FOUNDATION-IN his desire to do more especial honour to Tewkes bury, William of Malmesbury has fancifully traced its etymon to the Greek word theotocos*-the Mother of God-because the monastery which was built here was dedicated to the Virgin Mother. It is certain, however, that the town occupied the ground long before the monastery was erected. The *Simul et videbatur voluntati religiosa nomen Græco et Anglicano composito. Will. Malmesbur. applaudere, quod Theokesberia dicatur quasi Theo- Edit. fol. 1596, p. 162. tokos-biria, id est, Dei genetricis curia, vocabulo ex popular tradition is that a religious recluse, named Theocus, had a Christian cell or chapel in this place about the end of the seventh century—" ubi quidam heremita manebat nomine Theokus, unde Theokusburia "-and that from him the "Curia Theoci" was in process of time modified into Tewkesbury. In Weever's Funeral Monuments, however, there is an ancient Saxon inscription, discovered in the church of Leominster at the close of the sixteenth century, which states that in the Saxon era, Tewkesbury was called Deotisbýp3, that is, Theotisbyrg, from which it would appear that Tewkesbury was the town, castle, or borough of Theot. Others, by conjectures equally vague or plausible, have laboured to prove that the name is derived from Dodo or Thodo, one of the first lords of the manor, and founder of the monastery, adducing as corroborative evidence that the D and th are frequently substituted for each other in the Saxon language; wherefore, say they, from Thodo comes the Latin derivative Theodocus, and from that, Teodechesberie, as in Domesday Book. But further, it has been conjectured that Theocus and Dodo, or Thodo, were one and the same person; and those who are curious in the investigation of such questions will find the subject elaborately discussed in all the principal histories of the county* and abbey. The foundation of this Abbey takes precedence of most others in the kingdom, and dates from the first fifteen years of the eighth century. In the reigns of Ethelred, Kenred, and Ethelbald, kings of Mercia, two brothers, with the euphonious names of Odo and Dodo, flourished in this beautiful district, and adorned their high station by the practice of many Christian virtues and pious examples. Of their zeal for the honour of God they were resolved to leave some permanent evidence to posterity, and with this view selected a suitable spot on their manor of Tewkesbury, and there erected † the monastery which in after times became famous throughout the land. They endowed the abbey with much landed property-Stanwey cum membris, sic dicta, Tadington Prestecote et Didcot +-which continued to form part of the abbey revenues till the Dissolution. The institution gradually extended its authority temporal and spiritual, and acquired a reputation for so much sanctity, that to obtain a grave in its sacred enclosure became an object of devout competition among the pious, and brought no little treasure to the prior's exchequer. The first personage of royal dignity who was buried in the abbey was Brictric, king of the West Saxons, and son-in-law to King Offa. The next was Hugh, a Mercian noble, and patron of the abbey, who had procured for *Sir R. Atkyns, Rudder, Camden, Dyde, and the various "Directories;" Notes on the Great Charters, Dugdale's Monasticon. Chron. of Tewkesb., etc. + PANC· AVLAM · REGIAM · ƉODO · DVX · CONSECRARI · FECIT · IN · ECCLESIAM IN PONOREM · SANCTÆ · MARIE · VIRGINIS Monast. f. 154. Dugdale, Leland. |