ආට-කුළු නැතියාට ( ආට) කෙපරහු. Which is the enemy of the benevolent? 2. Shewing the same inflexions as those in the Accusative without alteration. අසිරිවමිය (අ) පියතම *උවිඳු. Uvindoo is the husband of Siriwamia, උ-මුණවීර (උ)ගුණ අපිරිසත් The virtues of Budha are without limit (boundless.) ආ - හුනමින් ගුම්දුම් යෝනා (ආ) මියුරු රහහත්. Hearing the tumult of torrents the peacock began dancing. 4-(1) Resist not the command of the හු- රජහු අනනොඟු. king. 3. Shewing the same inflexions as those proper to the Accusative, but with the addition of to each of them. අ, හේ - ගිරි දුවගේ (අධිෆ් ) හිමි නිල්හෙලේ. Nilgeyley the husband of Giridoowe. † C,ˆd-upɔ∞(zod) Idam‚§. Somy, the son of moon. ආ, ගේ - තුනුවගාගේ (ආගේ) පසසරාසරා සඳ මද මරුවට සත්වන ඇ. The autumnal moon, the gentle breeze, the forest in spring &c. are the partizans of Cupid. § • Urindov➡is an appellation for Vishnu, and Siriwamiye for Lakshmee, + Ni'geyley means "blue-neck," one of the epithets for Siva; and Giridoowe means "Daughter-of-Rock " a designation of Uma. Somy is a term for the Planet Mercury. § Although we have rendered and Autumnal and Spring respectively, being the nearest terms in the English, it may perhaps be necessary to explain the divisions of the Seasons by the Singhalese, which are as follows: First, they are divided into six, each division comprising two months; viz. 1, in Spring (April-May); 2 e hot (June-July); 3 Džɔ rainy (August-September), 4 cổ ♂ Autumn (October-November); ¿nviðsið misty (December-January) and 6 £6 cold (February-March). Secondly, they are divided into three, in a religious point of view, viz. 1, Aềwɔsi hot, (April, May, June, and July); 2, cœɔɔrainy. (August, September, October and November); and 3, Qvið Si∞ misty-dew, (December, January, February and March.) හු,ගේ- සංසිහුගේ (හුගේ ) කහ වෙස් ද මෙහි ති වටහන් සළු පිලි . Thiwete* accepted the garments of the lion of Sakkiye, upon his being invested with a yellow robe (habit). Observe, that words of an Ablative signification sometimes govern the Genitive †—as සියපානට වඩා සේගමනපාසපුමෙන් Like a creeping (feetless) snake swifter in pace than a centipede; පංලළුනුවරටර ජගහ නුවර සත්ත්යොත්නෙක්. The city of Rajagaha (was) seven yoduns (distant) from (of) the city of Peleloop;—මහබෝමැඩට ඉසාන ෆෙන්හීරූවසක්මන The golden walk was on the north-east point of the great Bô. The eighth, or Locative case. 33. That which sustains the weight of either the agent or the object is in the Locative case. Its terminations in 8,,, and ; and in the plural the singular are EXAMPLES. — එහි - කුලෙහි (එහි) නොලැඟිමු නිපිත්. The-son-of-Budha was not enticed by ( in ) the family. d—978 (2) Bloq 58. In that city was a king. හි - සිත්හි (හි) තබාඇදුරු උගහා. Keep in mind the instructions of a teacher. ඇ—මුනිබස (අ) කරා ඇදහිලි. In the word of Budha place confidence (faith). අන්ගි - පහනැතඹරන්හි (අන්හි) බමන බමරමුඵතමඹ පිරිසෙස් wo552cc. Swarms of bees, which at day light Observe 1st, that 68 (in) governs the Locative; as යෝනන් කෙරෙහි කල්හි ගුණඑකසුර. Wich quality is it that. is continuously the same in youth? * 80 is a name for Brahamà; and the Lion of Sakkiye, means chief of the Sakkiye race, an epithet for Budha. + Vide Wils: p. 381. §o. "The Locative case expresses the site or the receptacle of any object, whether substantial, or ideal; that in, or upon, or over which, any other thing is situated, any act performed, any property exhibited, or any notion comprehended.” &c.—Wï's»n, § 291. Observe 2ndly, that where an act is dependent upon another, although the first dependent act or verb receives the addition of (whilst, when, having,) which has a Locative signification; yet the noun which is the agent of that first verb is in the Accusative case; as මදුර සරන්යාදීවෙසතුරු තනන්දිනි. . When the daughter of (king) Madu had gone to the wilderness, Wessantere gave away (his) children. Observe 3rdly, that when time is expressed in relation to an act, although the agent of that act bears a Locative signification, it is nevertheless put in the Accusative; as බලාවා ලදල යුතු විදු දිවි දහර ලඹ කස් මහමේර කුසු හමුවත පිය නම් මතුරුදපවන O eloped (separated) wife! when thou encounterest the spirit (Rhaksha) of a threatening cloud-having, the tongue of lightning-flowing (drooping) hair of rain—and the long teeth of a continuous flock of cranes-repeat (mutter) the charms of (thy) husband's name. The ninth, or Vocative case. 34. That which calls forward, or addresses one is put in the Vocative case. Its terminations in the singular number are q, q, and ; and in the plural gxi, usi, and, or 8H. A, and also 3.* ඇ—පුතැ (අ) තෙමිය සිරෙණී ඉතිපුවල තෙප්ස් ' දහම්කිමපල Son, Prince ↑ Theymiye, you who are thus powerful, why have you manifested treachery (deceit)?