana. Hooker. E.) April-May

FONTINA LIS.* Capsule nearly sessile, furnished with a veil, and surrounded by a tiled involucrum.

Barr. Fl. bud-like, axillary; on the same plant.

Obs. Differing from Hypnum chiefly in the capsule not being sup◄ ported on a fruit-stalk. Weis.

F. ANTIPYRETICA. Capsules lateral; leaves acute, keeled, doubled together, disposed in three rows.

Dill. 33. 1-(E. Bot. 359-Mus. Brit. xxii. E.)-Vaill. 33. 5-H. Or. xv. 6. 32-Kniph. 12-Buxb. iii. 69. 2-Mich. 59. 9-Schmid. 58. 4-Hedw. Hist. i. 5. 27. ii. 9. 53. 54. 55. and 1. 5.

Shoots a foot long or more, branched. The primary shoot sends out lateral and terminal ones, and these branch out again. Neck. Floating in water, -Leaves two or three lines long, and half as broad, very entire at the edge. Capsules lateral, in the bosom of the leaves, on very short fruit-stalks, inclosed in a leafy scaly involucrum. Veil conical. Lid conical, blunt, starting with a spring from the ripe capsule. Fringe surrounding a central point. Seeds green. Dill. GREATER WATER-MOSS. Upon rocks and roots of trees, in brooks, rivulets, slow streams and ponds. (Delights in the neighbourhood of cataracts, and flourishes most where the stream is most turbulent. Drummond. E.) P. June-Sept.t

F. MI'NOR. Capsules terminal; leaves egg-shaped, acute, concave; pointing three ways; always in pairs.

(Hook. Fl. Lond-E. Bot. 557—Dill. 33. 2—Musc. Brit. xi. E.) Leaves doubled together and keeled, on the thicker branches in pairs. Linn. Shoots four inches long, in rapid streams half a yard or more, very much branched. Branches three-sided, ending in a sharp point. Capsules eggshaped, on short fruit-stalks. Web. Shoots shorter, more branched, and leaves smaller, thicker, and blunter, than in F. antipyretica. Dill. LESSER WATER-MOSS. (F. minor. Linn. Trichostomum Fontinalioides.

(From its natural station being in fresh springs and rivulets. E.)

† The specific name was given to this plant in allusion to its being employed by the Swedes to fill up the spaces between the chimney and the walls, and thus, by excluding the air, preventing the action of the fire. (The pale reddish tufts of the minute Conferva nana, Dillw. 80, may sometimes be observed parasitically attached to this species in alpine rivers. Gray. E.)

Hedw. Sm. Cinclidotus Fontinaloides. Hook. E.) Banks of the Thames, on the walls of Lambeth Palace, and on the banks of the Isis at Oxford. Dill. (Water of Leith below Collinton. Mr. G, Don. Grev. Edin. E.) P. Aug.-Oct. F. SQUAMO'SA. Capsules lateral: leaves tiled; awl-spear-shaped. Dicks. H. S.-Hedw. Stirp. iii. 12-(E. Bot. 1861-Musc. Brit. xxii. E.)— Dill. 33. 3-J. B. iii. 778. 3.

Leaves sometimes spear-shaped, pointed. Very nearly allied to F. antipy retica. Huds. Capsules egg-shaped, sessile. Neck. Long and slender; fertile stem generally forked; barren stem more branched; four to six inches long. Leaves long spear-shaped, partly embracing the stem, so slender as to appear awl-shaped to the naked eye. Hedw. Shoot four to twelve inches long, branched, floating in the direction of the stream, slender, black, bare near the root. Leaves dark green, smooth, shining, black when dry. Branches three-sided. Capsules on the side of the branches sessile, egg-shaped, immersed in a leafy involucrum. Dill. The lower parts of the stems losing their leaves resemble horse-hairs matted together. Stackh. Capsules usually produced on the shoots of the preceding year, or on the still older branches: never on the young shoots. Griff.

(Greville observes, "one of the most striking characters is the glistening or shining appearance, which is so evident, especially when dried, that Bauhin applies to it to the epithet lucens." E.)

