required to surrender it the Governor and Council refused, even resisting the terrors of three several writs of quo warranto. Whitehall was a long way off in those days. On the 31st October, 1687, Sir Edmund Andross and a guard of sixty soldiers entered Hartford to seize the charter by force, if necessary. The sitting of the Assembly was judiciously protracted till evening, when the Governor and Council appeared about to yield the precious document; it was brought in and laid on the table. Suddenly the lights were put out and all was darkness and silence; when the candles were again lighted the charter had vanished. The Council had not refused to give it up, but it was gone. The Governor was deposed, nevertheless, and the royal orders carried out; the charter had in the meantime been concealed in a gigantic oak; on James's abdication the instrument was reproduced, the old Governor re-elected under it, and it remained the organic law of the colony till 1818. From this incident sprung the veneration of the people for the 'Charter Oak.' It is supposed to have been a very old tree when America was discovered. The day after the tree was blown down the city band played solemn music over its trunk for two hours, and the city bells tolled at sunset in token of the public sorrow."

T.

Dress. The following paragraph appears in the Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser of Saturday, July 29, 1780:

"A few days ago, a Macaroni made his appearance in the Assembly-room at Whitehaven in the following dress a mixed silk coat, pink sattin waistcoat and breeches, covered with an elegant silver nett, white silk stockings with pink clocks, pink sattin shoes and large pearl buckles, a mushroom coloured stock, covered with a fine point lace; his hair dressed remarkably high, and stuck full of pearl pins." ROBERT S. SALMON.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

"The 27th of Aprill [1546], being Tuesdaie in Easter weeke, W. Foxley, potmaker for the mint in the tower of London, fell asleep, and so continued sleeping, and could not be wakened with pricking, cramping, or otherwise burning whatsoever, till the first day of the next Terme, which was full 14 dayes and 15 nights, for that Easter terme beginneth not afore 17 dayes after Easter. The cause of his thus sleeping could not be knowne, though the same were diligentlie searched for by the king's phisitions and other learned men, yea the king himselfe examined ye said W. Foxley, who was in all points found at his wakening to be as if he had slept but one night, and lived 41 yeeres after, to witte, till the yeere of Christ 1587."-Stow's Chronicle. Авива.

Queries.

OXFORD EDITION OF PAPPUS.

Dr. Edward Bernard (1638-1697), who was Savilian Professor of Astronomy (1673-1691), conceived the plan of publishing, by the assistance of the University, a collection of the ancient geometers. He prepared the text of Euclid, and especially of the Data. He proposed fourteen volumes, as follows:

"I. Euclid and Proclus. II. Apollonius and Serenus. III. Archimedes and Eutocius. IV. Pappus and Heron. V. Athenæus and Vitruvius. VI. Diophantus. Theon, and Nicomachus. VII. Theodosius, Autolycus, Menelaus, Aristarchus, Hypsicles. VIII. and IX. Ptolemy and Theon, the Almagest; Cleomedes, Psellus, Manilius. X. Ptolemy, Theon, Heraclius, Canones; Ptolemy and Proclus on the Sphere. XI. Ptolemy Tepi paσewv, &c., and de Annalemmate; Geminus and Aratus; Ptolemy de speculis; Heliodorus. XII. Ptolemy, Astrology; and Firmicus. XIII. Ptolemy's Geography. XIV. Ptolemy's Harmonics, with Porphyry, Bryennius, Aristoxenus, Nicomachus, &c."

With these, a large number of minor writers, ancient and modern. Bernard's list, published in Dr. Smith's edition (1704) of his works, as Veterum Mathematicorum Synopsis, and reprinted, I think I remember, by Fabricius, is in itself a learned catalogue of suggestive memoranda.

By mere coincidence the University of Oxford published the three first volumes (but without Bernard's proposed additions) in their order. Gregory (1703) published the Euclid (without Proclus), making use of Bernard's collations; and this is still the only Greek text of all that is at

tributed to Euclid. Halley (1710) published the Apollonius and Serenus, and this is still the only Greek text. In 1792 appeared the Archimedes and Eutocius, purchased from the executor of Joseph Torelli. This is by far the best edition

extant.

I have, I dare say in a dozen places, reminded the University that it is quite time the edition of Pappus should be thought of. The three folios above-mentioned have placed Oxford at the head of all learned corporations, as publishers of the Greek geometers. Thanks to Halma and Peyrard, Paris runs nearer to Oxford than it ought to do and it is time to make the balance decidedly in favour of the University by a good fourth volume. I never knew till now that some attempt at the Pappus had been made. Horsley (Nichols's Anecdotes, iv. 675.), speaking of the woodcuts for his edition of Newton, writes thus (July 6, 1776): "I shall find out the person who cuts the figures for the Oxford Pappus. As that is to be a splendid work, I dare say the curators of the press have some able workmen in this way."

