This was his method of living to the year 1701, | highest dignities of the university, and in the when he was recommended by Van Berg to the same year made physician of St. Augustine's university as a proper person to succeed Drelin-hospital, in Leyden, into which the students are curtius in the professorship of physic, and elected admitted twice a week, to learn the practice of without any solicitations on his part, and almost physic. without his consent, on the 18th of May. On this occasion, having observed, with grief, that Hippocrates, whom he regarded not only as the father but as the prince of physicians, was not sufficiently read or esteemed by young students, he pronounced an oration, “De commendando Studio Hippocratico;" by which he restored that great author to his just and ancient reputation. He now began to read public lectures with great applause, and was prevailed upon by his audience to enlarge his original design, and instruct them in chemistry. This he undertook, not only to the great advantage of his pupils but to the great improvement of the art itself, which had hitherto been treated only in a confused and irregular manner, and was little more than a history of particular experiments, not reduced to certain principles, nor connected one with another: this vast chaos he reduced to order, and made that clear and easy, which was before to the last degree difficult and obscure. His reputation now began to bear some proportion to his merit, and extended itself to distant universities; so that, in 1703, the professorship of physic being vacant at Groningen, he was invited thither; but he refused to leave Leyden, and chose to continue his present course of life. This invitation and refusal being related to the governors of the university of Leyden, they had so grateful a sense of his regard for them, that they immediately voted an honorary increase of his salary, and promised him the first professorship that should be vacant. On this occasion he pronounced an oration upon the use of mechanics in the science of physic, in which he endeavoured to recommend a rational and mathematical inquiry into the causes of diseases, and the structure of bodies; and to show the follies and weaknesses of the jargon introduced by Paracelsus, Helmont, and other chemical enthusiasts, who have obtruded upon the world the most airy dreams, and instead of enlightening their readers with explications of nature, have darkened the plainest appearances, and bewildered mankind in error and obscurity. This was of equal advantage to the sick and to the students, for the success of his practice was the best demonstration of the soundness of his principles. When he laid down his office of governor of the university, in 1715, he made an olation upon the subject of "attaining to certainty in natural philosophy ;" in which he declares, in the strong. est terms, in favour of experimental knowledge, and reflects, with just severity, upon those arrogant philosophers, who are too easily disgusted with the slow methods of obtaining true notions by frequent experiments, and who, possessed with too high an opinion of their own abilities, rather choose to consult their own imagina tions than inquire into nature, and are better pleased with the charming amusement of forming hypotheses, than the toilsome drudgery of making observations. The emptiness and uncertainty of all those systems, whether venerable for their antiquity, or agreeable for their novelty, he has evidently shown; and not only declared, but proved, that we are entirely ignorant of the principles of things, and that all the knowledge we have is of such qualities alone as are discoverable by experience, or such as may be deduced from them by mathematical demonstration. This discourse, filled as it was with piety, and a true sense of the greatness of the Supreme Being, and the incomprehensibility of his works, gave such offence to a professor of Franeker, who professed the utmost esteem for Des Cartes, and considered his principles as the bulwark of orthodoxy, that he appeared in vindication of his darling author, and spoke of the injury done him with the utmost vehemence, declaring little less than that the Cartesian system and the Christian must inevitably stand and fall together, and that to say that we were ignorant of the principles of things, was not only to enlist among the Skep tics, but sink into Atheism itself. So far can prejudice darken the understanding, as to make it consider precarious systems as the chief support of sacred and invariable truth. This treatment of Boerhaave was so far resented by the governors of his university, that they procured from Franeker a recantation of the Boerhaave had now for nine years read physi- invective that had been thrown out against him: cal lectures, but without the title or dignity of a this was not only complied with, but offers were professor, when by the death of professor Hot-made him of more ample satisfaction; to which ten, the professorship of physic and botany fell to him of course. On this occasion he asserted the simplicity and facility of the science of physic, in opposition to those that think obscurity contributes to the dignity of learning, and that to be admired it is necessary not to be understood. His profession of botany made it part of his duty to superintend the physical garden, which improved so much by the immense number of new plants which he procured, that it was enlarged to twice its original extent. In 1714, he was deservedly advanced to the cină partes acerrime persequi; mathematica etiam aliis tradere; sacra legere, et auctores qui profitentur docere rationem certam amandi Deum.