ಡೋಕಾಗ ಬೇಕು or ಕಾಗದವನ್ನು ದಯ ಮಾಡಿ ನೋಡ ಬೇಕು i. e. Please see this letter. 284. The third person Imperative lets, allows or permits; as. Be i.e. Let him go; wo ದದ್ದು ಬರಲಿ i, e. Come what may, ದೇವರು ನಿಮಗೆ ದಯ i. e. May God bless you. 285. The Imparative in the third person is also used in the first person singular, in order to express a doubt; as, 5 g i, e. What shall I say, ಇಂಥ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು ಹ್ಯಾಗೆ ವರ್ತಿಸು i, . ನನು How shall I act in such circumstences? (6) Uses of the Uninflected Verbal Forms: ಅವ್ಯಯಾತ್ಮಕ ಕಿ/ಯಾಪದಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು. (a) Uses of the Infinitives: 286. a. The Infinitive depends upon the finite verb, which is placed immediately after it; as,. IR 200 g .e. Tell him to write. ಇದನ್ನು ನೋಡಲಿಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದನು ?, He came to see this. b. It is sometimes governed by an auxiliary verb which follows it; e. g. 2 Your handwriting must be improved. i. e. You ought to i. e. Yemuna did not come. E 3 Weɔ i. e. mek. ಬರಲಿಲ್ಲ go. ಯಮನೆಯು C. When the Infinitive ending in is follow ed by, regation of a past action is denoted; e. g. ǝd, af eg i.e. I did not say so. Ji QUEL TAITOA my, degum nu i, e. I have neither seen or heard of it.j d. In relating contemporaneous or closely. succeeding actions by the same or different agents, any number of the second Infinitives in may be used in succession, with a finite verb at the end of the sentence expressing the principal or concluding action. This use of the Infinitive is called ಸತಿಸಪ್ತಮಿ e.g, ಚಂದ್ರಪ್ರಕಾಶವು ಕಥೆ ಸುಂದಲು, ತಾರಕೆಗಳು ಅಡಗಲು, ಹಕ್ಕಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳು ಕಿಲಕಿಲ ತಬ್ಬಮಾಡವೆಸಗಲು, ಸೂರ್ಯನು Bowie. When the moonlight fades, the stars disappear and the birds begin their warbling, the stun rises, ರಕ್ತವಿಳಿಯಲು, ಕೂದಲು ಹಣ್ಣಾಗಲು, ಮೈನಿರಿಗೆಗಟ್ಟ ಈ, ನಡಿಯುವಾಗ ಕೈಕಾಲು ನಡುಗಳು, ವೃದ್ಧಾಪ್ಯವು ಬರುವದು i, 6, When the blood is on the decline, the hairs turn gray, the body gets wrinkled and the hands and feet tremble while walking, decrepitude is reached. e. In the Impersonal Voice, the Infinite is used as the subject or nominative; e. g. B32 Sacz zai. e. I cannot look at it. f. Before a number of verbs, it stands in the place of an object; as, i. e. I know how to write. i, e. You do not know how to write. ಅವರಿಗೆ ಬರಿಯಲಿಕ್ಕೆ ಹೇಳು i,e, Tell them to write, ಅವನು ಅದನ್ನು ಮಾಡ ತೊಡಗಿದನು i, e, He began doing it. g. Sometimes, it denotes some object or purpose, thus occupying the place of a noun in the datave case; eg, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅವನು ಕಾಗದವನ್ನು ಬರಿಯಲಿಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದಿ i, e. He had come here to write a letter. h. The second Infinitive is sometimes used to denote a condition: e. g. ತಮ್ಮ ದಯೆ ಇರಲಿ ನಮಗೆ ಯಾ * ? ie. If you will favour us, what shall we be wanting in ? ಮಿತಿಯಿಂದ ಮಳೆ ಬೀಳಲು, ಬೈರು ಚನ್ನಾ a. i.e.If rain falls in sufficient quantity, ಯಾಧೀಶನು ಹ್ಯಾಗೆ ನ್ಯಾಯ ಮಾಡುವನು? How can a judge do justice, when all the witnesses tell lies? ~ a e. g. i. The second Infinitive also sometimes indieates a point of time; e, g, ಆ ಇಂದಿಯನನು ಮನೆಗೆ ಬರ ತು, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಚೆಗರಿಯ ಮಾಂಸವಿದ್ದಿಲ್ಲ ie, When the Indian Came home, there was no Venison there. ಅಕಬರನು ಮಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಬ ಸಲು ಅವನು ತಾನೇ ರಾಜ್ಯಭಾರ ನಡಿಸಹತ್ತಿದನು i, e, When Akbar came of age, he began to rule personally. ಅತಿಶಯ ಹಸಿವೆಯಾಗಲು, ಹುಲಿಯು ಸವಿಯೊಳಗಿಂದ ಹೊರಬೀಳು. i. e. When greatly pressed by hunger, the tiger issues out of his den. When the Infinitive thus points out time, is frequently joined to it; eg, ರಾಮನು ಈ ಸ)ಕಾರ ಮಾತಾಡಲಾಗಿ, ಗೋವಿಂದನಿಗೆ ಇಟ್ಟು ಬಂತು i e Rama have ing spoken in this way, Govind got angry. 3. ನಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಯನ್ನು ಕೇಳಲಾಗಿ ಅವನು ಬಹಳ ಹೊತ್ತಿನವರೆಗೆ ಉತ್ತರ ಅವ. 51.e. On being asked a question, he did not return any answer for a long time. e. j. The first Infinitive alone generally precedes the auxiliary verbs- ಬೇಕು, ಬೇಡ, ಬಹುದು, ಬಾರದು ಕೊಡು ಕೊಡಿಸು, ಇಸು, ಮಾತು, ಕೂಡದು, and ತಕ್ಕ ದು; 6, 8, ಆಡ ಬೇಕು i, ಅ. Should play, ಆಡ ಬೇಡ i.6. Do not play, ಆಡ ಬಹುದು i, e. May play, ಆಡ ಬಾರ i. e. Should not play. i, e. Let one play. ಆಡಿಸು or ಆಡ ಮಾಡು ile, Make one play, ಆಡ ಕೂಡ. ದು i, e. Must not play, ಆಡ ತಕ್ಕದ್ದು i, e, Ought to play. The second Infinitive generally precedes the auxiliary verbs ಆರೆನು, ಆಗು, ಇಲ್ಲ, ಒಟ್ಟು, ಪಡು etc, e. g. ಮಾಡಲಿ ಪೆನು i, e. I can do. ಮಾಡಲಿ ಎರೆನು . . I cannot do. gi. e. Did not do. i. e. Be able to do. ie. To be done. ; I could not do. h. The active Infinite is very often used in the place of its passive form; e.g. $ i. e. When the box was opened, there was no book in it, ಆ ಕಾಗದವು ಓದಲಾಗಿ, ಈ ವರ್ತ. LmJ3 Syd, 203 i.e. When that letter was read, this news become known. (b) Uses of the Conjunctive Participles or Gerunds: ನನರೂಪಗಳ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳು, 287. These Participles are called conjunctive because, they are generally used in order to avoid the use of conjunctions, particulary the coordinating conjunction", (and)"; as:- Instead of 'I ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದೆನು ಮತ್ತು ಕಾಗದವನ್ನು ಬರೆದೆನು, we generally say ನಾನು ಮನೆಗೆ ಒಂದು ಕಾಗದವನ್ನು ಬರೆದೆನು So, the use of one or more Conjunctive Participles in a sentence always requires a finite verb at the end; without the latter, the sentence would be incomplete, Hence they are called (lit, incomplete forms). s 288. Although the gerunds in eo (ing) are said to be of the present tense, they are not used only as such. Their real use is to relate those actions which are, were or will be done simulteniously with the one that is indicted by the finite verb in the sentence; as, ಆ ಹುಡುಗರು ಆಡುತ್ತಾ ನಗುತ್ತಾ ಹೋಗು. ತಾರೆ (ಹೋದರು or ಪ್ರಸುವರು) ie. The boysego (wept or will go) playing and laughing. 289. So, also the gerunds ending in or, although they are nominally called past ones, are used in relating a series of actions one by one, either in the present, past or future tense; e.g. și Rama rose early in the morning, read his lessOns and went to school, ನಾನು ಈಗ ಒಂದು ಕಾಗದವ. 2:2 ನ ಒರೆದು, ಚೇಟು ಹಚ್, ಅಂಚೆ ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಕುವೆನು i. e. I shall now write a letter, stamp it and drop it into the letter-box. Note. "The gerund may be regarded as a suspensive tense, as its person, gender and time are determined by the final verb, except when the nominative is expressed. It is used in relating a series of actions."-Hodson. 290. a. The repetition of the present participle denotes progress; ie.ಆತನು ಆ ಆಲೋಚನೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ದಿವಸ ಕಥೆದನು i,e. He lost days after day in thinking upon it over and over. b. The repetition of the past participle expresses excess; e.g. Jaj, win, win, zję¤3⁄4 ̧ì i.e. I was tired of writing, ೮ ಹೆಂಡಕುಡಕನು ಸರಾಯಿ ಕುಡಿದು ಕುಡಿದು 9. e. The drunkard expired by drink ing to excess. 291. The present participle is used in forming the imperfect tenses, as, ಅವನು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಇದ್ದಾನೆ . e, He is walking, ಅವನು ನಡಿಯುತ್ತ ಇದ್ದನು . . He was walking, ಅವನು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತ ಇರುವನು ie, He will be walking. 292. The past participles are used in the formation of perfect tenses; as, ರಾಮನು ಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ ಹೋಗಿದ್ದನು. Bence. Rama has gone, had gone or will be going. 293. The negative participles are used to relate negative actions in the present, past or future tense, ಅವನು ನಿಮಗೆ ಹೇಳದೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾನೆ i, e, He goes away without taking your leave, |