121. A Pronoun () is a word used in the place of a Noun to avoid repetition of the same; thus, in the sentence, 2, 3 əçəIR wo, the Pronoun stands for 5.

Note 1. ಆರ್ವನಾಮ comes from ' ಸರ್ವ' all and a Noun; hence, it means a word which "stands for all Nouns ".

Note 2. The Pronoun simply points out the Gender, Number, Person and Case of the Noun for which it is substituted. It does not express any thing more about the nature of the person or thing it represents.

122. Pronouns may be classified into:-1 Personal ( ಪುರುಷ್ಕಾರ್ಥಕ ), 2 Demonstrative ( ದರ್ಶಕ or ನಿದರ್ಶಕ), 3 Reflexive (ಆತ್ಮಾರ್ಥಕ ), Interrogative (ಪ್ರಶ್ನಾರ್ಥಕ ), 5 Indefinite (F) and 6 Numeral (KODJIEF).

ಸಂಬ

Note 1. In fact, the first four are the only classes into which which Pronouns are divided; the rest are simply compounds, of which the first member is an Adjective and the second is one of the Remote (5) Third Personal Pronouns contracted into the personal signs (ಪುರುಷ ಸಂಜ್ಞೆಗ ಳು):-ಅನು, ಅಳು, ಅದು, ಅರು and ಅವು, or ಅವುಗಳು; as ಒಬ್ಬ + ಅನು=ಒಬ್ಬನು ಬೇರೆ ಅವು = ಬೇರೆಯವು.

Note. 2. The Personal Signs are also joined to Qualitative () and other kinds of

are placed after the words they quality; as, d ಯು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯವನು, ರಾಮನು ಗುಣವಂತನಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ (ಸುಣವಂತನು

Theso are called Predicative Adjectives (cv8 aizmu̸g, ) in Cauarese, In some places, these are also used as Adjectival Nouns ( DölZrJɔzɔīg3), So, they should not be mistaken for Pronouns,

Note 3. There is nothing in Kannada corresponding with the English "Relative Pronouns ". The Relative Participles () and the Participial Nouns ( ಕೃನ್ನಾಮಗಳು ) are used to convey

the sense; e.g,

This is the boy that brought the book; ಆ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ತಂದ ಹುಡುಗನು ಇವನೇ.

He, who promises, runs in debt;

ಪವನು ಋಣಿಯಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ.

a

He, who swims in sin, will sink in sorrow; D♪♫ ದಲ್ಲಿ ತೇಲುವಂಥವನು ದುಃಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಳಸುವನ್ನು

There is another way of expressing the same. eg:

ಯಾವ ಹುಡುಗನು ಆ ಪುಸ್ತಕವನ್ನು ತಂದನೋ ಅವನು ಇವನೇ. ಯಾವನು ಮಾಬ ಕೊಡುತ್ತಾನೆ ಅವನು ಋಣಿಯಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಯಾವಾತನು ಭಾವದಲ್ಲಿ ತೇಲುತ್ತಾನೋ ಆತನು ದುಃಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಮು ಮಗುವನು.

Note. In Canarese, the Distributive and Reciprocal Pronouns are not treated of separately,

(a) Personal Pronouns.

ಪುರುಷವಾಚಕ or ಪುರುಷಾರ್ಥಕ ಸರ್ವನಾಮಗಳು.

123. Person Pronouns are words which stand for the names of persons. There are of three

Persons:

First Person (ಉತ್ತಮಪುರುಷ)

ನಾವು

Second Person (ಮಧ್ಯಮಪುರುಷ)

Third Person (ಪ್ರಥಮಪುರುಷ) | Mas, ಅವನು

203: 1
ನೀನು

ನೀವು

ಅವರು

Neu.

Note 1. The three Persons (g) are also called ಪ್ರಥಮ, ದ್ವಿತೀಯ and ತೃತೀಯ, perhaps, after the English mode of naming them. But even the F, one of the oldest and highest authorities, uses the terms given above. (Vide Verse 224 Ch. V &c.)

Note 2.

and are the short forms of and . They generally occur in Poetry and colloquial speech.

Note 3. The First and the Second Personal Pronouns are not distinguished by gender.

Note 4. In Canarese, Nouns are considered as belonging to the Third Person

Note 5. No Adjectives are derived from the Personal Pronouns.

(b) Demostrative Pronouns.

ದರ್ಕಕ ಸರ್ವನಾಮಗಳು.

124. Those Third Personal Pronouns,which denote an object to be near to or at a distance

125. They are of two kinds, viz. 1 those which discriminate personality (*) & 2 those which discriminate quality (r). they; may. be again classed as Remote (F) and Proximate ( ಸಾಪದರ್ಶಕ ),

Note 1. Those referring to nature or quality are formed by adding the pure Personal Pronouns to op or now.

4

Note 2. If, in the Remote Demostrative, the initial is changed to, the Remote is turned into the Proximate; as ಅವನು-ಇವನು, ಅವಳು ಇವನು, ಅಂಥಾದ್ದು ಇಂಥಾದ್ದು,

Note 3, Different forms of the same Pronoun denote different degrees of respect; as, in 3, 65, 3 and 2, each of them denotes more respect than the one that follows it,

Note 4. In every class of Pronouns, the Plural is honourifically (ಪೂಚ್ಯಾರ್ಥವಾಗಿ or ಬಹುಮಾನ F) used for the singular; as,

JIL EK WEID, ie, I cannot come now. TORTE, HD Noon Nodo, ie. Mr. Ramarao, where did you come from?

ಅವರು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು (ಆಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ), ie. He is a teacher,

Note 5.

·

The four Pronominal Adjectives derived from ಅದು, ಇದು, ಅಂಥವನು (-ಳು-ದ್ದು) and ಇಂಥ. (-) are respectively (that), (this), op (such or of that kind) and 0 (such or of this kind).

[c] Reflexive Pronouns.
ಆತ್ಮಾರ್ಥಕ ಸರ್ವನಾಮಗಳು,

126. The Reflexive Pronouns (F

g) are:- singular and plural .

ತಾನು ತಾವು.

Note 1. The Plural

F.

is often used in the

Second Person Singular is addressing a respectable