Imatges de pàgina
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are observed in forming the pure Sanscrit compound-words used in Canarese, are called IMFDR ರ್ಘ, ಯಣ್ಣು, ಗುಣ, ವೃದ್ಧಿ, ಪರರೂಪ and ಆಯಾದ್ಯಾದೇಶ,

I. "When any vowel short or long, except the last four, is followed by the same vowel short or long, the substitute for both is the same vowel lengthened; as:-ನಿತ್ಯ --ಆನಂದ- ನಿತ್ಯಾನಂದ; ಸಭೆಅ ಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಸಭಾಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ; ಕಥಾ -- ಅಂತರ ಕಥಾಂತರ; ಮುನಿ -- ಇಂದ್ರ=ಮು, ನೀಂದ); ಕವಿ - ಈಶ = ಕವೀತ; ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ -- ಇಚ=ಚ್ಛಾ, ಮ, ದು .- ಉಸ್‌ಯ - ಮೃದಾಯ; ಧಾತ್ಮ -- ಬುದ್ಧಿ= ಧ

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Note, ಸವರ್ಣದೀರ್ಘ literally means "Concor dant vowels lengthened."

The long and short forms of the same vowel are called similiar or concordant (gɔ,LIDನರಗಳು or ಸಮಾನಾಕ್ಷರಗಳು); because, they are sounded by the same organ:-, letters,, palatals or ಈ labials or lip-letters and, letters.

are gutturals or throat "roof" letters, ev, cr linguals or tongue

Two vowels sounded by different organs are called dissimiliar Vowels ( ಅಸಮಕ್ಷರಗಳು, ಅಸಮಾಸಸ್ಸರ ಗಳು or ಅಸಮಾನಾಕ್ಷರಗಳು ); as, ಅಇ, ಇ, ಉಳಿ, ಹೀ,

II. "When, and, short or long, are followed by dissimiliar vowels, and 5 are respectively substituted for them; "as, 3-1-03= ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅತಿ - ಉಗ್ರ ಅತ್ಯುಗ್ರ; ಬಿಂದು - ಅಕ್ಷರ ಬಿಂದಕ್ಷರ; ధాతృ -1- అంతే =ధాంతంశ; పిళ్ళె-1- ఆజ్ఞ = పీఠాజ్ఞ; పిళ్ళై 1-0= 3312; 25.1-09ಸಕಾರ = ಪಿತ್ರುಪಕಾರ,

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Note., 5.5, are called in Sanscrit.

* and are not found in Sanscrit.

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... This and many other Rules of ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಸಂಧಿ are taken from the First Book of Sanscrit,

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III. When the final is followed by the initial ~ 2, 3 & 45 are respectively substituted for both; as, ಸುಖ-ಇಚ್ಛೆ = ಸುಪೇಚ್ಛೆ; ಮಹಾ ಉದಯ = ಮಹೋದಯ; ಮಹಾ - ಇಂದ್ರ= ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ; ಮ ಮ. ಹಾ- ಈಶ = ಮಹೇಶ ಶೀತ . ಉ = ತೋ; ಗಂಗಾ-ಉದಕ = ಗಂಗೆ ದಕ; ರಂಭಾ -|- ಉರು = ರಂಬೋರು,

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Note 1, and are technical terms used to denote the change, which the vowels, a, cv, ಋ short or long, undergo.

Note 2, The following compounds are exceptions to the above rule:- ES-1- Hd,- KOJ¶,-KOS= ಸೈರ, ಸೈರಿನ, ಸೈರಿಣಿ; ಅಕ್ಷ -- ಊಹಿನಿ = ಅಕ್ಷಹಿನಿ; ಪ್ರ-x2; ~)-1- "CUTA,-cvPOD = *972, **J.

IV. If or is followed by or&, the vowel which takes the place of both is in the first two cases, and in the last two. This is called ವೃದ್ಧಿಸಂಧಿ,ಅ,, ಪ್ರಥಮ -|- ಏಕವಚನ= ಪ್ರಥಕವಚನ; ಬ + ಐಕ್ಯ = ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ ; ಅಧಿಕ + ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯ= ಅಧಿಕೃತ್ಪರ್ಯ; 8ನ - ಓಘ = ಜನ್‌ನ, ಪರನ ಔದಾರ್ಯ ಪರ ಕಾರ್ಯ; ಸೇ-ನಾ -- ಓಘ # ಸೇನೌಫ್; ಅಂಗನಾ -- ಔತ್ಸುಕ್ಯ ಅಂಗನೌತ್ಸುಕ್ಯ

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V, ಪರರೂಪಸಂಧಿ, (a) ಅ at the end of a pre posttion is dropped when it precedes a verbal derivative with an initial or

(b) The final in any word is also optionally omitted before & and .

(0) 5 -- ವಿಜನ = ಜನ; ಪು -- ಓಖನ ಪ್ರೊಖನ (b) 29020-1- ಓ = ಬಿಂಬೋಷ್ಠ ಬಿಂಬೋ or ಬಿಂ; ಸಲ -1- ಓತು# ಸತು or

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V1. "The preceding,, & and are changed to the syllables ಅ, ಆ, ಅ5 and ಆ5 respectively,

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Note. AN EXCEPTION. & in the monosyllable ಗೋ, , is changed to, when it is followed by a word with an initial vowel; as L = XIIZ.

