Smith, and others, 76-77. Analo-
gies of beauty and virtue, 77.
Distinction between the higher
and lower parts of our nature, 83.
Moral judgments, and their alleged
diversities, 91. General moral
principles alone revealed by intui-
tion, 99. Intuitive morals not
unprogressive, 102, 103. Diffi-
culty of both the intuitive and
utilitarian schools in finding a
fixed frontier line between the
lawful and the illicit, 116, 117.
The intuitive and utilitarian
schools each related to the gene-
ral condition of society, 122.
Their relations to metaphysical
schools, 123, 124. And to the
Baconian philosophy, 125. Con-
trasts between ancient and modern
civilisations, 126, 127. Practical
consequences of the opposition be-
tween the two schools, 127
Inventions, the causes which accele-
rate the progress of society in
modern times, i. 126
Ireland, why handed over by the
Pope to England, ii. 217
Irenæus, his belief that all Chris-
tians had the power of working
miracles, i. 378
Irish, characteristics of the, i. 138.
Their early marriages and na-
tional improvidences, 146. Ab-
sence of moral scandals among
the priesthood, 146. Their legend
of the islands of life and death,
203. Their missionary labours,
ii. 246. Their perpendicular
burials, 253
Isidore, St., legend of, ii. 205
Isis, worship of, at Rome, i. 387.
Suppression of the worship, 402
Italians, characteristics of the, i.
138, 144
Italy, gigantic development of men-
dicancy in, ii. 98. Introduction of
monachism into, 106
[AMES, the Apostle, Eusebius' ac-
count of him, ii. 105
James, St., of Venice, his kindness
to animals, ii. 172
Jenyns, Soame, his adherence to the
opinion of Ockham, i. 17, note
Jerome, St., on exorcism, i. 382. On
the clean and unclean animals in
the ark, ii. 104. Legend of, 115.
Encouraged inhumanity of asce-
tics to their relations, 134. His
legend of SS. Paul and Antony,
158
Jews, their law regulating marriage
and permitting polygamy, i. 103.
Their treatment of suicides, 218,
note. Influence of their manners
and creed at Rome, 235, 337.
Became the principal exorcists,
380, 381, note. Spread of their
creed in Rome, 386. Reasons
why they were persecuted less
than the Christians, 402, 407.
How regarded by the pagans, and
how the Christians were regarded
by the Jews, 415. Charges of
immorality brought against the
Christians by the Jews, 417.
Domitian's taxation of them, 432.
Their views of the position of
women, ii. 337
Joffre, Juan Gilaberto, his founda
tion of a lunatic asylum in Va-
lencia, ii. 89
John, St., at Patmos, i. 433
John, St., of Calama, story of, ii.
John XXIII., Pope, his crimes, ii.
331
Johnson, Dr., his adherence to the
opinion of Ockham, i. 17, note
Julian, the Emperor, his tranquil
death, i. 207, and note. Refuses
the language of adulation, 259.
His attempt to resuscitate pagan-
ism, 331. Attitude of the Church
towards him, ii. 261. Joy at his
death, 262
Julien l'Hospitalier, St., legend of,
ii. 84, note
Jupiter Ammon, fountain of, deemed
miraculous, i. 366, and note
Justinian, his laws respecting slavery,
ii. 65
Justin Martyr, his recognition of the
excellence of many parts of the
pagan writings, i. 344. On the
seminal logos,' 344. On the
Sibylline books, 376. Cause of
his conversion to Christianity, 415.
His martyrdom, 441
Juvenal, on the natural virtue of
man, i. 197
KAMES, Lord, on our moral judg-
ments, i. 77. Notices the ana-
logies between our moral and
æsthetical judgments, 77
King's evil, ceremony of touching
for the, i. 363, note
ABIENUS, his works destroyed,
i. 448, note
Lactantius, character of his treatise,
i. 463
Lætorius, story of, i. 259
Laughing condemned by the monks
of the desert, ii. 115, note
Law, Roman, its relation to Stoi-
cism, i. 294, 295. Its golden age
not Christian, but pagan, ii. 42
Lawyers, their position in literature,
i. 131, note
Legacies forbidden to the clergy, ii.
151. Power of making bequests
to the clergy enlarged by Constan-
tine, 215
Leibnitz, on the natural or innate
powers of man, i. 121, note
Leo the Isaurian, Pope, his compact
with Pepin, ii. 266
Leonardo da Vinci, his kindness to
animals, ii. 172, note
Licentiousness, French, Hume's com
ments on, i. 50 note
Locke, John, his view of moral
good and moral evil, i. 8, note.
His theological utilitarianism, 16,
note. His view of the sanctions
of morality, 19. His invention
of the phrase 'association of
ideas,' 23. His definition of con-
science, 29, note. Cousin's objec-
tions against him, 75, note. His
refutation of the doctrine of a
natural moral sense, 123, 124.
