ಕೊಡದೇ ಅಥವಾ ಆ ಕುರಿತು ಏನೂ ಮಾತಾಡದೇ ಹೊರಟು i.e. He (started and-) went away without paying or speaking any thing about payment.

294. Gerunds sometimes express manner; e,g. ವೆಂಕಟಾಚಲನು ಅಕ್ಕುತ್ತಾ ತನ್ನ ಪೂರ್ವ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತವನ್ನು ಹೇಳಿದನು.e, Venkatachela related his past history with tears, ಗೋಪಿಯು ಸುತ್ತಲೂ ಅತ್ತಿತ್ತ ನೋಡಿ ಅಂದಳು i,e, Looking all around Gopi said, ರಾಧೆಯು ತಡ ಮಾಡದೇ ಬಂದಳು 1,6, Radha came without delay.

own

295. The participles may have their nominatives or objects; as, Bæer, ಅವನು ಹೋಗಿ, ಎರಡು 807 gi. e. It is two months since he went. 2g weghe 20 i. e. The crops were lost for want of rain, ♪ ♫ J¬...ɔɔ i.e. Money being lost, debt had to be incurred. 2 o 25 drone, i. e. Butter is got by churning curds, ಹೈಡರನು ಅರಸನನ್ನು ತಳ್ಳಿ ತಾನೇ ಅರಸನಾದನು i.e.Haider deposed the king and usurped the throne.

1

296. These participles are also used in the formation of compound verbs; as, a foby ಬಿಡು 1, 6, Pay out the money, ಬಸಪ್ಪನು ಮಾತಾಡದೇ ನಡೆದು ಬಿಟ್ಟನು 2. e. Basappa walked away without speaking, ಒಂದು ಉದ್ದ ಗೆರೆಯನ್ನು ಎಳೆದುಬಿಡು ile: Draw out a long time. i.e. Lay by money. ನನ್ನ ಉಂಗುರು ಎಲ್ಲಿಯೋ ಬಿದ್ದು ಹೋಯಿತು : e. My ring dropped somewhere.

i.

Uses of Relative Participles:
ಕಾಚಿಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು,

297. These Participles are called 'relative' because, these generally supply the want of re

lative pronouns in Canarese sentences; as,

ಕಲಿಯುವ

si. e. The man who ran away. The ox which could not walk, thing which was told.

eyi. e. The

298. Although these Relative Participles are generally treated as participial adjectives in Cana rese, they can admit of nominatives before them; i. ನಾನು ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಂಡ ಮನೆ 1, e. The house which g. I purchased, ನೀನು ಹೇಳುವ ಮನುಷ್ಯನು ie. The man that you are speaking of.

IEL

ಅವನನ್ನು

299. Trasitive Participles can also govern a preceding noun in the objective case; e. g. ಹೊಡಿಯುವ ಮನುಷ್ಯನ . The man that beats ತನ್ನ ಮಾಠವನ್ನು ಮಾಡದ ಹುಡುಗನು i, e. The boy who does not prepare his lesson.

him,

300. A Relative Participle can have before it a noun in any case except the vocative and genitive; e. g. i. e. The forms made by Clive, ನೆಪೋಲಿಯನನು ಗೆದ್ದ ವೀರನie, The warrior who defeated Nepoleon, ಜಾಗ್ರತೆಯಿಂದ ಬರೆದ * i. e. A carefully written letter. $8, ದ ಉಂಗುರ ie. A ring set with diamonds, ದೇವರಲ್ಲಿ ಇಟ್ಟ i. e. Faith in God.

301. The active Participle is very often used for the passive; for example, 33 The tree which was felled, i. e. The advice which was imparted.

302. The relation or connection which a Re lative Participle has with other words varies according to the sense of the verb. It is often expressed in English by placing a preposition before the relative pronoun; e. g. 5B > i, e. The place to which you went. ಶಂಕರಾಚಾರ್ಯರು Wapka TEuJ i. e. The phylosophy preached

by Shankaracharya.

i. e. The pen with which you wrote, ಕೃಷ್ಣನು ಹಣ ಇಟ್ಟ ಪೈಗೆಟಿ 1. e. The box in which Krishna kept money.

Uses of the Verbal Nouns:
ಕ್ರಿಯಾನಾಮಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು

303. The Verbal Noun (3) is freely used as an ordinary noun. It can be declined in all the cases except the vocative.

It generally expresses an action, state or quality and therefore has always the neuter gender and singular number; . . ಹೇಳುವದು ಸುಲಭ, ಮಾಡುವದು ಕಪ್ಪ i.e. It is easy to advise(but)difficult to act up to it.

e. g.

304. But the Verbal Noun, being derived from the relative participle by the addition of ›, has all the peculiarities of the participle; e. g. 2039 Bega OLIX Si.e. He remembered what you told(him).ನಾವು ಕಾಗವವನ್ನು ಬರೆಯುವದು ಆತಗೆ ತಿಳಿದದೆ He has come to know of our writing a letter. H ಅವರನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕರೆಯುವದು ನಿಮ್ಮ ತಪ್ಪು 1, 6. Your calling i. e. them here is your mistake?

