A History of Vector Analysis: The Evolution of the Idea of a Vectorial System

applications Ausdehnungslehre Benjamin Peirce calculus Cargill Gilston Knott Cartesian Cauchy chapter Clifford complex numbers concept directed magnitudes discovery discussed edition electricity elementary Elements Engel entitled equations fact Felix Klein Föppl Gauss geometrical representation Gibbs and Heaviside Gibbs-Heaviside system Giusto Bellavitis Grassmann's book Grassmann's ideas Grassmann's system Grassmannian Heaviside's Hermann Grassmann Hermann Günther Grassmann important interest in quaternions Josiah Willard Gibbs Knott later Leibniz Leipzig letter linear vector function Macfarlane mathe mathematical mathematician Maxwell Maxwell's McAulay McAulay's Möbius modern vector analysis multiple algebra Nature nions notation O'Brien Oliver Heaviside outer product paper Peirce Peter Guthrie Tait physical presentation publication published quater quaternion analysis quaternion methods quaternion system quaternionists representation of complex Saint-Venant Schlegel Sir William Rowan statement symbol system of vector theorems theory tion translation vector product vectorial methods vectorial system Wessel Willard Gibbs William Rowan Hamilton writings wrote