mother of the present duke, a daughter of the house of Choiseul-Gouffier. MR. LOWER will find further information in Burke's Extinct Peerage, under the head of "Fitz-James, Duke of Berwick," and in the Annuaire de la Noblesse de France for 1844 and 1852. The right of the present duke to bear the arms of England is no doubt derived through the grant made to his ancestor when the Dukedom of Berwick was created. JAS. CROSBY. Forensic Wit (2nd S. ii. 168. 238.)- According to my tradition, the lines were addressed to Garrow "Garrow forbear," &c. Which is cor rect, Pell or Garrow? "On Serjeants-at-Law. "The Serjeants are a grateful race, Their robes and speeches shew it, Their purple robes all come from Tyre, "On two Physicians attending in the Court of Chancery. "Two learned doctors took their stand They go not to the Common Pleas, For there Recoveries are." fixions* (Jahn, Archæol. iii. s. 260.); and he is confirmed by Plautus (Mostellaria, I. i. 12.). "Ego dabo ei talentum, primus qui in crucem excucurrerit: Sed ea lege, ut affigantur bis pedes, bis brachia." Compare Tertullian against the Jews, c. 1. and against Marcion, iii. 19. T. J. BUCKTON. Lichfield. As I was looking through a very fine Greek Psalter of the eleventh century in the British Museum, I found a miniature of the crucifixion, in which was the curious bar for the feet mentioned by your correspondent A. P. G. G., but in this case it was horizontal; still no doubt for the same purpose. The feet however were not tied, but nailed separately, which is usual in Greek paintings, though in Western examples we usually find one nail piercing both feet. JOHN C. JACKSON. 17. Sutton Place, Lower Clapton. Rev. Thomas Crane (2nd S. ii. 124. 233.) G. N. will find a biographical notice of the Rev. Thomas Crane in the continuation of Dr. Calamy's Account of the Ejected Ministers, pp. 421, 422., or Who does not remember Shakspeare's play in Palmer's Nonconformists' Memorial, which is, upon fines and recoveries? The Greek Cross (2nd S. ii. 190.) This term is applied to the form of the Greek X (chi), the initial letter of Xpíσtos (Christ); whilst the term Latin cross is given to the form of the obelisk †, the representation of the cross of Christ. The form of the Greek cross as given by your correspondent (), with the lower transverse bar placed diagonally, indicates "Christ on the cross," and is rudely equivalent to a crucifix, this bar placed across the upright shaft forming the letter X for Christ. "they The supposition of the Russian priest, that the Saviour's feet were not nailed to the cross, has no foundation in fact. The Psalm (xxii.) which our Saviour repeated on the cross, commencing "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" contains in the 16th verse the expression pierced my hands and my feet," and in Luke (xxiv. 39, 40.) Jesus refers to his hands and feet to identify himself to his disciples as the crucified Saviour. Both Gregory Nazianzen and Cyprian concur in the nailing of the Saviour's feet, differing only as to whether one nail or two were used; the latter, however, who affirms that a nail was driven through each foot, is the better authority, as he had personally witnessed cruci in fact, a new edition of Dr. Calamy's work rearranged with additions, the second edition (in three vols. 8vo., 1803) being the best. From this work of Dr. Calamy, which is the chief depositary of information concerning the later Puritan divines, the brief notice of Mr. Crane copied by G. N. was evidently taken. The place at which he settled was Beaminster, Dorset (not Bedminster). JOSHUA WILSON. Tunbridge Wells. Nearsightedness (2nd S. ii. 149. 236.) — Nearsightedness is not so uncommon among the vulgar as fine ladies and gentlemen suppose, and some of them would probably "affect the defect" less assiduously if they knew that the "purblindness of the lower classes was very often nothing more than short sight. It is not so conspicuous among the poor because they do not mitigate it by a glass, and seem to be unacquainted with any spectacles but magnifyers for the aged. In those parts of the country where hand-loom weaving or any other occupation requiring a long sight is practised, to be "purblind" is considered a very serious disP. P. advantage. Origin of Tennis (2nd S. ii. 210.)- With a ball, and a wall, and a hand of five fingers, you have the game of fives; with a bat of wood, and then a raquet, and two side walls, you have it on a larger scale. With a double fives court, and a roof on it for protection against the weather, you have * "Clavis sacros pedes terebrantibus, fossisque manibus."