305. The Verbal Noun may be preceded by a noun or pronoun in any case, except the vocative; ರಾಮನು ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇರುವದು ಒಳ್ಳೇದಿತ್ತು 1, e. It was e.g. better for Rama to have remained at home.

ಊರಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುವದು ಯಾವಾಸ್ಯೆ? i.e. When do you go to your native place.

306. The Verbal Noun can form the nominative of a sentence in the impersonal voice, for example, ಅವನು ಚಾಡಿ ಕೇಳುವದಿಲ್ಲ ie. He does not listen to tale bearing, ನೀವು ಧೈರ್ಯ ಬಿಡುವದು ಬೇಡಿರಿ i.e, De not lose courage, ಸಜ್ಜನರಿಗೆ ಸುಳ್ಳಾಡುವದು ಆಗದು i, 6,

e.

Uses of the Participial Nouns:
ಕೃನ್ನಾಮಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು,

307. The Participial Noun (is, in all respects, a noun. It can be used in all the cases; as, ಈ ಲೋಕವನ್ನು ಉಂಟು ಮಾಡಿದವರು ಯಾರು? j.e. Who created this world ? ಈ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಕೊಟ್ಟವರನ್ನು ಕರೆ i.e, Call those who submitted this application, ಆ ಪತ್ರವನ್ನು ಬರೆ, ದವನಿಂದಲೇ ಅದನ್ನು ಓದಿಸುile. Get that letter read by him who wrote it. ಅಪರಾಧವನ್ನು ಮಾಡಿದವರಿಗೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಿಸುi,e, Punish those who are guilty, ಆ ಹಾಡುವವಳ ಧ್ವನಿಯು ಮಧುರ, i.e. The songstress' voice is very sweet. ಯತ್ನ ಮಾಡುವವನಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಥಿರಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇರಬೇಕು ie. He who tries (for something) should have perseverance. 33 ಕಲ್ಪನಾಶಕ್ತಿಯ ಕಿವಿಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಮಂಕುನಂಬಿಗೆಯಿಂದ ಆನಿಸುವವರೆ moan zego i. e. Ye, who listen with credulity to the whispers of fancy, attend to this.

303. A Participial Noun is generally expressed in English by three words, viz, a relative pronoun, a verb, and the antecedent of the rela tive pronoun; as, i, e. He who speaks.

i. e. Those who sing.

(7) Uses of the auxiliary Verbs:
ಸಹಾಯಕಿಯಾಪದಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು.

Uses of the supplemental Verbs:
( ಉಪ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು )

309. The following verbal roots, when added to a conjunctive participle or gerund (3) cf any other verb, supplement or extend the meaning of the latter; therefore, they are called supple. mental verbs:

Note. These affect the meanings of verbs in Canarese as the prepositions do in English.

1. (to play)- When added to the conjunctive participles, signifies to and fro, about,

here and there etc.; as, i.e. He runs abcut, zg, Sdixədici e. She wanders here and there, ಅವರು ಹೊಡೆದಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ i, e, They

quarrel.

Note.

ings when it is

gives a variety of idiomatic meanplaced after certain nouns; as, ♪.

to coax;

to swim;
ಕರದಾಡು to

ತಿ, ಮಾತಾಡು to upbraid, ಮುದ್ದಾಡು to kiss, ಚಂಡಾಡು

to play at ball;

weapons.

to scatter; quarrel with

2. (to place)- when joined to the past conjunctive participle, it expresses completion, or answers to off, away, down, etc.; e. g. Sex ನಾನು ನಿನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಿಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇನೆ ie. I have finished your work, ರಾಮನು Own at i, e. Rama hid it.

Note. The idiomatic uses of the verb when addded to nouns may be illustrated by the following examples; as, ಸುರಿಯಿತು to aim; ಉಸುರಿಡು to sigh, ಕ ಇರು to look at, ಮಣೆ ಇಡು togrind ಹೆಸರಿಡು to name; ಒತ್ತೆಯಿರು to pawn; ಕಡು to strike with a stick, ಆಯಿತು to take an oath; ನೆನಪಿಡು to remember; ಊರಿಡು to pickle; ಕಟ್ಟಿತು to lay by ಕಣ್ಣೀರಿಡು to shed

tears.

3.

(to give)- signifies that the action expressed by the participle is done for some body else; as, ಅವನು ರಾಮನಿಗೆ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಬರಕೊಟ್ಟನು .e. He wrote & letter for Rama, ನಾನು ನಿನಗೆ ಇದನ್ನು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡುತ್ತೇನೆ i. e. I do this for you

When follows an infinitive, it is an auxiliary verb and denotes permission; as, s ಮಾಡಗೊಡು