I have never seen nor heard of this splendid work, and am afraid it never was published. Why it failed, is clear enough: it was taken out of order. What is the history of the plan? Who was the editor? Are any of his collections in existence? And when does the University intend to resume the undertaking? A. DE MORGAN.

CHARLES COTTON.

It is curious how little we know of this voluminous writer and translator. That he was of a gentleman's family, well allied, heir to a landed estate, Beresford Hall in Derbyshire, educated at Cambridge, and travelled on the Continent, are known: that he was a man of genius is beyond question; his translation of Montaigne has all the ease and fluency of an original work; and so far as I know he was as free from vice and profligacy as might be expected in the friend of Izaac Walton. Clarendon, I think, mentions that his father was engaged in some law proceedings, which probably hurt his fortune; but the estate,

whether encumbered or not, descended to the son, who was twice well married, the first time to the daughter of Sir Thomas Hutchinson of Owthorpe, sister to Colonel Hutchinson, a man of fortune and influence in his time, though now remembered only by the Memoir written by his admirable wife; secondly, to the Countess-Dowager of Ardglass, who, we are told, had a jointure of 1500l. a-year. Cotton, it is true, lived in ticklish times, but I am not aware that he suffered from either

party, and it is certain that he had powerful friends in both. Yet Cotton would appear to have worked almost as a literary drudge, to have

done the hurried bidding of the booksellers, after the established hack fashion, or to have adventured on like speculations of his own. I remember, indeed, one amusing proof of haste, where he translates so literally that he calls Buckingham "Bouquinquam, the English general." Cotton appears to have been always involved, sometimes in gaol,-not unfrequently indebted for his liberty to the wild inaccessible hills in the neighbourhood of Beresford Hall. How was this? I throw out the question in the hope that we may gain some information from the many wellinformed correspondents of " N. & Q."* C. H. C.

Minor Queries.

The Mincio. - The Lago di Garda, the Benacus of classical writers, is described in Murray's Handbook for Northern Italy, as "formed by the river Mincio descending the Alps of the Italian Tyrol," and this is in accordance with Pliny's account; the Mincio, however, is no longer the source, but only the outlet, of the Lake of Garda. Its principal feeder is now called the Sarca, which is crossed as you wind round the head of the lake from Riva to Torbole. A small town of the same name is found some ten miles to the north, about equidistant between Riva and Trent, and is supposed to be the ancient Sarraca, which is only recorded by Ptolemy. Cramer does not mention the Sarca, and I should feel obliged if one of your many learned correspondents could inform me when the Upper Mincio lost its name, and assumed that by which it is now alone known. JOHN J. A. BOASE.

Alverton Vean.

How do Oysters make their Shells? Shakspeare makes the fool ask King Lear this query, and the king does not answer it. Will some one inform me whence is the lime derived of which the oyster shell is composed? Can it be obtained from the sea water only? A. HOLT WHITE.

Orientalist, got into trouble with his diocesan Fuct or Allegory? · Dr. Castell, the learned (Lincoln), and was extricated by the good offices thank, inter alia, as follows, in 1684: of the Bishop of London, whom he writes to

"By your Lordship's signal and singular favour, I waded out of that trouble, though with no small difficulty. It cost me little less than 300 miles' riding, in which I saw not the least foot of land all the while I was upon my horse.

As the Doctor waded out of his trouble, it may be

[ Much of Cotton's literary history is told in Kippis's he came to be a bookseller's hack, in debt and in gaol, Biographia Britannica, &c., but the curious points how raised by our correspondent, are well deserving of investigation.-ED. "N. & Q."]

