Future මම් මතු ලොව්තුරා දහම්බජනන්නෙම්,orනෙමි. singular —I shall in future conform (myself) to preeminent doctrines. ඇප්මතු ලොව්තුරා දහම් බජන්නමු, or නමෝ. plural -We shall in future conform (ourselves) to preeminent doctrines. 49. When verbal appellatives called 8∞, by reason of an established usage, assume the form of Participial or verbal nouns, by being inflected, they admit of gender and case, but without a distinction of tense; e. g. a sinçus óvnosiasi amigo. Gowteme, the present Ruler (masculine gender) of righteousness. unsindeoL48. Ignorance the distresser (feminine gender) of souls. මායාතු සිපුරෙහි වුසු. 69. Maya, the dweller (feminine gender) in the City of Thosithe. * මඟ මුහුණු සෙම්නස් නම් පසේබුදුවනුයේ. The ocl, called Somnas, the becomer (mas. gender) of Pasa Budha. † විසා උවැසි රහන්පලබජන්තී. Visakah, the female ascetic, the attainer (feminine gender) of Ráhát. ‡ 50. Hence know the changes of the verb in the Causal ; mood sęcs; the Imperative & (which last admits of only the second and third persons); the Benedictive mood the Conditional mood ; and the Passive voice in its three tenses. § Thosithe is the name of one of the many heavens of comparative bliss, known to the Budhists. are inferior Budhas, "who frequently appeared in the world previous to the birth of Gowteme Budha. Although they assumed the habits of Budhist ascetics, and practised the austerities which lead to Nirwana or final emancipation; yet they obtained this state without any of the legislative or other prerogatives peculiar to a Budha, and rendered (little or) no assistance to others."-Clough. Rahat means worthy of adoration-also an order of the priesthood or saints, who subdued the evil propensities of human nature, called @, and possessed the power of Irdi, flying in the air. The Rev. Mr. Lambrick (see his Singlialese Grammar, p. 26.) has treated some of these modifications of the verb, as Voices. Except the Passive, they 8 is that which indicates a causality as caused to be, or done by another. In this sense the termination may be added to the crude verb. e. g. කම් කෙලෙස්සසර පන න්බිම වී. Sensual desires, and the evil propensities (of our nature) have caused the souls of men to be whirled in metempsychosis. Note, that the verb in this sense may also be used in the first and second persons: also, that neuter verbs require an accusative, and active verbs more than one accusative; and that the word denoting the instrument by which the act is caused to be done, takes the inflexion by; as සුදෙට අතවැසිලවාමේ පිසවා. to be cooked by the mate. The chief cook causes meals Note that this inflexion may at pleasure be omitted; as මුවටස් න යුතු බුන්දිදී දෙවාදරුවන්. Giring fragrant Betel, (he) causes the same to be distributed by children. 51. When the verb, either in the present or future tense, expresses an order or entreaty with reference to the second or third person, it is put in the Imperative. Its terminations in the singular are q, , qotos, and six-and in the plural &, and C. are, we believe, more properly designated Moods. For, says Professor Wilson (See his Sans rit Grammar, p. 135) “It is desirable that some notion should be entertained of those secondary or derivative forms of which the single verb admits. Some of these might perhaps be more correctly designated as moods; for causality, desire, frequency, or intensity, are but different modes or conditions of the same action; and the modifications by which they are expressed are no more to be regarded as distinct verbs because they take all the tenses of the simple verb, than the moods of the Greek verb, of which the same circumstance may be predicated." It is remarkable also that the Benedictive, which is included in the English Imperative, is in the Singhalese, as in the Sanscrit and Pali separately treated of. EXAMPLES. 4-2gnone. O Brahamin! eat to-morrow. j—~:6¬¿dud. Live long, O mighty person! අන්නේ— මේකර මේ පිසන්නේ. victuals. Let the cook dress the ❤don—85@çudoçusion. Lord preach thou (thy) doctrines. Plural, අව් - ගුණෙකැත්නමෙහි බජව්. If there be any merit here, hold ye fast. -සුජනෙන යහක් දක්කු. O virtuous! behold prosperity. Note, that the imperative frequently has a benedictive signification. 52. When the verb in any of the three persons expresses a wholesome wish, in futuro, and which is not realized, at the time expressed it is in the Optative or Benedictive mood.