when growing in an open exposure, but in chinks of shady rocks they become luxuriant, assuming the appearance of T. pyxidiferum, and never bearing fructifications. Griff. Capsules two-valved, furnished with an elastic ring, and placed round the style-like column within the twoleaved involucrum. Sm. TUNBRIDGE GOLDILOCKS. (Welsh: Rhedynach teneuwe. Hymenophyllum Var. 2. Fructifications on naked fruit-stalks. Bolt. 31. Its habit, as represented by Mr. Bolton, is considerably different from that in E. Bot. and though the latter has indeed fruit-stalks springing from the mid-rib, they are not naked, but pass within the substance to the edge of the leaf. Rocks under Dolbadern castle, near the lake of Llanberris; and on the rock called Foal-foot on Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Bolton. (T. ALA'TUM. Hook. Fl. Lond. 53—E. Bot. 1417—Bolt. 30—R. Syn. 3. 3. p. 128. As this rare plant has hitherto been but imperfectly understood, we transcribe the very elaborate description of Dr. Hooker. Caudex creeping, the thickness of a sparrow's quill, clothed here and there with thick, downy roots. Stipe two to four inches long, flexuose, with a membranous margin. Frond four inches to a span high, ovatolanceolate, triplicato-pinnatifid. The primary pinne three inches long, the upper ones gradually shorter; and those as well as the secondary ones ovato-lanceolate, with the lacineæ linear, undivided, emarginate, or bifid, and the margins entire; furnished with a slender brown nerve or mid-rib, prominent on both sides, and running through the middle. Rachis winged with a broad foliaceous margin. The substance of the frond is membranous, smooth, beautifully reticulated, with roundish areolie. Colour brownish green. Involucres in the axils of the pinnulæ, solitary, of one leaf, oblongo-turbinate, between carnose and membranous, not serrated, but slightly notched on one side; the sides winged. Receptacle in the centre of the involucre, filiform, exserted. Capsules rounded, sessile, fixed by the disk, compressed, brown, collected together near the middle of the receptacle, their disk reticulated, the elastic ring large. Seeds round. WINGED-STALKED GOLDILOCKS. T. alatum and T. brevisetum. Br. in Hort. Kew. (T. brevisetum. Eng. Fl. E.) T. pyridiferum. Huds. and Bolt., but not of Linn. T. pyxidiferum, and T. Tunbridgense, var. 3. With. Hymenophyllum alatum, E. Bot. H. Tunbridgense ß. Fl. Brit. Filix humilis repens. Ray. On dripping rocks; first observed by Dr. Richardson, at Belbank, half a mile from Bingley, Yorkshire, at the head of a remarkable spring, as recorded by Dillenius in Ray Syn. Found there also by Mr. Teesdale, in 1782, but has been since extirpated, according to Hailstone in Whitaker's Craven. In Ireland it is more common, having been discovered at Powerscourt waterfall, and in several spots of the romantic parts of Kerry. On shady banks and rocks exposed to the spray of the waterfall above Turk Cottage, Killarney, growing with the very rare Jungermannia Hutchinsiæ. Mr. Mackay. E.) MUSCI. SPHAGNUM.* Barr. Fl. club-shaped: Anthers flat: Caps. on the same plant, sessile: Mouth smooth, covered with a lid, without any entire veil. S. PALUS'TRE. Branches bent downwards, (swollen: leaves ovate, blunt, ventricose. E.) Hedw. Th. 12. 42 to 45, and 13. 46. 47, Hist. i. 1. 1, Ib. ii. 3. 9—(E. Bot. 1405-Musc. Brit. iv. E.)-Vaill. 23. 3-Dill. 32. 1—Fl. Dan. 474 -Schmid. 58. 5—Pluk. 101. 1—Scheuch. It. i. 5, 4, at p. 38-Lob. Ic. ii. 242. 2-Dod. 472. 1—Ger. Em. 1559. 