Rise of the sensual school out of
his philosophy, 123, note. Famous
formulary of his school, 124
Lombard, Peter, character of his
'Sentences,' ii. 226. His visions
of heaven and hell, 228
Longinus, his suicide, i. 219
Love terms Greek, in vogue with
the Romans, i. 231, note
Lucan, failure of his courage under
torture, i. 194. His sycophancy,
194. His cosmopolitanism, 240
Lucius, the bishop, martyrdom of, i.
454
Lucretius, his scepticism, i. 162.
His disbelief in the immortality
of the soul, i. 182, note. His
praise of Epicurus, 197. His
suicide, 215. On a bereaved cow,
ii. 165
Lunatic asylums, the first, ii. 89
Luther's wife, her remark on the
sensuous creed she had left, i. 52
Lyons, persecution of the Christians
at, i. 441
ACARIUS, St., miracle attri-
penances, 108, 109. Legend of
his visit to an enchanted garden,
158. Other legends of him, 158,
159, 170, 220
Macedonia, effect of the conquest of,
on the decadence of Rome, i. 169
Mackintosh, Sir James, theory of
morals advocated by, i. 4. Fas-
cination of Hartley's doctrine of
association over his mind, 29
Macrianus, persuades the Emperor
Valerian to persecute the Christ-
ians, i. 455
Macrina Cælia, her benevolence to
children, ii. 77
Magdalen asylums, adversaries of,
ii. 98, and note
Mallonia, virtue of, ii. 309
Malthus, on charity, ii. 92, note
Mandeville, his Enquiry into the
Origin of Moral Virtue.' His
thesis that private vices are pub-
lic benefits,' i. 7. His opposition
to charity schools, ii. 98
Manicheans, their tenets, ii. 102.
Their prohibition of animal food,
167
Manilius, his conception of the
Deity, i. 163
Manufactures, influence upon morals,
i. 139
Marcellinus, Tullius, his self-de-
struction, i. 222
Marcia, mistress of Commodus, her
influence in behalf of toleration to
the Christians, i. 443
Marcian, St., legend of the visit of
St. Avitus to him, ii. 159
Marcus, St., story of, and his mother,
ii. 128
Marriage, how regarded by the
Jews, Greeks, Romans, and Catho-
lics, i. 103, 104. Statius' picture
of the first night of marriage, 107,
note. Reason why the ancient
Jews attached a certain stigma to
virginity, 109. Conflict of views
of the Catholic priest and the
political economist on the subject
of early marriages, 114. Results
in some countries of the difficulties
with which legislators surround
marriage, 144. Early marriages
the most conspicuous proofs of
Irish improvidence, 144. Influ-
ence of asceticism on, ii. 320.
Notions of its impurity, 324.
Second marriages, 324
Marseilles, law of, respecting suicide,
i. 218, note. Epidemic of suicide
among the women of, ii. 55
Martial, sycophancy of his epigrams,
i. 194
Martin of Tours, St., establishes
monachism in Gaul, ii. 106
Martyrdom, glories of, i. 390. Festi-
vals of the Martyrs, 390, note.
Passion for, 391. Dissipation of
the people at the festivals, ii. 150
Mary, St., of Egypt, ii. 110
Mary, the Virgin, veneration of, ii.
367, 368, 390
Massilians, wine forbidden to women
by the, i. 96, note
Maternal affection, strength of, ii.
25, note
Maurice, on the social penalties of
conscience, i. 60, note
Mauricus, Junius, his refusal to al-
low gladiatorial shows at Vienna,
i. 286
Maxentius, instance of his tyranny,
ii. 46
Maximilianus, his martyrdom, ii. 248
Maximinus, Emperor, his persecu-
tion of the Christians, i. 446
Maximus of Tyre, account of him
and his discourses, i. 312. His
defence of the ancient creeds, 323.
Practical form of his philosophy,
Medicine, possible progress of, i. 158,
Melania, St., her bereavement, ii.
10. Her pilgrimage through the
Syrian and Egyptian hermitages,
120
Milesians, wine forbidden by the, to
women, i. 94, note
Military honour pre-eminent among
the Romans, i. 172, 173. History
of the decadence of Roman mili-
tary virtue, 268
Mill, J.,on association, 25, note, et seq,
Mill, J. S., quoted, i. 29, 47, 90, 102
Minerva, meaning of, according to
the Stoics, i. 163
Miracles, general incredulity on the
subject of, at the present time, i.
346, 348. Miracles not impossi-
ble, 347. Established by much
evidence, 347. The histories of
them always decline with educa-
tion, 348. Illustration of this in
the belief in fairies, 348. Con-
ceptions of savages, 349. Legends,
formation and decay of, 350-352.
Common errors in reasoning about
miracles, 356. Predisposition to
the miraculous in some states of
society, 362. Belief of the Romans
in miracles, 363-367. Incapacity
of the Christians of the third cen-
tury for judging historic miracles,
375. Contemporary miracles be-
lieved in by the early Christians,
378. Exorcism, 378. Neither past
nor contemporary Christian mira-
cles had much weight upon the
pagans, 378
Missionary labours, ii. 246
Mithra, worship of, in Rome, i. 386
Mohammedans, their condemnation
of suicide, ii. 53. Their lunatic
asylums, 89. Their religion, 251.