-Orig. Edit. he returned an answer not less to his honour than the victory he gained, "that he should think himself sufficiently compensated, if his adversary received no farther molestation on his account." So far was this weak and injudicious attack from shaking a reputation not casually raised by fashion or caprice, but founded upon solid merit, that the same year his correspondence was desired upon Botany and Natural Philosophy by the Academy of Sciences at Paris, of which he was, upon the death of Count Marsigli, in the year 1723, elected a member. Nor were the French the only nation by which this great man was courted and distinguished; for, two years after, he was elected fellow of our Royal Society. It cannot be doubted but, thus caressed and honoured with the highest and most public marks | patience of Boerhaave, as it was more rational, of esteem by other nations, he became more cele- was more lasting than theirs; it was that patienbrated in the university; for Boerhaave was not tia Christiana which Lipsius, the great master of one of those learned men, of whom the world the Stoical Philosophy, begged of God in his last has seen too many that disgrace their studies hours; it was founded on religion, not vanity, by their vices, and by their unaccountable weak- not on vain reasonings, but on confidence in God. nesses make themselves ridiculous at home, In 1727, he was seized with a violent burning while their writings procure them the veneration fever, which continued so long that he was once of distant countries, where their learning is more given up by his friends. known, but not their follies. From this time he was frequently afflicted with Not that his countrymen can be charged with returns of his distemper, which yet did not so far being insensible of his excellences till other na- subdue him, as to make him lay aside his studies tions taught them to admire him; for in 1718, he or his lectures, till, in 1729, he found himself so was chosen to succeed Le Mort in the professor-worn out that it was improper for him to continue ship of chemistry; on which occasion he pro- any longer the professorships of botany and chenounced an oration "De chemia errores suos mistry, which he therefore resigned, April 28, and expurgante," in which he treated that science upon his resignation spoke a "Sermo Academiwith an elegance of style not often to be found in cus," or oration, in which he asserts the power chemical writers, who seem generally to have and wisdom of the Creator from the wonderful affected not only a barbarous, but unintelligible fabric of the human body; and confutes all those phrase, and to have, like the Pythagoreans of old, idle reasoners, who pretend to explain the formawrapt up their secrets in symbols and enigmati- tion of parts, or the animal operations, to which cal expressions, either because they believed that he proves that art can produce nothing equal, nor mankind would reverence most what they least any thing parallel. One instance I shall mention, understood, or because they wrote not from be- which is produced by him, of the vanity of any nevolence but vanity, and were desirous to be attempt to rival the work of God. Nothing is praised for their knowledge, though they could more boasted by the admirers of chemistry, than not prevail upon themselves to communicate it. that they can, by artificial heats and digestion, In 1722, his course both of lectures and prac-imitate the productions of Nature. "Let all tice was interrupted by the gout, which, as he relates it in his speech after his recovery, he brought upon himself, by an imprudent confidence in the strength of his own constitution, and by transgressing those rules which he had a thousand times inculcated to his pupils and acquaintance. Rising in the morning before day, he went immediately, hot and sweating, from his bed into the open air, and exposed himself to the cold dews. The history of his illness can hardly be read without horror; he was for five months confined to his bed, where he lay upon his back without daring to attempt the least motion, because any effort renewed his torments, which were so exquisite, that he was at length not only deprived of motion but of sense. Here art was at a stand, nothing could be attempted, because nothing could be proposed with the least prospect of success. At length having in the sixth month of his illness, obtained some remission, be took simple medicines in large quantities, and at length wonderfully recovered. His recovery, so much desired, and so unexpected, was celebrated on Jan. 11, 1723, when he opened his school again, with general joy and public illuminations. It would be an injury to the memory of Boerhaave not to mention what was related by himself to one of his friends, that when he lay whole days and nights without sleep, he found no method of diverting his thoughts so effectual as meditation upon his studies, and that he often relieved and mitigated the sense of his torments by the recollection of what he had read, and by reviewing those stores of knowledge which he had reposited in his memory. This is perhaps an instance of fortitude and steady composure of mind, which would have been for ever the boast of the Stoic schools, and increased the reputation of Seneca or Cato. The "Succos pressos bibit Noster herbarum Cichoreæ, Endivie, Fumariæ, Nasturtii aquatici, Veronicae aquatiæ latifolia, copia ingenti; simul deglutiens abundantissime gummi ferulacea Asiatica."