1-Park. 1306. n. 1. The capsules burst with a cracking noise. Linn. Stems growing many together, from three to twelve inches high, upright, sometimes divided. Branches at short distances, two, three, or four from the same part, heavy and hanging down from abundance of moisture. Leaves white, egg-shaped, concave, soft, tiling the branches. Capsules at first sessile, but afterwards they attain short fruit-stalks. Dill. Involucrum scaly. Capsules nearly globular, when open urn-shaped, generally several together at the top of the stem. Lid convex, pointed, deciduous. GREY BOG-MOSS. (S. latifolium. Hedw. Sm. Purt. S. obtusifolium. Hoffm. Hook. Grev. E.) Common peat bogs. P. July-Aug.+ Var. 2. The whole habit more slender, more branched; capsules smaller. Schmid. 58. 6-Dill. 32. 2—Hedw. Hist. i. 3. 3—Mapp. at p. 200. C.-E. Bot. 1406-Musc. Brit. iv. E.) (S. capillifolium. Hedw. Sm. S. acutifolium. Ehrh. Hook. Grev. E.) Var. 3. Whole plant of a beautiful peach colour. On Bogs in the New Forest, Hants. In var. 1, the leafits are concave, oblong, blunt; in 2, flat, awl-shaped, sharp. S. ALPI'NUM. Somewhat branched, upright: (leaves bristle-shaped, straightish: capsule somewhat ovate, furrowed: stalk zigzag : veil fringed. E.) * (A name adopted from Pliny by Dillenius and Linnæus; but to what kind of Moss it was originally applied cannot now be ascertained, any more than its correct significátion. E.) (Mr. W. Curtis obtained the reward of the Society of Arts for his valuable application of this Moss to the packing of young trees for exportation. It should be laid in courses between the trees, and being wonderfully retentive of moisture, and seeming to possess an antiseptic property, which totally prevents fermentation or putrefaction, vegetation actually proceeds during the time the trees remain enclosed. Month. Mag. vol. 28. 309. Used by the Lapland women to wrap their children in cradles thus lined affording an excellent defence from cold. This genus of plants is singularly elegant, even to the naked eye, but far more interesting when its beauties are displayed under the lens. E.) (E. Bot. 1491-Musc. Brit. xvi—Dill. 32. 3 and 47. 33. E.) Of a beautiful green colour. Capsules egg-shaped. Leaves strap-spearshaped, pointing three ways. Neck. In a dense compact tuft, about a finger's length, sometimes dividing in the middle into two or three branches. Leaves a splendid intense green, long, narrow-pointed, straight, stiff. (Mr. Griffith brought from Snowdon plants of S.alpinum, and placed them under a waterspout, where they soon became Bryum flexuosum. Its luxuriant growth in bogs accounts for its want of capsules. When this plant is moist, Mr. Griffith observes, the capsules lie concealed amongst the leaves by a singular hygrometric quality in the fruit-stalk; but as the moisture exhales, they become nearly upright by several spiral revolutions from right to left. In B. (Mnium) heteromallum the revolutions of the fruit-stalk are reversed. E.) (ZIGZAG BOG-MOSS. Dicranum flexuosum. Hedw. Sm. Hook. Grev. Purt. also Bryum flexuosum. Linn. Huds. Lightf. Dicks. With. to Ed. vii. Turf bogs and wet rocks, on high moors, rare. Pentland Hills. Grev. Edin. High ground in Ragley woods, Warwickshire. Purton. E.) Bogs on Cader Idris, and Snowdon. Dillenius. But I have never found it there in fructification. Mr. Griffith. S. ARBOREUM. Branched, creeping; capsules lateral, pointing one way. See Fontinalis secunda. (S. cuspidatum. E. Bot. 2392. Branches attenuated; leaves lanceolatosubulate, lax. Musc. Brit. iv. Hooker suspects it may prove only a var. of S. palustre. E.) PHAS'CUM. Capsule egg-shaped, furnished with a veil, but without a lid, or only an imperfect one which does not fall off. (1) Capsule sessile. P. ACAU'LON. (Stemless: leaves egg-shaped, hair-pointed, concave, the upper ones folding over each other: capsule broad-oval. E.) Schreb. Phasc. 