* It obtains the termination ɔ. EXAMPLES. සරසවිය මා මුව තඹර ඉස්බේවා - May Sarascetee dcell in the Lotus of my mouth. Góðóðu@8. May (thou) the supreme of men live prosperously. දියහිය කිරීමෙහි වන් වෙම්වා. lay I be ponverful in ameliorating the world. 53. When the above verbs have a passive signification, it is necessary to use terminations proper to the Passive voice, "The Benedictive mood-The term by which the power of this mood is defined imports 'blessing;' but as there is also connected with it the notion of 'wish', and as this wish or desire may concern oneself as well as another, the term 'optative' would better indicate its character; as තාන්න දෙවාවිධෙයා සුර්යනරාවන ද්වයං || සපතනාංධි විජීයා සම සංග්‍රාවේට මාෂිමගේ. 6 May the Gods direct us, so that we may either conquer such enemies as Ravena, or die-It is used sometimes optionally with the imperative in a benedictory sense : චිරංජීත් or විරජි වතුභවාන්; ' May Your Excellency live long."-Wilson's Grammar, p. 405. regarding which the following modifications may be observed, that is to say; in the past tense, the letter is inserted between the crude verb and its termination, and the vowels inherent in the crude verb are changed: in the present and future tenses, the inherent vowel in the crude verb is also changed, and the syllable is lengthened. EXAMPLES. අග මහගිණිකලෙකැ දවිනි. The thicket of (kleshe) sensual desires was burnt by the fire of the chief course (nivene.) සුපිරි චතුර ඇනියග වැසේ. The fire of trifling sin is covered with the water of virtuous merit. සසුන් පිරිස තැඳානන් විසින් සතර රූමැවෙන්නේ. Afigure of Budha will at the termination of his religion be formed by the (assemblage of the) constituent parts of his body. Note, that in paraphrasing a sentence the verb in the Passive voice may be rendered, by the addition to it of the root e (expressing the sustaining of the act), also, that certain neuter verbs in the active voice take a passive termination; as a (was) brightened. When the agent and the object are the same (as when a thing is produced of itself), the verb frequently takes a passive termination; c. g. ¿éon The loft (was) broken) (of itself.) Note, that the Imperative takes the termination ; as o do, as eat. Note also, that in the plural number, terminations proper to the same must be used. 54. When the verb, without any distinction of either person or tense, expresses a contingency, or indicates a time (for the cause and consequence) it is in the Conditional mood,* and takes the termination ; as "This mood" says Professor Wilson," is considered as equivalent of the potential when cause is indicated as well as consequence, or when one act or condition is contingent upon another act or condition, and whether, the cause and consequence be future or past. Like the potential, it is commonly used with the same conditional particles.”—Grammar, p. 405. නොබැරිතැතැතියන පංචගපත. If the zcalous rish-to-go to Nivene, (they) are not unable (to do so). වනත බැරිමුණිගුණ සියල්. When all the rirtues of Budha are proclaimed, they are felt weighty උරදාකල් කර තඔසුනිතන සා ඳවන්. When a child is dead, cause to cease (i. e. prevent the accumulation of) human milk by means of medicine. Note, that the following are also examples of the Conditional mood;-and that it is desirable to be guided by usage in employing terminations— o@idxɔosulSc. It would be impossible to (comprehend) if you think of the universe. Dansinisiq . If by means of meditations, Nivene would be possible. සස්තියහෙකි. It were well if truth be told. 25 mgêve.. It were well if virtuous acts be performed. 55. When a verb is preceded by, and has relation to, a past act; the last named act or verb (which is the past participle) takes the following inflexions, viz. qu, on, oi, gsi, &c. or any of the above added to c. But (which is the present participle followed by a verb) takes the following inflections, 3, 3, and §. EXAMPLES. ඇ;- බවනැත යහ විඳිත්. Having crossed the ocean of metempsychosis, he enjoys prosperity. ❤;—306@yn29. Having accomplished the Paremitas, t they attained Budhahood. ඊ;-ගිරි නිලම කැනෙකැයි සැකී. Having doubted that it was a cluster of Giri-nil (chinoria myxa) flowers. කො ඉන්-පවිටු • See Professor Wilson's Sanscrit Grammar, § 249 et seg: + See Clough, p. 387. vol. 11. A peculiarity in the idiom of the language. |