-Cyp., De Passione Christi, cxxviii. (Paris, 1726.) long fives, still sometimes played in the tennis courts, and then the game of long fives made a game of refined skill is tennis. The name is French, said to be a corruption of "tenez." Penthouse is "appentis," a lean-to roof. Grille, the grated opening. Dedans, the interior, a place where spectators stand. Tambour and chaces are both clearly French, and so are the terms deuce and advantage, used in marking. Shakspeare knew the language of the tennis court, but Charles II. re-introduced the game, and it is said there were more courts in England in his day than there are at present. It is the game of games. See also "N. & Q.," 1st S. xii. 308. A. HOLT WHITE. Richard Upton, The ninth. Sheriffes. pious diffidence, at others assumed modesty, episcopal and the papal dignity too had to be forced upon those who were elected or nominated to the high office; who would resort to subterfuge, conceal themselves, and even accuse themselves of unchastity, nay, of deadlier sins, to avoid the burthen sought to be thrust upon them. In Milner's History of the Church may be found many instances of this; and in his account of St. Ambrose in particular, the pious and amiable historian is exceedingly scandalised by the falsehoods which the saint told in order to escape being elected to the Archbishopric of Milan. In short, Nolo episcopari became the fashion, — just as our Speakers of the House of Commons used to go through the farce of being forced into the chair after their election. So that the phrase, I take it, originated in the customary practice rather than in any formal or ceremonial disavowal. DELTA. The words, "who does modestly refuse it at first," &c., down to the end of the paragraph quoted by ARTERUS from Chamberlayne's Present State of England (editions, London, 1700, 1704), are omitted in the twenty-fifth edition, London, 1718, which may intimate, at least, that Chamberlayne had then discovered the denial to be out of Yet the authority of Prynne, as quoted by use. "Maior, Nicholas Watton, Reignold at the Con- EDWARD Foss, fully justifies his question in p. 155., which yet remains unanswered. duit, Saith Grafton." In this edition of Stow's Survey the name of the mayor is clearly affixed, not prefixed. The date of the year and reign, then the sheriffs, then the armorial bearings of the mayor, and his name as mayor under. The ninth year of Edw. III. was from Jan. 25, 1335, to Jan. 24, 1336. G. H. D. I am not quite sure that I rightly apprehend MR. E. S. TAYLOR's meaning, when he says: "No mention is made of Wotton. The discrepancy in the authorities quoted is very extraordinary, but I think a reference to Stow, beginning at the commencement of the reign, will show that the above gives his list correctly, at any rate." The number in which my former note occurs is packed up for the binder; but in it I certainly mentioned that my edition of Stow (which appears to differ from MR. TAYLOR'S in other particulars also) does mention "Richard Wotton" as mayor, between the dates 1335 and 1336, as those dates stand in the margin; at all events, for the same year in which Walter Morden and Richard Upton were sheriffs. It is evident, therefore, that Stow's Chronicle underwent revision and some considerable alterations between these two small black-letter editions. J. SANSOM. "Nolo episcopari" (2nd S. ii. 155. 197.)- The origin of this saying is, I presume, to be found in the fact that for several centuries, sometimes from P. H. F. thanksgiving for all mercies vouchsafed; and whichever day may be chosen, it is kept throughout the State with much more homeside rejoicing than even Independence Day, July 4. In fact, Thanksgiving Day may be said to correspond whatever may be the season annually selected for the celebration with our Christmas Day, being a time of family and friendly meeting, and of general reconciliation in cases of interrupted intercourse from misapprehensions and petty quarrels. Each State may choose a different day, so that it is within the verge of possibility for one and the same person to keep it in all of them, year after year. The custom originated with the early Puritan settlers, and is, undoubtedly,. more honoured in the observance than in the breach!" DELTA. 