-Orig. Edit. these heroes of science meet together," says Boerhaave; let them take bread and wine, the food that forms the blood of man, and by assimilation contributes to the growth of the body: let them try all their arts, they shall not be able from these materials to produce a single drop of blood.-So much is the most common act of Nature beyond the utmost efforts of the most extended Science ! From this time Boerhaave lived with less public employment indeed, but not an idle or a useless life; for, besides his hours spent in instructing his scholars, a great part of his time was taken up by patients which came, when the distemper would admit it, from all parts of Europe to consult him, or by letters which, in more urgent cases, were continually sent, to inquire his opinion, or ask his advice. Of his sagacity, and the wonderful penetration with which he often discovered and described, at the first sight of a patient, such distempers as betray themselves by no symptoms to common eyes, such wonderful relations have been spread over the world, as, though attested beyond doubt, can scarcely be credited. I mention none of them, because I have no opportunity of collecting testimonies, or distinguishing between those accounts which are well proved, and those which owe their rise to fiction and credulity. Yet I cannot but implore, with the greatest earnestness, such as have been conversant with this great man, that they will not so far neglect the common interest of mankind, as to suffer any of these circumstances to be lost to posterity. Men are generally idle, and ready to satisfy themselves, and intimidate the industry of others, by calling that impossible which is only difficult. The skill to which Boerhaave attained, by a long and unwearied observation of nature, ought therefore to be transmitted in all its particulars to future ages, that his successors may be ashamed to fall below him, and that none may hereafter excuse his ignorance by pleading the impossibility of clearer knowledge. Yet so far was this great master from presumptuous confidence in his abilities, that, in his examinations of the sick, he was remarkably circumstantial and particular. He well knew that the originals of distempers are often at a distance from their visible effects; that to conjecture, where certainty may be obtained, is either vanity or negligence; and that life is not to be sacrificed, either to an affectation of quick discernment, or of crowded practice, but may be required, if trifled away, at the hand of the physician. the best men, even Job himself, were not able t refrain from such starts of impatience. This he did not deny; but said, "He that loves God, ought to think nothing desirable but what is most pleasing to the Supreme Goodness.” Such were his sentiments, and such his conduct, in this state of weakness and pain: as death approached nearer, he was so far from terror or confusion, that he seemed even less sensible of pain, and more cheerful under his torments, which continued till the 23d day of September, 1738, on which he died, between four and five in the morning, in the 70th year of his age. Thus died Boerhaave, a man formed by nature for great designs, and guided by religion in the exertion of his abilities. He was of a robust and athletic constitution of body, so hardened by early severities, and wholesome fatigue, that he was insensible of any sharpness of air, or inclemency of weather. He was tall, and remarkable for extraordinary strength. There was in his air and motion something rough and artless, but so majestic and great at the same time, that no man ever looked upon him without veneration, and a kind of tacit submission to the superiority of his genius. The vigour and activity of his mind sparkled visibly in his eyes; nor was it ever observed that any change of his fortune, or alteration in his affairs, whether happy or unfortunate, affected his countenance. About the middle of the year 1737, he felt the årst approaches of that fatal illness that brought him to the grave, of which we have inserted an account, written by himself Sept. 8, 1738, to a friend at London; which deserves not only to be preserved as an historical relation of the disease which deprived us of so great a man, but as a proof of his piety and resignation to the divine will. In this last illness, which was to the last degree lingering, painful, and afflictive, his constancy and firmness did not forsake him. He neither intermitted the necessary cares of life, nor forgot the proper preparations for death. Though dejection and lowness of spirit was, as he himself tells us, part of his distemper, yet even this, in some measure, gave way to that vigour which the soul receives from a consciousness of innocence. About three weeks before his death he received a visit at his country-house from the Rev. Mr. Schultens, his intimate friend, who found him sitting without-door, with his