[We are indebted to a gentleman well versed in Cambrian antiquities for the following curious notices of St. Tudno and his family:

"An inundation-probably the third which had occurred - of the Lowlands now submerged beneath the waters of Cardigan Bay, is thus commemorated in the 37th Triad (Triads of the Isle of Britain): Three capital drunkards in the Isle of Britain: Geraint (Gerontius, Angl. Grant), the drunkard King of Siluria, who in a fit of intoxication committed to the flames the whole extent

of ripe grain in his territories, whence ensued a famine of bread. Second, Vortigern Vorthènau, who, in his drunken revelry, for permission to take his daughter Ronwen (Rowena) for his mistress, made over to Horsa the Saxon the Isle of Thanet: whence originated the treason against the race of the Kymbri. The third, Seithènin the Drunkard, the son of Seithyn Saidi, King of Dimetia, who, in his intoxication, let in the ocean through the flood-gates, over the Cantrev y Gwaelod (the Lowland Hundred), and thus destroyed sixteen of the noblest cities of Cambria, inferior to none in the kingdom but Carleon-on-Uske. The Lowland Hundred was the patrimony of Guyddno Garantûr (Venutius Longshanks), and the inundation took place in the reign of Ambrosius the British Emperor. (A.D. 470.)'

"In consequence of the loss of their hereditary estates, and of the odium excited in the public mind by the act of their father, the children of Seithenin embraced a religious life: taking the monastic vow in the monastery of Great Bangor on the Dee. These children were: 1. Gwynodl, son of Seithenyn, the founder of Llan-Gwynodl, Carnarvonshire. Festival, January 1. 2. Merin or Merini, son of Seithenyn, founder of Llan-Verin, Monmouthshire. Festival, January 6. His residence for many years, as a popular instructor to as many as chose to attend his school, was at Bod-verin, now the name of a chapel under Llaniesten, Carnarvonshire 3. Senèvyr, a saint: no memorial. 4. Tudglyd, a saint: no memorial. 5. Tyneio, founder of Llan-dyneio, a daughterchurch under Llanvarn, Carnarvonshire. 6. Tudno, founder of Llan-dudno, Carnarvonshire. Commemoration, June 5th, obiit circiter A.D. 540.

"The close of St. Tudno's life was spent at the Hermitage, which, after his demise, was erected into a church named after him, and a grant of land by way of endowment made over to it by Malgon, King of Britain and Prince of Wales, who at the same time elevated the

monastery of Bangor on the Menai into an episcopal see. Edward 1st attached the manor of St. Tudno to the

Bishopric of Bangor. It was usual with the British missionaries and recluses to select for their retreat and school some spot hallowed in the popular estimation by its prior associations with Druidism; many tenets of which were incorporated by them, as the writings of Taliesin abundantly evince, into their system of Christianity. St. Tudno selected the precipitous eminence now

known as the Great St. Orme's Head, on which the sacred fire, after being borne across the Menai from Anglesey, was first exhibited on the vernal festival of 1st May; and from which, by the enactments of the Druidic religion, every family in the kingdom was obliged to re-kindle its hearth-stone or domestic fire, extinguished under the operation of the same laws the preceding night. The usage was in full force in Bretagne in the 11th century, and probably supplied William the Conqueror with the first notion of the 'Couvre-feu' regulation. The Druidic monument by which St. Tudno was accustomed to take his stand and address the concourse that flocked to his preaching remains pretty much in its original condition. Being a Logan,' an oscillating or rocking stone, the peasantry have named it Cryd Tudno, Tudno's Cradle.""]

6

Uthwait Family. Can you inform me what are the armorial bearings of the family of Uthwait, of Great Linford, co. Bucks? They appear to have come into possession of the estate about the commencement of last century, in accordance with the will of a relative, Sir William Pritchard, an Alderman of London. Where was this family settled previously? Is Uthwait the same name as Huthwaite, only differently spelt? E. H. A.

[The name is spelt Uthwatt by Lipscomb (Bucks, vol. iv. p. 222.), who states that Sir William Pritchard bequeathed the manor, after his lady's decease, to his two nephews, Richard Uthwatt and Daniel King, Esqs. Richard Uthwatt having purchased Daniel King's interest, died possessed thereof in 1719; and it descended to his eldest son and heir, Thomas Uthwatt, Esq, who held the same in 1742; and dying in 1754, left an only daughter, Catharine, who was married to Matthew Knapp, Esq., of Little Linford. Henry Uthwatt, Esq., of Great Linford, having married the daughter of Sir John Chester, Bart. of Chicheley, and having no issue, bequeathed this estate, after the decease of his wife, to his godson and relation, Henry Uthwatt Andrewes, Esq., who thereupon took the surname of Uthwatt only. Arms: Quarterly: 1. Az. a lion ramp. arg. 2. Arg. a bend S. cotized charged with three mullets of the first; between two cotizes. 3 as 2. 4. as 1. impaling party per fess arg. and S. a chev. S. and arg. between three rams' heads erased, counter changed, armed Or.]

the belles lettres at Cologne until the year 1691. He afterwards delivered a course of lectures on theology at the University of Treves, and was appointed in 1703 regent of the gymnastic school. He died in 1727 at Dueren, in the Duchy of Juliers. According to Barbier he published the Gradus ad Parnassum at Cologne about 1680.1

"Dr. Hookwell." Can you inform me who wrote the novel Doctor Hookwell, three volumes, London, 1842 ? R. J.