66 has just been published under the title of Cathedra Petri: a Political History of the Great Latin Patriarchate, Century, by Thomas Greenwood, M. A., &c., BarristerBooks I. and II., from the First to the Close of the Fifth at-Law. In the preparation of the work, published by him some years since, on the early History of the Germans, the author was struck with certain characteristics in the history of the Roman Pontificate, which seemed to him to point out the principal sources from which Papal Rome derived the vitality which has sustained it to the present time. As his researches proceeded, and he sought to reduce the vast mass of his materials to their natural order, he came to the conclusion that all active living opinion is matter of historical fact, and capable of being treated like all other facts, without inquiry into the dogmatic propriety of the theological grounds upon which it was based. The work has consequently been undertaken in this spirit. The author proposes to investigate the facts of which he treats by rules applicable to all matters of fact; to assign to them their true historical character; to consider them in their rela tion to the social and moral state of the world, and espe "As tight as Dick's Hatband" (2nd S. ii. 189.) - May not this be an allusion to Richard Crom-cially to submit the political element in the Papal scheme well, who might be said to have found the pressure of his father's hat too heavy for him, and his hatband too tight? His sobriquet of "Tumbledown Dick" may be in some way connected with this saying, for at the time of the restoration of Charles II., the signs of Richard Cromwell were in some instances turned upside down; and perhaps in others a hasty crown was painted encircling the brows, so as to give it the appearance of the king. G. M. Z. Matthew Gwinne, M.D. (2nd S. ii. 189.) - The following particulars, from a source not generally accessible, the records or annals of the Royal College of Physicians, I have much pleasure in placing at MR. KNOWLES' service: "Dr. Gwinne was admitted a Licentiate of the College, Sept. 30, 1600; a Candidate, June 25, 1604; and a Fellow, Dec. 22, 1605. He was seven times Censor, namely, in 1608-9-10-11-16-17-20; was appointed Registrar, Dec. 22, 1608; and again Sept. 30, 1627. He became one of the Elects of the College Jan. 23, 1623-4; and died, as Wood correctly states, in 1627, not as Ward would have us believe in or after 1639. The grounds of Ward's statement were examined by Aikin, and shown to be inconclusive." -Biographical Memoirs of Medicine, p. 222. The documents from which I write prove that Dr. Gwinne actually died in October or November, 1627; for at the annual election of officers for that year (Sept. 30), Dr. Gwinne was appointed Registrar, and on the 20th of November next ensuing, Dr. Fox (son of the Martyrologist) was nominated to that office "in locum defuncti Dris Gwinne." W. MUNK, M.D. Finsbury Place. Miscellaneous, NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. We have to call the attention of our readers to a book of very considerable importance, the first volume of which to more particular consideration; to bring that element into its natural connexion with the religious scheme; and in the end, to leave it to the reader to form his own conclusions as to the validity of the Papal claims, as he may deem them maintainable upon purely historical testimony. Mr. Greenwood's work, of which the volume now issued is a first part, is complete in manuscript down to the close of the great contest of investitures in the thirteenth century. If printed in its present form, it first; and if called for by the public, provided health and would fill at least five volumes of equal bulk with the life be granted, is proposed to be completed in the same number of years by annual volumes. Such is as condensed a notice as we can give of a work which assuredly deserves the attentive perusal of all who feel an interest in the important subjects to which it is devoted. Whatever may be the opinion of Mr. Greenwood's readers as to the correctness of his views, all will, we are sure, admit that those views are the result of much laborious investigation, of much learned and patient research. Our correspondent, MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., has just published a little volume designed to form the basis of class-instruction in the science of Theoretical Logic. It is entitled Outlines of Theoretical Logic, founded on the New Analytic of Sir William Hamilton. And the author expresses a hope that he may be instrumental in giving logic a place in the curriculum of Cambridge