Combination of Consonants in
Sanscrit Words.

ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಂಜನಸಂಧಿ.

37. Rules with regard to the combination of consonants in Sanscrit compound words are too numerous and intricate to be treated fully in this small treatise; however, the most important of them are given below:

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I. "When or a consonant of the dental class is compounded with 5 or a consonant of the palatal class, a letter of the latter class is substituted for the former, and in this order, viz, 5 for for, for 5, &c.,” e, g. 31. 3 = 23. ನ ಜಗತ -- ಜೀವನ = ಜಗಜ್ಜಿವನ ತತ್ | ತತ್ರು = ತಜ್ಞತ 5 -1- 2033=2032; CT* -|- 213 – JH33.

II. When or a dental is followed by or a lingual, is changed 5, and the dental to the corresponding letter of the lingual class; as, ತಪ. ೮ 1 ಪದ್ಯಗ= ತಪಪ್ಪಾಗ; ತಕ್ - ಓಂಕಾರ= ತಟ್ಟಂಕಾರ; ಬೃ ಹ3 - ಟೀಕಾ = ಬೃಹಕ

III. "5 at the end of a word or particle, followed by by a consonant in general, is changed to an optionally, and necessarily when it is followed by 5, 5, 5, and. When it is not

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changed to an, it is changed to the nasal of the class, to which the following letter belongs; and to a nasal 5, 5, 5 when followed by ಹ, 56, respectively,” ಭಯವು -- ಕರ = ಭಯಂಕರ (ಭಯ ಜ್ವರ ರ ); ತವ --ಕರ =ಶಂಕರ ( ತರ ); ಸ -- ತನ್ನ= ಸಂತಯ; 251 07 – Komad; X5) -1- TEM = ZOTEM.

IV. The final 5 or is changed to a ZF, when it is followed by 5 25,5 5, or 5 5 ~; as, 35 -- ಕಾಲ =

ತಕಾಲ; ಅಂತರಿ -- ಕರಣ= ಅತಕರಣ, ಪುನರಿ -ಕಾಂತಿ = ಪುನಃತಾಂತಿ ಪುನ - ಸಂಸ್ಕಾರ= ಪುನಃ ಸಂಸ್ಕಾರ ಮನ * . ಪೂರ್ವಕ = ಮನಪೂರ್ವಕ

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Note. The following are exceptions to the above rule:-- ನಮನ್ -- ಕಾರ = ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ, ತಿರಸ್-ಕ

V. " or F, preceded by any vowel except or, and followed by a vowel or a soft consonant, is changed to 5;” e.g, ಧನುಸ್ ನುರ್ಧಾರಿ; ಹಏಸ್ -- ಜಾತ= ವಿರ್ಜಾ

5,

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VI. E followed by 5, or is either retained, or changed to ೯, ೯ ಸ್;” . ೯, ನಿಃ -- ಶೇಷ = e. g. Dg-1ನಿಶೇಷ or ನಿತ್ಯೇಷ; ಮನಃ | ಕಾಂತಿ = ಮನಶಾಂತಿಂ ಮನಶ್ಯಾಂತಿ ನಿಃ -- ಸಂತಯ-ಸಂತೆಯ or ನಿಸ್ಸಂಶಯ

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VII. "When F is preceded by and followed by or a soft consonant, it is changed to, which, with the preceding, becomes; AS, ಮನಃ -|- ವಿಕಾರ, ಮನೋವಿಕಾರ; ಮನಃ | ಭಾವ=ಮನೆ ಭಾವ ತಮಃ -- ಹಂತಾ ತಮೋಹಂತಾ

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VIII. "A consonant at the end of a word followed by a nasal is changed to the nasal of the class optionally" as, 1) = 23), (123); ೩೯, ಸತ್ರ

IX. "The preceding consonant (except a nasal) takes the third consonant of its class as its substitute, when compounded with a soft consonant or the initial vo wel of aword" eg. ದಿಕ್+ಒಲದಿಷ್ಟಲ; W851-20 = ದೃಷ್ಟಲ; ಹೃತ್ - ರೋಗ =ಹೃದ್ರೋಗ; ಸತ್ + ಗುಣ - ಸದ್ಗು + ಅಂತರ = ದಿಗಂತರ; ದಿಕ್ + ಅಂಬರ – ದಿ

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ಗಂಬರ,

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ದಿಕ್

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X. "Before hard consonants, the preceding consonants except a nasal substitute the first letter of their class; ” as, ಕಕುಭ + ಪ್ರಾಂತ= ಕಕಾಂತ; ಪಡಿ + ಚಕ)= ಪಕ); ತ5 + ತಾತ = ತಾತ್ತ

XI. of followed by is changed to 5; as, ಉತ -|- ಲಂಘನ = ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನ; ಉತ್ -- ಲೇಖ = ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ

XII. When vs precedes and, the initial in the latter words is dropped; as, cv-1*ನ= ಉತ್ಥಾನ; ಉತ್ -- ಸ್ತಂಭನ = ಉತ್ಕಂಭನ

XIII., preceded by any classified consonant except a nasal, is changed to the fourth letter of the class, to which the preceding consonant belongs; as, ಉ5 + ಹರಣ = ಉದ್ದರಣ

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