wife, sister, and He was always cheerful, and desirous of prodaughter after the compliments of form, the moting mirth by a facetious and humorous conladies withdrew, and left them to private conver-versation; he was never soured by calumny and sation; when Boerhaave took occasion to tell him detraction, nor ever thought it necessary to conwhat had been, during his illness, the chief sub-fute them; "for they are sparks," said he, “which, ject of his thoughts. He had never doubted of if you do not blow them, will go out of themthe spiritual and immaterial nature of the soul; selves." but declared that he had lately had a kind of experimental certainty of the distinction between corporeal and thinking substances, which mere reason and philosophy cannot afford, and opportunities of contemplating the wonderful and inexplicable union of soul and body, which nothing but long sickness can give. This be illustrated by a description of the effects which the infirmities of his body had upon his faculties, which yet they did not so oppress or vanquish, but his soul was always master of itself, and always resigned to the pleasure of its Maker. He related, with great concern, that once his patience so far gave way to extremity of pain, that, after having lain fifteen hours in exquisite tortures, he prayed to God that he might be set free by death. Mr. Schultens, by way of consolation, answered, that he thought such wishes, when forced by continued and successive torments, unavoidable in the present state of human nature; that "Etas, labor, corporisque opima pinguetudo, effe. cerant, ante annum, ut inertibus refertum, grave, hebes, plenitudine turgens corpus, anhelum ad motus mínimos, cum sensu suffocationis, pulsu mirifice anomalo, inep tum evaderet ad ullum motum. Urgebat præcipue sub sistens prorsus et intercepta respiratio ad prima somni initia: unde somnus prorsus prohibebatur, cum formidabili strangulationis molestia. Hine hydrops pedum, crurum, femorum. scroti præputii, et abdominis. Quæ tamen omnia sublata. Sed dolor manet in abdomine, cum anxietate summa, anhelitu suffocante, et debilitate incredibili: somno pauro, eoque vago, per somnia turbatissimo: animus vero rebus agendis impar. Cum his Juctor fessus nec emergo; patienter expectans Dei jussa, quibus resigno data, quæ sola amo, et honoro unice.Orig. Edit. Yet he took care never to provoke enemies by severity of censure, for he never dwelt on the faults or defects of others, and was so far from inflaming the envy of his rivals by dwelling on his own excellences, that he rarely mentioned himself or his writings, He was not to be overawed or depressed by the presence, frowns, or insolence of great men, but persisted on all occasions in the right with a resolution always present and always calm. He was modest, but not timorous, and firm without rudeness. He could, with uncommon readiness and certainty, make a conjecture of men's inclinations and capacity by their aspect. His method of life was to study in the n.orning and evening, and to allot the middle of the day to his public business. His usual exercise was riding, till, in his latter years, his distempers made it more proper for him to walk: when he was weary he amused himself with playing on the violin. His greatest pleasure was to retire to his house in the country, where he had a garden stored with all the herbs and trees which the climate would bear; here he used to enjoy his hours unmolested, and prosecute his studies without interruption. The diligence with which he pursued his studies, is sufficiently evident from his success. Statesmen and generals may grow great by unexpected accidents, and a fortunate concurrence of circumstances, neither procured nor foreseen by themselves; but reputation in the leamed world must be the effect of industry and capacity. Boerhaave lost none of his hours, but when he had attained one science, attempted an- | God as he is in himself, without attempting to inother; he added physic to divinity, chemistry to quire into his nature. He desired only to think the mathematics, and anatomy to botany. He of God, what God knows of himself. There he examined systems by experiments, and formed stopped, lest, by indulging his own ideas, he experiments into systems. He neither neglected should form a Deity from his own imagination, the observations of others, nor blindly submitted and sin by falling down before him. To the will to celebrated names. He neither thought so of God he paid an absolute submission, without highly of himself as to imagine he could receive endeavouring to discover the reason of his deterno light from books, nor so meanly as to believe minations; and this he accounted the first and he could discover nothing but what was to be most inviolable duty of a Christian. When he learned from them. He examined the observa- heard of a criminal condemned to die, he used to tions of other men, but trusted only to his own. think, who can tell whether this man is not better Nor was he unacquainted with the art of re-than I? or, if I am better, it is not to be ascribed commending truth by elegance, and embellishing the philosopher with polite literature: he knew that but a small part of mankind will sacrifice their pleasure to their improvement, and those authors who would find many readers, must endeavour to please while they instruct. He knew the importance