studies, and removing from her a stigma as disgraceful as it is peculiar. As we lay no claim to the character which Butler gives his hero, of being "A literary treasure has turned up," says The Athenæum of Saturday last, "no less than a second copy of the first edition of Hamlet the quarto of 1603! During the week, an Irish bookseller has been mysteriously hawking about London this precious work, which has hitherto possessed the rarity of a manuscript. The only known copy belonged to the Duke of Devonshire, - and was reprinted a few years ago. As most readers know, the Devonshire Hamlet is imperfect, wanting the last leaf. The second copy also wants a leaf, happily, not the last, but the first the title-page. We have now, therefore, a complete copy of the original text of Hamlet; and the newly recovered leaf contains, we are told, a new and important reading. Of course, many hearts are sore at missing such a treasure. It found its way, however, into the possession of Mr. Boone, the bookseller, in Bond Street, at the cost, we believe, of 701., and, subsequently, into the hands of a well-known and indefatigable Shakspearian collector, for the moderate price of 1207. We should have been better pleased if it had been secured, by Mr. Jones, for the British Museum; but, as it did not find its way to Trafalgar Square en route to America, there is still some hope that it may hereafter find a resting-place in our National Library. We have Messrs. Boone's authority for stating that the book, which by the terms of sale to Mr. Halliwell remains in their possession for three months, may be seen at their establishment in Bond Street by Shakspearian and other students." TACITUS, LIPSIUS. With Notes. COUNTY COURTS CASES. Part XIII., &c., if Published. Crockford. *** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose: MANN'S HISTORICAL ALMANACK for 1843. THE UNCLAIMED DIVIDEND BOOKS OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND. Published by Strange & Co. LONDON OR COUNTRY DIRECTORIES, of any date. Wanted by George Burgess, 18. Lincoln Street, Bow Road. PATENT SAFES. FIRE-PROOF CHUBB & SON have on CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, PARTRIDGE & COZENS is the CHEAPEST HOUSE in the Trade for PAPER and ENVELOPES, &c.- Useful Cream-laid Note, 5 quires for 6d.; Super Thick ditto, 5 quires for 1s.; Super Cream-laid Adhesive Envelopes, 6d. per 100; Large Blue Office ditto, 4s. 6d. per 1000; Outsides Thick Satin Letter, 3d. per quire; Sermon Paper, 48. 6d. per ream; Ruled ditto, 5s. 6d. P. & C.'s Law Pen (as flexible as the Quill), only 28. per gross. Partridge & Cozens' New Paper made from Straw, 28. 9d. per ream. Catalogues Post Free. Orders over 20s. Carriage paid. Observe.-PARTRIDGE & COZENS, Manufacturing Stationers, 1. Chancery Lane, Fleet Street. Natices ta Carrespondents. We are compelled to postpone until next week MR. BRUCE's paper on The Letter of Gustavus Adolphus and Patrick Ruthven's Medical Practice; the notice of John H. Reynolds: MR. MORGAN'S North Wales; PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S Note on the New Atalantis; and other papers of great and varied interest. PHILO-POPE. We hope that the series of NOTES ON EDMUND CURLL, which is in preparation, will be ready very shortly. They will probably will be obliged by any hints or information which may render more comextend to five or six Articles, and the gentleman who is preparing them plete what we will anticipate Punch in designating a very curious set of Curll Papers.. A CONSTANT READER (Birmingham). The value of the coins depends 10s. to 158., and the penny from 20s. to 100s. entirely upon their condition. The groat of Richard III. is worth from 109. Y. APPLE PIE ORDER is by many believed to be derived from the Cap à pied of the French, while others derive it from the order of the nursery story A, Apple Pie. B, bit it, &c. See our 1st S. iii. 330. 468. 485.; vi. A. W. (Aberdeen.) The line which our Correspondent writes about is properly "Omnia mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis"-and is from the poem of Matthew Borbonius. See "N. & Q.," 1st S. i. 234. 419. 685. F.D. The ornamental stand for the centre of a table is thus noticed in Spiers's French Dictionary, Lond., 1846 "EPERGNE, n. surtout (de table)." "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday. INDEX TO THE FIRST SERIES. As this is now published, and the impression is a limited one, such of our readers as desire copies would do well to intimate their wish to their respective booksellers without delay. Our publishers, MESSRS. BELL & DALDY, will forward copies by post on receipt of a Post Office Order for Five Shillings. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is also issued in Monthly Parts, for the convenience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the unstamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and fourpence for six months, which may be paid by Post Office Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. MR. W. ALFORD LLOYD begs to announce that he has REMOVED FROM ST. JOHN STREET ROAD, and that he has made very extensive arrangements for the SALE of LIVING MARINE ANIMALS. SEA-WEEDS, TANKS, and all the other accessories for the study of AQUARIUM NATURAL HISTORY. MR. LLOYD'S Stock consists of Fifteen Thousand specimens, comprising Two Hundred genera, acclimated in Fifty large Plate-Glass Tanks, containing more than a Thousand Gallons of Sea-Water. The peculiarity which distinguishes this collection above that which any other single spot can furnish, and which renders it an object of attention not only to the amateur and student residing in London and in other inland places, but also to naturalists living at distant parts of the coast, is, that it is the result of an organized body of gatherers, posted at intervals in the richest localities; and thus our Marine Fauna and Flora are adequately represented in the Metropolis. The most delicate organizations can be packed to go safely by rail or by post. The discovery of a mode of readily making ARTIFICIAL SEA-WATER gives large facilities for the successful prosecution of the study. Much time, therefore, has been spent in assimilating it to the actual water of the ocean, so that it is now offered as an analytically correct compound, which thoroughly answers all purposes. Thus, the permanent maintenance of a collection of living Marine Animals and Algae in state of domestication is rendered a far more easily attainable matter than even the cultivation of flowers. To render this yet more practicable in the hands of inexperienced persons, Mr. Lloyd makes it a point to keep in stock great numbers of small PORTABLE Aquaria ready stocked, and with the balance of existence properly adjusted. Although from their nature the inhabitants of the Ocean have a greater interest than FRESH-WATER collections, the latter are duly provided, and various arrangements have been constructed so as to combine the Aquarium with the growth of Ferns, Mosses, Lichens, &c., and to adapt them for the study of the habits, embryology, and development of semi-aquatics, both animal and vegetable. The Tanks are constructed by Messrs. Sanders & Woolcott (makers to the Zoological Society of London), to whom Mr. Lloyd is sole agent. These are not merely vessels for the reception of animals and plants, but a long series of observations as to the requirements demanded has so perfected them, that they very accurately imitate natural conditions by attention being paid to the direction, intensity, and colour of the light employed; by the furnishing of various depths and densities of the water; by the regulation of the temperature; and by the arrangement of the whole for special purposes. Nor have the means of rendering them externally ornamental been neglected. As complete and independent pieces of furniture, many are mounted tableheight, and are placed on castors, for the facility of being easily moved when full to any part of a room or house, as the aspect of the sun or the time of the year may demand. *** A detailed List may be had on application. W. ALFORD LLOYD, 19 and 20, Portland Road, Regent's Park, London. LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1856. Notes. LETTERS OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN BEHALF OF PATRICK RUTHVEN, AND A GLIMPSE AT THE NATURE OF HIS MEDICAL PRACTICE. The letter of Gustavus Adolphus, soliciting the favour of Charles I. towards Patrick Ruthven, which you published in your 2nd S. ii. 101., has opened up a new source of inquiry respecting the last of the Gowries. Allow me to propose a Query with reference to it: Can any one give me information respecting the first letter written upon this subject by Gustavus Adolphus to Charles I.? This first letter is stated in the letter of the October, 1627, which you have printed, to have then been written "some two years ago;" and the accuracy of that date is farther shown by a reference to the letter in question that is, to the