SCALY WATER-MOSS. Mountain rivulets in Wales, the north of England and Scotland. In the rivulet by the old castle, near Llanberris. Mr. Griffith. Rivulets near Penzance. Mr. Stackhouse. (Water of Leith, pear Redhall. Dr. Greville. E.) P. June-Oct.

T.

F. PENNATA. Capsules lateral: leaves pointing two ways; expanding. Hedw. Stirp. iii. 19-(Grev. Scot. Crypt. 109-Musc. Brit. Sup. iv. E.)Vaill. 27. 4-Hal. Enum. 3. 2, at p. 109, Hist. 46. 2, at iií. p. 56-Dill.

32. 9-Schmid. 58. 2.

Leaves with wavy wrinkles. Capsules sessile; nearly cylindrical. Neck. Shoots creeping and forming compact patches. Branches one inch long or more. Leaves closely compacted, about a line in length, and one fourth of a line in breadth. Capsules solitary or in pairs, chiefly on one side the branches, one line long and half as broad, smooth, green, changing to reddish. Mouth without a ring, closed with a white fringe. Lid pointed. Veil but half the size of the capsule; smooth. Involucrum composed of spear-shaped, pointed, shining leafits, taller than the capsule and closely embracing it. Pol. Stem thread-shaped, rigid; branches in opposite directions, decumbent with age. Leaves without veins.

FEATHERED WATER-MOSS. Neckera pennata. Hedw. Hypnum pennatum. Gmel. Trunks of trees, rare. (Beech tree at Fotheringham, near Forfar. Mr. Drummond. Musc. Brit. E.) A. Aug.-Oct. F. CAPILLA CEA, Capsules axillary: leaves strap-bristle-shaped, pointing one way; those of the receptacle very long, convoluted, awlshaped. Dicks. ii. 1.

(E. Bot. 2432-Musc. Brit. xxii. E.)-Dill. 33, 5.

Shoots five to seven inches long. Branches sometimes divided. Involucrum

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long, from the bosom of the leaves, chiefly where branches arise; out of these come forth Capsules green, small, egg-shaped. Dill.

HAIR-LIKE WATER-MOSS. Mountain rivulets in Scotland.

F. ALPINA. Capsules lateral: leaves mostly pointing one way, elliptical, bluntish, those of the involucrum spear-shaped, pointed. Dicks. ii. 2.

Dicks. ii. 4. 1.

Leaves short, twisted when dry, somewhat curled. Capsule, together with the involucrum, thrice as large as the leaves. Dicks. (Fringe simple, its fibres twisted. Br. Fruit-stalk nearly as long as the capsule. Foliage black when dried. E.)

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ALPINE WATER-MOSS. On rocks and stones in the alpine rivulets of Scotland. On stones in Balalake, and rivulets about Llanberris, also in many small rivulets about Garn, Denbighshire; river Clwyd not ten yards above high water mark, in plenty so that it is not exclusively alpine. Mr. Griffith. (On large stones on the side of Loch Tay which are occasionally under water. Mr. Brown.

Aug. E.)

F. SECUNDA. Branched, creeping: capsules leaning one way: leaves egg-shaped, taper-pointed, tiled.

Hedw. Stirp. 3. 15-(E. Bot. 1180-Musc. Brit. xxii. E.)—Dill. 32. 6— Vaill. 27. 17.

Deep green. Branches sometimes subdivided. Leaves short, numerous, triangular, concave. Capsules oblong, on very short fruit-stalks, on every part of the stem, pointing one way, nearly enclosed by an involucrum of narrow leafits, ending in hairs, very numerous. Lid spit-pointed, brown. Dill. An inch high, stiff, but not upright, more or less branched at the base.

(LATERAL WATER-MOSS. E.) Neckera heteromalla. Hedw. Hypnum heteromallum. Gmel. Sphagnum arboreum. Huds. (Phascum repens. With. to Ed. vii. Daltonia heteromalla. Musc. Brit. E.) On trees in orchards. (On apple trees in Cornwall. Mr. Stackhouse. On the root of a tree in a thicket at Alcester mill, Warwickshire. Purton. Trees near Forfar. Hooker. E.) P. Dec.-Feb.