of his own writings to mankind, and lest he might, by a roughness and barbarity of style, too frequent among men of great learning, disappoint his own intentions, and make his labours less useful, he did not neglect the politer arts of eloquence and poetry. Thus was his learning at once various and exact, profound and agreeable. But his knowledge, however uncommon, holds in his character but the second place; his virtue was yet much more uncommon than his learning. He was an admirable example of temperance, fortitude, humility, and devotion. His piety, and a religious sense of his dependence on God, was the basis of all his virtues, and the principle of his whole conduct. He was too sensible of his weakness to ascribe any thing to himself, or to conceive that he could subdue passion, or withstand temptation, by his own natural power; he attributed every good thought, and every laudable action, to the Father of goodness. Being once asked by a friend, who had often admired his patience under great provocations, whether he knew what it was to be angry, and by what means he had so entirely suppressed that impetuous and ungovernable passion? he answered with the utmost frankness and sincerity, that he was naturally quick of resentment, but that he had, by daily prayer and meditation, at length attained to this mastery over himself. As soon as he rose in the morning, it was, throughout his whole life, his daily practice to retire for an hour to private prayer and meditation; this, he often told his friends, gave him spirit and vigour in the business of the day, and this he therefore commended as the best rule of life; for nothing, he knew, could support the soul in all distresses but a confidence in the Supreme Being, nor can a steady and rational magnanimity flow from any other source than a consciousness of the divine favour. to myself, but to the goodness of God. Such were the sentiments of Boerhaave, whose words we have added in the note.*. So far was this man from being made impious by philosophy, or vain by knowledge or by virtue, that he ascrib ed all his abilities to the bounty, and all his goodness to the grace of God. May his example extend its influence to his admirers and followers! May those who study his writings imitate his life! and those who endeavour after his knowledge aspire likewise to his piety! He married, September 17, 1710, Mary Drolenveaux, the only daughter of a burgomaster of Leyden, by whom he had Joanna Maria, who survives her father, and three other children who died in their infancy. The works of this great writer are so generally known and so highly esteemed, that though it may not be improper to enumerate them in the order of time in which they were published, it is wholly unnecessary to give any other account of them. He published in 1707, "Institutiones Medica," to which he added in 1709, "Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis." 1710, "Index stirpium in horto academico.” 1719, "De materia medica, et remediorum formulis liber;" and in 1727, a second edition. 1720, "Alter index stirpium," &c. adorned with plates, and containing twice the number of plants as the former. 1722, "Epistola ad cl. Ruischium, qua sententiam Malpighianam de glandulis defendit." 1724, "Atrocis nec prius descripti morbi historia illustrissimi baronis Wassenariæ." 1725, "Opera anatomica et chirurgica Andreæ Vesalii," with the life of Vesalius. 1728, "Altera atrocis rarissimique morbi marchionis de Sancto Albano historia." "Auctores de lue Aphrodisiaca, cum tractatu præfixo." 1731, "Aretæi Cappadocis, nova editio." 1732, "Elementa Chemiæ." "Doctrinam sacris literis Hebraice et Grece tradi tam, solam animæ salutarem et agnovit et sensit. Omni opportunitate profitebatur disciplinam, quam Jesus Christus ore et vita expressit, unice tranquillitatem dare menti. Semperque dixit amicis, pacem animi haud reHe asserted on all occasions the divine autho- periundam nisi in magno Mosis præcepto de sincero rity and sacred efficacy of the holy Scriptures; and amore Dei et hominis bene observato. Neque extra sacra maintained that they alone taught the way of sal- monumenta uspiam inveniri, quod mentem serenet. Deum pius adoravit, qui est. Intelligere de Deo, unice vation, and that they only could give peace of volebat id. quod Deus de se intelligit. Eo contentus ultra mind. The excellency of the Christian religion nihil requisivit, ne idololatria erraret. In voluntate Dei was the frequent subject of his conversation. A sic requiescebat, ut illius nullam omnino rationem indastrict obedience to the doctrine, and a diligent imi-gandam putaret. Hanc unice supremam omnium legem esse contendebat: deliberata constantia perfectissime tation of the example of our blessed Saviour, he colendam. De aliis et seipso sentiebat: ut quoties crimioften declared to be the foundation of true tran- nis reos ad poenas letales damnatos audiret, semper cogiquillity. He recommended to his friends a caretaret, sæpe diceret; 'quis dixerat an non me sint meliores? ful observation of the precept of Moses concernUtique, si ipse melior, id non mihi auctori tribuendum esse palam aio, confiteor; sed ita largienti Deo.'"-Orig. ing the love of God and man. He worshipped Edit. 1734, "Observata de argento vivo, ad Reg. | admiring the abilities, and reverencing the virtue Soc. et Acad. Scient." of the author.