1. 1 and 2—Curt. 276—(E. Bot. 2025-Musc. Brit. v. E.)— Dill. 32. 11—Fl. Dan. 249. 3—Happ. ii. Phasc. 1. a.—Neck. Meth. 1. 1, at p. 273, a veil magnified—Pet. i. 95. 14. A few lines in length, growing in clusters, assuming rather a globular shape from the convergency of the leaves, which are rather broad, membranous, concave, soft, nerveless, green, delicate, ending in a short hair which is more conspicuous in the dry plant. Capsule little larger than the poppy seed, so concealed within the middlemost leaves as to be more readily felt than seen. Dill. Although there is no proper lid to the capsule it opens at the top. The veils incline to one side. (SHARP-LEAVED DWARF EARTH-MOSS. (P. cuspidatum. Hedw. Gmel. Sm. Hook. Grev. Purt. E.) Heaths and ditch banks, garden walls, especially in a sandy soil, not uncommon; but on account of its minuteness, and the leaves secreting the capsules, it is generally overlooked. A. March. P. MUTICUM. Stemless: leaves egg-shaped, concave, converging, not terminating in hairs. Schreb. Phasc. 1. 11 and 12-(E. Bot. 2027. E.)-Dill. 32. 12-Vaill. 27. 2. Whole plant smaller than the preceding, capsules rounder and more shining, red yellow; leaves paler, not ending in a grey hair. Capsules ripe a month sooner. Dill. (BEARDLESS EARTH-MOSS. E.) P. acaulon B. Linn. Garden walks, hedges, ditch banks. A. Jan.-Feb. P. SUBULATUM. Stem short: leaves spear-strap-shaped, upper ones bristle-shaped, broad at the base. Hedw. Stirp. i. 35-(Schmid. 58. 1-Curt. 275-E. Bot. 2177-Musc. Brit. v. E.)-Fl. Dan. 249. 2-Happ. ii. Phascum. 1. b.-Dill. 32. 10—Vaill. 29. 9. Capsules continuing all the summer, reddish and yellowish, in autumn ripening, turning brown, and opening. R. Syn. So minute as hardly to be visible if it did not grow in patches; from two to three lines high. Weis. Shoots not branched. Veil covering the capsule, conical, scored, blunt, of short duration. Neck. In a rich soil sometimes half an inch high, and with two or three branches towards the top. Barren flower in the bosom of the leaves. Lid none. Hedw. Only three or four lines high, but growing in patches is readily found, and the capsules not larger than a seed of tobacco, are very visible on account of the slenderness of the leaves. Dill. They frequently fall off without opening. AWL-LEAVED EARTH-MOSS. Heaths in a sandy soil; ditch banks; not A. March--Aug. uncommon. P. SERRATUM. Shoots thread-like, jointed, branched; leafits of the involucrum spear-shaped, serrated. Dicks. Dicks. 1. 1-Schreb. p. 8. t. 2—E. Bot. 460-Musc. Brit. v. E.) Extremely minute, at first sight resembling a thread-like Byssus, and would scarcely be obvious to the naked eye if it did not grow in patches. It seems a link which connects the Musci and the Alga, partaking of Phas cum and Conferva. It consists of numerous green filaments, which through a glass appear creeping, cylindrical, branched, jointed like a Conferva, the interstices pellucid, the joints darker green. Branches alternate, forked, awl-shaped at the end. Capsules egg-shaped, pointed, sessile irregularly on the sides of the shoot near its base: tawny when ripe. It has no lid which separates. The involucrum consists of three or four spear-shaped leaves, pointed and serrated. Schreber and Weber seem not to have been aware that the jointed shoots belong to the plant. Dicks. (The veil is described as small, and of a pale brownish colour. Probably the most diminutive of British Mosses. E.) (SERRATED OR CAPILLARY-BRANCHED EARTH-MOss. E.) On the north side of Muswell Hill, near Highgate. Dickson. (Moist banks. Braid Hill marshes. Mr. G. Don. Grev. Edin. E.) April. (P. stoloniferum. Dicks. 