first letter-in a letter of Mead to Stuteville, dated October 8, 1625. After mentioning a proposal made by Gustavus Adolphus to Charles I. to march in person into the empire, Mead adds: "Another suit of the King of Sweden to ours was in behalf of Mr. Ruthven, that he might be restored to the honours of his predecessors." Court and Times of Charles I., vol. i. p. 51. Any information respecting this first letter, written about October 1625, will be highly esteemed. Another point which at present occupies attention, with reference to this unfortunate victim of King James's suspicion, may perhaps fall within the special literary province of some of your readers. If so, the following Query may meet with a ready answer. Among the many curious books of combined cookery and chemistry which were extremely common amongst our ancestors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one was called The Lady's Cabinet enlarged and opened. I have an imperfect copy of this work, entitled: "THE LADY'S CABINET ENLARGED and OPENED: containing many rare SECRETS, and Rich ORNAMENTS, of several Kinds and different Uses. Comprised under three General Heads: viz. of 1. Preserving, Conserving, Candying, &c. 3. Cookery and Housewifery. "Whereunto is added, Sundry Experiments, and choice Extractions of Waters, Oyls, &c., collected and practised By the late Right Honourable and Learned Chymist, The LORD RUTHUEN. The Fourth Edit. with Additions: and a particular Table to each Part. London: Printed by G. Bedel and T. Collier, at the Middle Temple Gate in Fleet Street, 1667." A prefatory address, "To the Industrious Improvers of Nature and Art; especially the ver tuous Ladies and Gentlewomen of this Land," signed M. B., insists strongly upon the endeavours made by the writer to render the work acceptable to its purchaser : "But hearing," he continues, "in the mean time, of certain rare Experiments and choise extractions of Oils, Waters, &c., the practice of a Noble Hand and of approved abilities (to testifie how ready I am to further ingenious undertakings in this kind), I have with much pains and some charges sought after, and at length happily purchased them for you. All which, with the addition of many other secrets of several kinds (and I hope of valuable concernment), I have so incorporated together, if I may so say, and methodically digested, that they may be the more easily and profitably improved." These observations distinctly and specially apply, in the volume now before me, to the fourth edition; but on reference to a copy of the second edition, published in 1654, now in the British Museum, I find precisely the same words in the Preface to that book, with the exception of "second" for "fourth" in the allusion to the number of the edition. Now my Query is: How often were these "Experiments of Lord Ruthven" reprinted? The first edition seems to have been published in 1654. The second may perhaps be inferred, from the date of an address from "The Stationer to the Reader," reprinted in the edition of 1667, to have been published in 1657. The third was published in 1667. Were there any others? I should also like to be informed who was M. B., the compiler of the book? As the subject of my communication has brought before us this little volume of the Lady's Cabinet enlarged, it may not be unacceptable to your readers if I mention a few of the strange things which it contains. I may bring down upon myself the ridicule of readers better versed than myself in gastronomy and its annals, if I admit that much of the language of this book is new to me. I have here, for example, learnt what our ancestors, with some approach to profanity, termed a "Manus Christi." The thing occurs frequently. Careful housewives are directed to reduce this and that to the consistency of a Manus Christi, or, as it is sometimes expressed, to "boil it to" that "height." The expression simply meant a syrup; but there seems to have been some superstition mixed up with it, for I find in another little book of the same kind, termed The Lady's Companion, that if sugar be boiled to sugar again, "as it drops from your spoon, the last drop will have a hair or string from it as fine as a hair on your head." That state of sugar was termed Manus Christi: a state, I would remark, which is perfectly familiar to every boy who has ever dropped treacle on his bread. Again, I was foolish enough not to understand what was meant by "a Quidony," whether of cherries, quinces, pippins, or "raspices." It seems to |