[The authorship of this work has been given to several clergymen of literary repute, in addition to the more distinguished names of Bishop Wilberforce, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Mr. Monckton Milnes, and Lord John Manners; but we are enabled positively to state that it was written by the late Rev. Robert Armitage, of Easthope, Salop. Mr. Armitage was the author of two other works of fiction, namely, Ernest Singleton, and The Penscellwood Papers, and of two books of a graver character, The Religious Life of Dr. Johnson, and The Primitive Church in its Episcopacy. Mr. Armitage died on Feb. 2, 1852.]

Pedigrees. — I am desirous of tracing the descent of a person now living from ancestors who flourished in the time of Queen Mary. What course shall I adopt? O. MALLEY.

[Our correspondent would do well to consult the very useful Manual for the Genealogist, Topographer, and Antiquary, by Mr. Sims of the British Museum, recently noticed by us. It will direct him how to search the various Repositories of Genealogical information. He would also find Mr. Sims's Index to the Heralds' Visitations of great assistance.]

Replies.

CHATTERTON'S PORTRAIT. (2nd S. ii. 171.)

J. M. G. remarks that he happened to know the history of the presumed portrait, and that it was not painted for Chatterton, but some youth in Bristol, name unknown, and that it was picked up at an old clothes' shop in the Pithay in that city. The above statement is partially correct, but not wholly so, presuming the information contained in the following letter to be correct, which for my own part I can see no reason to doubt.

66

My dear Miller, "For a wonder I did not come to town yesterday, or I would have replied to your note by the bearer. You therein ask me to state what I know concerning the portrait of Chatterton, lately published by Mr. Dix. I will tell you. About twenty-five years ago I became impressed with the notion that I had a taste for pictures, and fancied, like all so impressed, that I had only to rummage brokers' shops to possess myself of gems and hidden treasures without number; which illusion a little practical knowledge soon dismissed with costs.' It happened that a gentleman in whose house I then resided,

being at that time a bachelor, became also touched with the same mania, and in one of his peregrinations picked up the picture you mention of at a broker's in Castle Ditch, at a house now the Castle and Ball Tavern. The broker's name was Beer. At the back of the portrait was written with a brush, F. Morris, aged 13.' As well as I can recollect, the gentleman who purchased it, in a playful mood, said, 'This portrait will do for Chatterton,' and immediately placed the name of Chatterton over that of F. Morris. What became of it afterwards, or how it came into the hands of the present possessor, I am quite ignorant of. While in the hands of the gentleman abovementioned, I showed it to Mr. Stewart, the portrait painter, who recognised it at once as the portrait of young Morris, the son of Morris the portrait painter. This is all I know, and you are at liberty to make what use you please of it. "I am, yours truly,

"GEO. BURGE.

"Mr. Miller sent the above to the Rev. John Eagles, who gave the letter to me (Richard Smith, Surgeon)."

The above appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for December, 1838, together with a long Esq., the eminent surgeon of this city; a gentlearticle from the pen of the late Richard Smith, connected with Bristol. man who preserved with much care everything J. D. L.

Stapleton Road, Bristol.

It is with something like a painful feeling that I learn from J. M. G. that the portrait given by Dix in his Life of Chatterton as that of the marvellous boy" is spurious. If such be the fact with regard to the portrait in the work alluded to, implying, as it seems to do, a want of caution somewhere, if nothing worse, may I be permitted to ask J. M. G. whether the biographical narrative to which the portrait is prefixed is to be trusted as generally correct? I have no objection to fiction in its place; but in reading what is published in the form of a serious memoir, one does not like to be abused by the introduction of incidents which had no existence, except in the imagination of the author. D.

OLD HOUSE AT POPLAR.

(2nd S. ii. 129.)

The question of MR. SINISTER is an interesting one to local antiquaries, and I venture to write a line in reference to it, although I am not MR. HART. The extensive and ancient shipyard to which MR. SINISTER alludes was once far more extensive. It has been divided into three portions: one being included in the East India Docks, a second forming the establishment of Messrs. Green, and the third constituting that of Messrs. Wigram. On the premises of the latter is a building which is old, but not so old as your correspondent states. A stone let into the wall,