* These are the writings of the great Boerhaave, which have made all encomiums useless and vain, since no man can attentively peruse them without * Gent. Mag. 1739, vol. ix. p. 176.-N. BLAKE. the parliament; and thinking a bare declaration for right not all the duty of a good man, raised a troop of dragoons for his party, and appeared in the field with so much bravery, that he was in a short time advanced, without meeting any of those obstructions which he had encountered in the university. Ar a time when a nation is engaged in a war | compliance with those new ceremonies which he with an enemy whose insults, ravages, and bar-was then endeavouring to introduce. barities have long called for vengeance, an ac- When the civil war broke out, Blake, in concount of such English commanders as have me-formity with his avowed principles, declared for rited the acknowledgments of posterity, by extending the powers and raising the honour of their country, seems to be no improper entertainment for our readers. We shall therefore attempt a succinct narration of the life and actions of Admiral Blake, in which we have nothing farther in view than to do justice to his bravery and conduct, without intending any parallel between his achievements and those of our present admirals. ROBERT BLAKE was born at Bridgewater, in Somersetshire, in August, 1598, his father being a merchant of that place, who had acquired a considerable fortune by the Spanish trade. Of his earliest years we have no account, and therefore can amuse the reader with none of those prognostics of his future actions, so often met with in memoirs. In 1645, he was governor of Taunton, when the Lord Goring came before it with an army of 10,000 men. The town was ill fortified and unsupplied with almost every thing necessary for supporting a siege. The state of this garrison encouraged Colonel Windham, who was ac quainted with Blake, to propose a capitulation ; which was rejected by Blake with indignation and contempt: nor were either menaces or persuasion of any effect, for he maintained the. place under all its disadvantages, till the siege was turning thanks for their resolution to make no more addresses to the King. Yet was he so far from approving the death of Charles I. that he made no scruple of declaring, that he would venture his life to save him, as willingly as he had done to serve the parliament. In 1615, he entered into the university of Oxford, where he continued till 1623, though with-raised by the parliament's army. out being much countenanced or caressed by his He continued, on many other occasions, to superiors, for he was more than once disappointed give proofs of an insuperable courage, and a in his endeavours after academical preferments. It steadiness of resolution not to be shaken: and, is observable that Mr. Wood (in his Athenae Ox- as a proof of his firm adherence to the parliaonienses) ascribes the repulse he met with atment, joined with the borough of Taunton in reWadham College, where he was competitor for a fellowship, either to want of learning, or of stature. With regard to the first objection, the same writer had before informed us, that he was an early riser and studious, though he sometimes relieved his attention by the amusements of fowling and fishing. As it is highly probable that he did not want capacity, we may therefore conclude, upon this confession of his diligence, that he could not fail of being learned, at least in the degree requisite to the enjoyment of a fellowship; and may safely ascribe his disappointment to his want of stature, it being the custom of Sir Henry Savil, then warden of that college, to pay much regard to the outward appearance of those who solicited preferment in that society. So much do the greatest events owe sometimes to accident or folly! In February, 1648-9, he was made a commissioner of the navy, and appointed to serve on that element, for which he seems by nature to have been designed. He was soon afterwards sent in pursuit of Prince Rupert, whom he shut up in the harbour of Kingsale, in Ireland, for seve ral months, till want of provisions and despair of relief excited the prince to make a daring effort for his escape, by forcing through the parliament's fleet: this design he executed with his usual in trepidity, and succeeded in it, though with the loss of three ships. He was pursued by Blake to the coast of Portugal, where he was received into the Tagus, and treated with great distinction by the Portuguese. He afterwards retired to his native place, where "he lived," says Clarendon, "without any appearance of ambition to be a greater man than he was, but inveighed with great freedom against the license of the times, and power of the court." Blake coming to the mouth of that river, sent In 1640, he was chosen burgess for Bridge-to the King a messenger, to inform him, that the water by the Puritan party, to whom he had re- fleet in his port belonging to the public enemies of commended himself by the disapprobation of the commonwealth of England, he demanded bishop Laud's violence and severity, and his non-leave to fall upon it. This being refused, though This 'ife was first printed in the Gentleman's Maga. zine for the year 1740.-N. the refusal was in very soft terms, and accompa nied with declarations of esteem, and a present of provisions, so exasperated the admiral, that, |