7. 2. E. Bot. 2006. and With. to Ed. vii. is now considered a var. of this species; but rather larger, the shoots longer, the space betwixt the joints longer, and the leafits bluntly toothed and reticulated. Growing on clay near Walthamstow. E.) P. ALTERNIFOLIUM. Fertile stem short: barren stems taller, upright: leaves alternate, awl-shaped. Dicks. Dicks. 1. 2—(E. Bot. 2107—Musc. Brit. v. E.) Barren and fertile stems growing intermixed, and forming small green tufts. Barren shoots undivided, thread-shaped, fully half an inch high. Leaves very short, awl-shaped, alternate, rather bulging at the base, expanding at the ends. Fertile shoots undivided, one-eighth of an inch high. Leaves awl-bristle-shaped, as long again as the capsule. Capsule, one at the end of each shoot, single, sessile, buried in the leaves, inversely egg-shaped, pale yellow. Dicks. ALTERNATE-LEAVED EARTH-MOSS. Bogs. Gamlingay Bogs, Cambridgeshire. Mr. Griffith. P. CURVICOL'LUM. (2) Capsule on a fruit-stalk. April. Stemless fruit-stalks crooked: leaves spear-shaped, taper-pointed, expanding. Dicks. 1. 3—Hedw. Stirp. i. 11-(Hook. Fl. Lond. 54-Musc. Brit. v.— E. Bot. 905. E.) Plant extremely minute, hardly visible to the naked eye, unless growing in clusters and bearing its swollen capsules. Involucrum, leaves straight, strap-spear-shaped; the other leaves egg-spear-shaped. Fruit-stalks very much bowed. Capsules egg-shaped, brown and mottled when ripe. Veil very small. Lid with a short beak. Often mixed with Bryum argenteum. Ripens in May. Hedw. Leaves mid-ribbed, as long as the fruit-stalk. CROOKED-STALKED EARTH-MOSs. In barren grassy places near Croydon. Dickson. (On banks near Clapham, Bedfordshire. Near Findon, Sussex; and Beverley, Yorkshire. Bot. Guide. E.) P. PILIFERUM. With a stem: leaves egg-oblong, upright, hair-pointed: (capsule globose, upright. E.) Schreb. Phasc. 1. 6 to 10-(E. Bot. 1888. E.) (This plant is remarkable for it hoary appearance occasioned by the long white filiform extremities of the leaves, which are generally short and obtuse. E.) (BEARDED EARTH-MOSS. P. cuspidatum, var. Musc. Brit. P. acaulon_of With. April. E.) P. AXILLA'RE. With a stem: capsules not taller than the leaves: leaves awl-shaped, keeled, somewhat fasciculated. Hedw. Stirp. i. 34—Dicks. 1. 3.—(E. Bot. 1036-Musc. Brit. v. E.) Exceedingly small; about one-eighth of an inch high, upright, sometimessending out one or two branches at the base. Leaves, slender, bristleshaped, surrounding the stems and rising above the ends. Capsules, egg-shaped, taper-pointed, on short fruit-stalks, sometimes from the sides of the stem and bosom of the leaves, but mostly terminal, solitary, or in pairs, naked or distinct, though the leaves extend beyond them; when ripe brownish. Dicks. LATERAL-FRUITED EARTH-MOSS. P. axillare. Dicks. i. 2. Sm. Hook. Grev. P. nitidum. Hedw. With. to Ed. vii. By Hooker identified also with Dickson's P. strictum, though somewhat different to the fig. E. Bot. 2093. E.) Bogs on heaths. Sept. P. RECTUM. Stemless: fruit-stalk thrice the length of the leaves: leaves spear-shaped, mid-ribbed, fine-pointed. |
