1 to give, 2 to protect, 3 pus, 4 to lie down (obsolete), 5 ed, to thread, 6 to bring, 7 to suffer pain, 9 2 to end to burn, 11 ∞ to swell or come, 12 to bathe, 14 to graze, and to become to be threadwear out, 8 (obsolete), 10 to to heal,13 to bloom. e Note 5.03)) "" is generally but improper ly affixed to the Root of the Verbs ending in any vowel except ev; as, But (to bring) and 2 (to ccme) are used as ಬರು and ತರು, This unnecessary ending "o" should not be added to the Roots. It is even misleading when affixing the conjugational signs, which vastly differ according to the final vowel of the verbal Root. Note 6. In Canarese, as in English, the Imparative Second Person Singular is the same as the Verbal Root, (a) of the formation of Verbal Roots. ಧಾತುಗಳ ವ್ಯುತ್ಪತ್ತಿ. 134. As regards the form, the Roots are of three kinds: Primitive or Simple 2, 2 Derivative ಸಾಧಿತ or ನ್ನ and Compound (ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ or KZAT). 135. The Primitive Roots (2) as Bnez, begɔ,,, etc. are those which are not derived from other words. 136. The Derivative Roots ( ವುತ್ಪನ್ನ ಧಾತು ಗಳು) are formed by adding ~, or to the Crude Form of a Verb and alone to a Noun or an Adjective; ನಡೆ +ಇಸು=ನಡಿಸು, ಬರೆ+ಇದು ಬರಿಸು, ಕರೆ ಇ + ಸು = ಕರಿಸು ಪ್ರಕಾಶ+ ಇಸು ಪ್ರಕಾಶಿಸು; ಜಯ + ಇಸು ಜಯಿಸು; ರೂಪ + ಇಸು ರೂಪಿಸು; ತಿಳಿ + ಅದು = ತಿಕ್ಕಲು ಅರಿ + ಅಹು ಅರಹು; ( ಅರುಹು). 137, A Compound-Root ( ಸಮಾಸಧಾತು ) is & Combination of the Crude Form of a Complement () and a Verb; as: Note. ಶಾಲಾವಾಕರಣ defines the Compound Verb to be the combination of a Noun or an Adjective, either Sanscrit or Kannada, with one of the roots ಮಾಡು, ಪಡು, ಆಸು and ಕೊಳ್ಳು 138. Simple Sanscrit or Foreign Verbal Roots are not taken in Canarese. Nouns derived from Sanscrit Roots are affixed with ಇಸು, ಮಾಡು, ಪ ಡು etc. and Foreign Roots with ಮಾಡು, ಹಾಕು etc. before they are used in Canarese, Sanscrit - ಸ್ತುತಿಸು, ಮನಮಾಡು, ವಿಕ್ಷಾಂತಿಪಡು Foreign-ಬೆಸ ಮಾಡು (to parse), ರಿಕ್ಕಮೆಂಡ ಮಾಡು (to recommend), ಎಾಮಿನ ಮಾಡು* (to examine), ಚಾರ್ಜಿ ಹಾಕು (to charge). (b) Transitive, Intransitive and Causal Verbs. ಸಕರ್ಮಕ, ಅಕರ್ಮಕ and ಪ್ರೇರಣಾರ್ಥಕ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳು, 139. Canarese Verbs are of three kinds:- Trannitive ( ಸಕರ್ಮಕ ), Intransitive ( ಅಕರ್ಮಕ) and Causal (ಪ್ರೇರಣಾರ್ಥಕ, ಪಯೋಜಕ or ಕಾರಣಾರ್ಥಕ). Note. There are no Reflexive Verbs in Canarese. When the Subject and the Object of a Verb are the same, the Verb is generally compounded with the Supplemental Root; as ;-) 22 ta i, e. He beats himself. 140. An Intransitive (F) Verb expresses a state or an action, without the help of an Object; as:- ಅವನು ಬರುತ್ತಾನೆ ., He comes, ಆಕೆಯು Bo; i. e. She goes. 141. The Transitive (F) Verb requires an Object (F) to complete its sense; as:JOS TIRE wiœges; i. e. I write a letter. III FEDIJN LY;ie. You hear a story, Note 1. F' literally a Verb with an Object' does not exactly convey the same as the English word Transitive (passing over). sense Note 2. Sometimes the Object of a Trans itive Verb is understood; as: i. e.The girl sings. As in English the omission often implies habit; as; ಹಾವು ನೋಯಿಸಿದರೆ ಕಚ್ಚುತ್ತದೆ; .. If the serpent is injured, it bites. 142. The Causal Verb (d) implies that an action, done by one, is caused or directed by another; Hs:- ನಾನು ಅವನಿಂದ ಕಾಗದ ಬರಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ; .. i.e. I make him write a letter, ಶಿಕ್ಷಕನು ಆ ಹುಡುಗನಿಂದ ಬಾರ 331⁄2 802; i. e. A. teacher made the boy read a lesson. These are generally formed by adding to the primitive() Root of a Transitive Verb; as:-ಹೊಡೆ + ಇಸು= ಹೊಡಿಸು ಬರೆ + ಇಸು = ಬರಿಸು, ಕಡಿ + ಇಸು = ಕಡಿಸು. Note 1. The Old Causal affix cr its modern substitute is still retained at the end of some Roots; as:- ಕೆಡೆ + ಅವು ಆ ಕೆಡವು (ಕೆಡವು) ತಿರಿ + ಅಪು = STL-STD); Ty+ OL = FPL= Ty∞. Note 2. The affix has a variety of fanctions to do:-(1) It turns a primitive Intransitive Verb into Transitive; as:-, FI, I &c,. 2 It changes a simple Transitive Verb into a Causal Verb; as:—J♫añɔ, Jɔa etc,. (3) When ~~ is affixed to a Noun or an Adjective either Sanscrit or Canarese, it forms a Derivative Verb; as:ಸ್ತುತಿಸು ಸವಿಾಪಿಸು, ಕನ್ನಡಿಸು, The actual doer of an action implied by a Verb is termed an Agent ( ಕತೃ೯ or ಕರ್ತೃಪದ ). In Canarese, the Object (ಕರ್ಮ, ಕರ್ಮಪದ ) is defined to be the person or thing to which a Trasitive Verb passes its action from the Agent, or which is immediately required to complete the Note The is of two kinds:-1 Independent (2) and 2 Dependent (8). The Nominative of a Transitive or Intransitive Verb is called Independent (2) and that of a Causal Verb is termed Dependent (3); because, the latter, though it stands in the Nominative Case, cannot of itself do the act but actuates another to do it; as, ರಾಮನು ಅವನನ್ನು ನಡಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ i. e. Rama makes him walk (guides him ). (c) Verbal Voices. ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು. 143. There are three Verbal Voices (e g) in Canarese. viz, the Active (3), the Passive ( ಕರ್ಮಣಿ ) and the Impersonal ( ಭಾವಿ). ( (5). Note 1. In Canarese Grammar, the Verbal Voices are generally given in the Syntax, as they treat of the Agreement between the subject and the finite Verb and of the Concord between the words in a sentence. But as the inflections which the Verb undergoes are to be mentioned in this part (Etymology) they are briefly mentioned here. with Note 2. A fourth Voice, Middle Voice (e ), is mentioned in some of the Modern School Grammars. It is the same as the supplemental Verb finite Verb; as, added on to the |