— The Student will perceive that the case terminations proper to the Vocative, with the exception of , are altogether different from those of the Nominative; thus exhibiting in the Singhalese a peculiarity which is unknown to the Sanscrit family of languages. For, says Professor Bopp, in his Comparative Grammar, at p. 217, § 204, "The Vocative in the Sanscrit family of languages has either no case-sign at all, or is identical with the Nominative: the former is the principle, the latter the practical corruption, and is limited in Sanscrit to monosyllabic bases terminating in a vowel." Although in the commentary, is rendered Prince, yet it prosperous, as 'Son, prosperous you is here used in the singular, with a view, as in some other languages may be translated, perhaps with greater reason, Themiye,' &c. It is also remarkable, that plural, instead of to convey respect to the person addressed. F C—xɩ66¿Iw6 (4). O great king, mayest thou live long! ❤-GAY(4)Ds.saggea. O moon! do not inflame sin– gle women. ඉන්-සවඟින් (ඉන්) සැනහෙසදහමින්. Nears!be comforted by the doctrines of Budha. එන්-සජනෙන් (එන්) මහාපරබ්ලිව්. Good people ! look to an after-world. නෙන් - සත්නෙන් (නෙන්) දුලද නොබජව්. Good people ! harbour not schisms.* ඉනි— නෙතිනි (ඉනි) නරඹා මුනිර... Eyes ! behold the figure of Budha. එනි—මහනෙනි (එන) බවුන්නොපිරිරව්. Priestsk relinquish not meditations. හෙනි—වත්නෙනි(නෙනි)නොවව් ඉසුරුමත්. O rich men ! be not intoxicated with prosperity. නි—බිඳුනි (නි) මිලොලිකල් ඉත්තඹරෙ! රේදඟ නොවා . O bees! from a lust of honey (sweets) tarry not long in the womb of the lotus. නි-නියවත්නි(නි)තනවනසා. O cise ! destroy covetousness. Note, if there be any other terminations not included in any of the above declensions, and also the termination & which may be produced by es, (the mutation of nouns or verbs into each other, &c.) the learner may be guided by usage in the use of them. † Note also, the declension of the personals, (thou,) that, this, I, &c. in both the masculine and feminine genders, may be acquired by usage without much difficulty. O good people! it is possible that man could live well, like a gem in the society of the learned, destitute of ignor * All except Budhism would be comprehended in this term. +ome, which occurs in the original, may lead one reasonably to suppose that the commentator, whose words we have given in the text, is in error. The meaning of the Grammarian evidently is "If there be any other terminations not included in any of the above declensions, and also in the other inflexions called (a division of Grammar sepafately treated of) the learner may be guided by usage in the use of them." ance, by learning the Sidath'sangerawe-a work to knowledge profitable and published briefly by Pathi'raja-piriwena. End of the fourth Chapter. * The last sentence in the text is the translation of a beautiful Stanza in the Singhalese, embodying by way of illustration the nine cases of which the last chapter treats. The Stanza, and its translation, shewing the several cases are subjoined ; දෙනෙ (1) දන මෙසිදත (2) පති රජපි දදබැවිනි ( 6 ) වරවැ මහ ගතුක රවන (3) රුවන 6182(7) සෙබෙ ( 8 ) වතිව ජඹෙන සජනෙනි(9) වැ රුවන. O GOOD PEOPLE! (9) it is possible that MEN (1) could live well like a gem in the SOCIETY (8) of learned MEN (7) by being shorn of (from) IGNORANCE, (6) by learning this SIDAT SANGEKAWE (2)—to KNOWLEDGE (5) profitableand published by means of SHORTNESS (4) by PATHIRAJE PIRIWENA (3). While the reader is struck by the smoothness and polish of the above Stanza, his admiration of the tact and the ability of the Grammarian is indeed great; for he perceives in the above not only an illustration of the nine cases; bat an illustration of them in the order in which the Grammarian has treated them. To sum up the whole in one rule, the translator has attempted a literal translation shewing the respective signs, or the peculiarities of each case, which may be thus illustrated in English : The first case is men. It is neither the instrumental, because the agent with its proper sign is already found in the sentence, nor does it belong to any other case; but at the same time veys the signification of agency. It is therefore properly put in the first, or Nominative case, is in the second or Accusative case, because it is the object governed by the verb to learn. Sóló, en Pathiraje Piriwena is in the third or Instrumental case, because it is, apart from its sense, indicated by the sign by, by means of shortness, which means by-means-of-being-condensed, is in the fourth or Auxiliary case, because by means of, indicative of assistance, governs this case. is the fifth or Dative case, signifying to or for a thing. con toknowledge, shorn (of) from ignorance, is the sixth or Ablative case, indicating a separation from a thing. 6 of learned men, which is the seventh or Genitive case, indicates possession, by thy sign of. es in the society, is the Locative or the eighth case, indicated by the preposition in, which conveys an inherency. The last is the locative, being good people, whom the writer has addressed. For a synopsis of the nine cases see Appendix C. F* |