Effects of their military triumphs
on Christianity, 252
Molinos, his opinion on the love we
should bear to God, condemned, i.
18, note
Monastic system, results of the
Catholic monastic system, i. 107.
Suicide of monks, ii. 52. Exertions
of the monks in the cause of
charity, 84. Causes of the mo-
nastic movement, 102. History
of the rapid propagation of it in
the West, 183. New value placed
by it on obedience and humility,
185, 269. Relation of it to the
intellectual virtues, 188. The
monasteries regarded as the re-
ceptacles of learning, 199. Fallacy
of attributing to the monasteries
the genius that was displayed in
theology, 208. Other fallacies
concerning the services of the
monks, 208-212. Value attached
by monks to pecuniary compensa-
tions for crime, 213. Causes of
their corruption, 217. Benefits
conferred by the monasteries, 243
Monica, St., i. 94, note
Monogamy, establishment of, ii. 372
Monophysites, the cause, to some
extent, of the Mohammedan con-
quest of Egypt, ii. 143
Montanists, their tenets, ii. 102
Moral distinctions, rival claims of
intuition and utility to be regarded
as the supreme regulators of, i. 1
Moral judgments, alleged diversities
of, i. 91. Are frequently due to
intellectual causes, 92. Instances
of this in usury and abortion, 92.
Distinction between natural duties
and others resting on positive law,
93. Ancient customs canonised
by time, 93. Anomalies explained
by a confused association of ideas,
94, 95. Moral perceptions over-
ridden by positive religions, 95.
Instances of this in transubstan-
tiation and the Augustinian and
Calvinistic doctrines of damnation,
96, 97. General moral principles
alone revealed by intuition, 99.
The moral unity of different
ages a unity not of standard
but of tendency, 100. Application
of this theory to the history of
benevolence. 100. Reasons why
acts regarded in one age as crimi-
nal are innocent in another, 101.
Views of Mill and Buckle on the
comparative influence of intellec-
tual and moral agencies in civili-
sation, 102, 103, note. Intuitive
morals not unprogressive, 102,
103. Answers to miscellaneous
objections against the theory of
natural moral perceptions, 109.
Effect of the condition of society
on the standard, but not the
essence, of virtue, 110. Occa-
sional duty of sacrificing higher
duties to lower ones, 110, et seq.
Summary of the relations of virtue
and public and private interest,
117. Two senses of the word
natural, 119
Moral law, foundation of the, accord-
ing to Ockham and his adherents,
i. 17, note. Various views of the
sanctions of morality, 19. Utili-
tarian theological sanctions, 53.
The reality of the moral nature
the one great question of natural
theology, 56. Utilitarian secular
sanctions, 57. The Utilitarian
theory subversive of morality, 66.
Plausibility and danger of theories
of unification in morals, 72. Our
knowledge of the laws of moral
progress nothing more than ap-
proximate or general, 136
Moral sense,' Hutcheson's doctrine
of a, i. 4
Moral system, what it should be, to
govern society, i. 194
Morals, each of the two schools of,
related to the general condition of
society, i. 122. Their relations to
metaphysical schools, 123, 124.
And to the Baconian philosophy,
125. Contrast between ancient
and modern civilisations, 125–127.
Causes that lead societies to ele-
vate their moral standard, and
determine their preference of some
particular kind of virtues, 130.
The order in which moral feelings
are developed, 130. Danger in
proposing too absolutely a single
character as a model to which all
men must conform, 155. Remarks
on moral types, 156. Results to
be expected from the study of the
relations between our physical and
moral nature, 158. Little influ-
ence of Pagan religions on morals,
161
More, Henry, on the motive of virtue,
i. 76
Musonius, his suicide, i. 220
Mutius, history of him and his son,
ii. 125
Mysticism of the Romans, causes
producing, i. 318
Myths, formation of, i. 351
[APLES, mania for suicide at, ii.
Napoleon, the Emperor, his order of
the day respecting suicide, i. 219,
note
Nations, causes of the difficulties of
effecting cordial international
friendships, i. 156
Natural moral perceptions, objec-
tions to the theory of, i. 116.
Two senses of the word natural,
118. Reid, Sedgwick, and Leib-
nitz on the natural or innate
powers of man, 121, note. Locke's
refutation of the doctrine of a
natural moral sense, 124
Neoplatonism, account of, i. 325.
Its destruction of the active
duties and critical spirit, 329
Neptune, views of the Stoics of the
meaning of the legends of, i. 163.
His statue solemnly degraded by
Augustus, 169
Nero, his singing and acting, i. 259.
His law about slaves, 307. His
persecution of the Christians, 429
Newman, Dr., on venial sin, i. 111,
and note on pride, ii. 188
Nicodemus, apocryphal gospel of, ii.
Nilus, St., deserts his family, ii. 322
Nitria, number of anchorites in the
desert of, ii. 105
Nolasco, Peter, his works of mercy,
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