BUXBAU'MIA.* Capsule on a fruit-stalk: outer fringe with sixteen teeth; inner membranous, plaited. Barr. Fl. bud circular.

B. FOLIO'SA. Stemless: capsules nearly sessile, surrounded with leaves. Dicks. H. S.-(Hook. Fl. Lond.-E. Bot. 329-Musc. Brit. viii. E.)Schmid. Buxb. 2, lower part of the plate, consisting of the figures distinguished by Roman numerals-Hal. Enum. 3. 3, at p. 109; Hist. 46. 3, at iii. p. 56-Dill. 32. 13-Fl. Dan. 249. 1-Happ. ii. Phascum 1, the central plant-Hal. It. Helv. 2. 3, in Opusc. p. 308.

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Leaves of the involucrum awned. Willd. Leaves, the lowermost open, oblong, the uppermost upright, spear-shaped, taper-pointed. Capsule sessile. Huds. 466.

(Named by Linnæus in honour of Dr. BUXBAUM, a German, author of " meration of the Plants around Hal," and other works. E.)

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(LEAFY BUXBAUMIA. E.) Phascum montanum. Huds. P. maximum. Lightf. (Diphyscium foliosum. Mohr. Hook. E.) On Hartfell mountain near Moffat. Sheffield in Huds. Cwn Cennog Rocks, also about Craig du, by the road side near Llanberris. Mr. Griffith. (By the road side on the mountains between Patterdale and Ambleside. Dr. Hooker. On Bridge Rocks, and the lower part of Harrison's Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Forster. E.) A. Sept.-Oct. Dill.-May-Aug. Huds.

(B. APHYL'LA.

scales.

Stem none: base bulbous, surrounded with minute

Hook. Fl. Lond.-E. Bot. 1596-Musc. Brit. xxii.

Hooker observes: "This most singular of Mosses can scarcely be said to have any stems. All that might be so called, (or perhaps more strictly a perichatium) resembles a small bulb covered with hair-like processes, but which, when highly magnified, are found to be true leaves, membranous, reticulated, laciniated, and so narrow and minute, that they were either entirely overlooked or described only as hairs till lately. Whole plant not an inch high, of a red colour when quite ripe. Theca large, ovate, oblique, gibbous, flattish above, convex beneath. Lid conical, obtuse.

LEAFLESS BUXBAUMIA. On the ground. Rare. In a Fir wood at Sprowston, near Norwich. Among Fir trees below Roslin Chapel. Mr. E. Maughan. Georgetown Hill, near Kinross. Mr. Arnott. E.) SPLACH'NUM.* Capsule cylindrical, veil and receptacle very large fringe with eight teeth.

Barr. Fl. a bud on a different plant: circular, terminal.

S. SPHERICUM. Receptacle globular: leaves spoon-shaped but tapering to a slender point.

Hedw. Stirp. ii. 16—(Musc. Brit. ix.-E. Bot. 785. E.)

Fruit-stalk very long, greenish and reddish brown. Capsule very small. Lid blunt. Receptacle green. Linn. Stem upright, hardly one inch high, seldom branched. Leaves distant, alternate, spoon-shaped, but tapering to a point. Fruit-stalk very long, (three or four inches) upright, terminal, tawny at bottom, green above. Receptacle large, globular, green. Capsule cylindrical, blunt. Lid blunt. Fringe eight pair of teeth, yellowish. Hedw. Fruit-stalks sometimes four or five inches high. (GREEN GLOBULAR GLAND-MOSS. On the ejesta of animals, in mountainous countries frequent. E.)

(Under S. sphæricum Messrs. Hooker and Taylor comprehend S. gracile.. Dicks.; S. ovatum. Hewd.; and S. rugosum. Dicks. E.)

S. VASCULO'SUM. Receptacle nearly globular: leaves battledore-shaped,

distant.

