CHAPTER II. Euphony. ( ಸಂಧಿ or ಸಂಹಿತ ) 26. The combination of two or more letters following each other into one, for facilitating pronunciation is called Euphony (NOQ). Note 1. When complete words are joined together so as to form a sentence or verse, their final and initial letters remain in some instances unchanged; but in the majority of cases, the final of the preceding or the initial of the following word or both, must undergo certain changes, which are intended to facilitate the pronunciation. The rules which teach these changes are called the Rules of Euphony or Rules of o." -F. Kielhorn. Note 2. Some of the Rules of are very intricate and some are uncertain. The student is expected to have a tolerable knowledge of before he begins to study them; for before applying some of the Rules, he has first to see whether the change affects the sense of the words combined; and if it does, no change should be effected. Note 3. In English Grammar, Euphony or Harmony with respect to sound in the construc of under a separate chapter; however, various insertions and omissions before terminations and other affixes are mentioned on all necesCanarese Grammar, the sary occasions. In principal rules regarding the changes are given under a separate heading-op. Note. 4. The distinction between and ಸಂಧಿ is of great importance to the student, ಸಮಾಸ points out what two words may be compounded; whereas, o merely joins, if necessary or convenient, the final and initial letters of the two words thus compounded. Every compound (2) does not necessitate the contact of letters by o e. g. op takes place between 2 and ey in rd Ly; but the compound 30 makes no room for o. On the other hand, every Rule of does not necessarily join together only the parts of a compound; o may even take place between a verb and its conjugational terminations or any other affix; as, ಮಾತು+ಇಂದ ಮಾತಿನಿಂದ; ಮಾ ಡು+ಉತ್ತಾನೆ = ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾನೆ. I By Elision ತೋಪ, ಉಪ್ಪು or ಕ್ಕು ); which means the omission of one or more letters. e.g. wax + ఆయికు = దెలియు; = ಮಾತು + ಇಲ್ಲ = ಮಾತಿಲ್ಲ. జూజు + ఆది =జూజంటె, II By Insertion (); which means the putting-in of one or more additional letters; as ಮನೆ + ಅಲ್ಲಿ = ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ; ಬಾ+ ಎಂದನು ಬಾರೆಂದನು; ಸು ರು+ಅನ್ನು ಸುರುವನ್ನು. III Or by Permutation().e. by substituting one letter for another or more; e ವೆಂದ್ರ; ನೆಲ+ ಕಟ್ಟು = ನೆಲಗಟ್ಟು; ಮರ + ಕಾಲು = ಮರಗಾಲು, . 28. when two words are said to have been united by 0, the union generally affects only the final letter of the first word and the initial one of the second; as, in +20) = 0, the letters actually united are the final the initial . in and Note. If two words are joined together, the first is named ಪೂರ್ವಪದ or ಆದಿಪದ and the second ಉತ್ತರವದ ಪರಪದ or ಅಂತ್ಯದ 29. chiefly takes place (1) in forming compounds(3), 2) in the inflection of nouns and the conjugation of verbs (Bassop ), and in linking together all the words in a sentence ( ಪದಾಂತ್ಯ ಸಂಧಿ ); 6, g. (1 ಕಬ್+ ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಶಬ್ದಾಲಂಕಾರ; (2) ರಾಮ + ಅನು = ರಾಮನನ್ನು ಹೋಗು + ಇ = ಹೋಗಿ, (3) ಪ್ರಜೆಗಳ + *ಾಲಿಸ್+ ಬಲ್ಲಡೆ + ಆತನು + ಅರಸಂ ಪುಜೆಪಾಲಿಸಬಲ್ಲಡಾತನರಸಂ or ಅವನ + ಅಣ್ಣನು +ಇಂತು+ಎಂದನು ಅವನಣ್ಣನಿಂತೆದನು. = 30. The union of all or any number of words in a sentence is called and the sepa-ration of words is termed ಪದವಠ or ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಭಾವ Note. throws a great difficulty in the way of making out the sense of the sentence. It is therefore very seldom adopted in writing; speech and poetry, helps the reader, to grasp the meaning of the sentence at once. 31. ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಮಧ್ಯಸಂಧಿ and ಪದಮಧ್ಯಸಂಧಿ are necessary (ನಿತ್ಯ); but ಪಂದಾಂತ್ಯಸಂಧಿ is optional (ವಿಕಲ್ಪ);So it is incorrect to say ವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ and ಹೋಗುಉತ್ತಾನೆ; they must be ವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ and ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾನೆ; but ಹಾಗೆ ಆದರೆ ಆ and are both correct. 32. Euphony is of two kinds: Euphony in Canarese words () and Euphony in Sanscrit words (ONY SHOP). Note 1. The Rules of apply when both the words united are pure Sanscrit (3); in case one or both of them are corrupt Sanscrit (3) pure Canarese (2) or Foreign ( ನೇತೃ), ಕನ್ನಡಸಂಧಿ is applicable, is also applied when an affix or ending is added to a pure Sanscrit () word. which are Note 2. The Rules of all directly borrowed from the Sanscrit Grammar differ very much from those of. 33. ಕನ್ನಡಸಂಧಿ and ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಸಂಧಿ are again each of them subdivided into (Union of vowels) and o (Union of Consonants). Note 1. When both the letters that are affected by o are vowels, the union is called ಸ್ವರಸಂಧಿ; as, ಅಆನಂದ=ಅತ್ಯಾನಂದ; ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಉರಿ ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ08. If either or both of them are consonants ವ್ಯಂಜನಸಂಧಿ is applicable, ಸತ್+ಜನ ಸಜ್ಜನ; ಮುನ್ಜಾ ವು-ಮುಂಜಾವು. ಮುಖತಾವರೆ=ಮುಖದಾವರೆ, |