(Grev. Scot. Crypt. 179-Musc. Brit. Sup. i. E.)—Hedw. Stirp. ii. 15. Barren stems two inches, fertile ones one inch long, upright, unbrancheċ l.

* (A name adopted by Linnæus from Dioscorides, whose σλα is synonymous wit h his Bpuov, (Bryum,) and belongs to Mosses in general, or rather perhaps to Lichens, grov ;ing upon trees. E.)

Leaves spatula-shaped, bluntish, alternate, distant. Fruit-stalk one and a half inch high, upright, red. Receptacle large, spear-shaped, blood red. Capsule cylindrical, upright, brownish yellow. Fringe simple, composed of eight teeth, in pairs. Hedw. (This is perhaps the finest and most beautiful of all the British Mosses. We have seen it covering a spot of ground many feet in diameter with its brilliant green foliage, and spotted with its large, deep rich brown, shining capsules. Hook. E.) (BLOOD-COLOURED OF OBTUSE-LEAVED GLAND-MOSS. E.) Phascum pedunculatum. Huds. Ed. i. adopted by Linnæus. (Smith associates this plant with S. gracile. E.) Upon bogs, and on the points of rocks on the tops of the Highland mountains, as Ben Lomond, and in the Isle of Skye and elsewhere. Lightfoot. 697. On Scarbrae Moss in the parish of Kirkmichael. Dr. Burgess. On mountainous moist heaths in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Wales. (Whether the plants of Hedwig and Hudson be the same, may be questionable; but Dr. Greville appears to have found the former in similar situations, and in extended patches, as on Ben Lawers, and the Clova mountains. E.) A. June-Oct. Huds.-P. Hedw. Var. Acutifolia of that author, "distinguished by much shorter stems, a dingy, almost black colour, and, above all, by the acute termination of the leaves," is represented in the same work, Pl. 311. E.)

S. AMPULLA CEUM. Receptacle inversely bottle-shaped: leaves spearshaped, acute, generally serrated.

E. Bot. 144-Hedw. Stirp. ii. 14-(Musc. Brit. ix. E.)—Fl. Dan. 822— Dill. 44. 3-Vaill. 26. 4-H. Ox. xv. 6. 10-Buxb. ii. 1. 1.

Receptacle empty, transparent, an extension of the fruit-stalk. Linn. Stem single or forked, from one to two inches high, upright, but feeble, and supported by other collateral stems. Leaves spear-shaped, acutely pointed. Stamens and pistils on the end of the same shoot. Veil bellshaped. Capsule slender, cylindrical, upright. Receptacle large, shaped like an inverted decanter. Lid convex. Fringe single, of eight pair of teeth. Hedw. Fruit-stalks crimson, one to three inches long. Veil very small, deciduous. (One of the finest of Splachna. Grev. E.) PURPLE BOTTLE or GLAND-MOSs. Bogs and marshes, and often upon cow-dung. Bogs about Hitchin Ferry near Southampton, and by W. Wickham, and Addington near Croydon. Ray Syn. Geldestone Fen, near Bungay, Suffolk. Mr. Stone. (In a turbary north of Tyfry, between that and Hendref, Anglesey; a spot which Mr. Davies indicates as well worthy the inspection of the Botanist in each season of the year. At Preswick Carr, Northumberland; and on the Durham moors. Mr. Winch. E.) According to Hedwig, P., and ripening its capsules in July. A. March-May.

(Messrs. Turner and Hooker concur in opinion that Dickson's S. Turnerianum, E. Bot. 1116, (S. sagittifolium, With.) is only a var. of S. ampullaceum. The whole plant is smaller, and the apophysis of the capsule narrower than in the common appearance. E.)

S. ANGUSTA TUM. Receptacle egg-shaped: fruit-stalk very short: leaves serrated upwards, hair-pointed.

Hedw. Stirp. ii. 12—(E. Bot. 1132—Musc. Brit. ix. E.) Upright, not branched, nearly one inch high. Leaves larger towards the top of the plant, sometimes a little toothed towards the end. Fruit-stalk hardly rising above the leafy involucrum. Capsule cone-shaped, but

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