by means of a stick;' मौर्येण लापयते ब्राह्मण: 'the Brahmana is de ceived by reason of his folly,' *--in the cau. is Atm. In the sense of 'deceiving'; ad चञ्श्चयते 'deceives Maņavaka' but अहिं वञ्चयति 'drives away a serpent.' †‘to speak' is Atm. in the following senses:-◄ (1) भासन or 'showing brightness (proficiency) in;' à à ‘is adept in the S'astra:' (2) or conciliating or coaxing' (generally prece led by उप); भृत्यानुपवदते सांत्वयतीत्यर्थः; (3) ज्ञान or knowledge,' शास्त्रे वदते ‘knows the Sastra;' (4) यत्न or effort, toil'; क्षेत्रे वदते 'labours in the field;' (5) faæfa or 'disagreement, quarrel' (generally preceded by वि in this sense) विवदन्ते; परस्परं विवदमानानां शास्त्रा of 'mutually conflicting S'ástras;' and(6) or 'coaxing, requesting;' att 394rà 'praises the donor,' &c.; with it is Atm, in the sense of distinct and loud speech' (as that of men gathered together ); संप्रवदन्ते ब्राह्मणाः 'the Brahmayas are speaking aloud together'; but संप्रवदन्ति पक्षिणः; वरतनु संप्रवदन्ति कुक्कुटा : 'oh beautiful one, the cocks are crowing;' with it is Atm. when used intransitively; अनुवदते कः कलापस्य the Katha Brahmana imitates (speaks on the side of) the Kalàpa Brahmana;' but h अनुवदति 'reproduces what is said;' अनुवदति वीणा 'the lute imitates the notes (indistinctly);' with f it is Atm. in the sense of 'disagreeing or disputing; विप्रवदन्ते वैद्या:; with अप it is Atm in the sense of 'reviling, reproaching, refusing', when the fruit of the action refers to the agent; अपवदते धनकामो अन्यार्य ' greedy of wealth reviles others unjustly ;' so न्यायमपवदते 'refuses justice;' but अपवद ● गृधिवच्योः प्रलम्भने | Pán. I. 3. 69. ↑ भासनोपसंभाषाज्ञानयत्नविमत्युपमन्त्रणेषु वदः । व्यक्तवाचां समुच्चारणे | अनोरकर्मकात् । विभाषा विप्रलापे । Pán. I. 3. 47-50. 28 s. G. agent); cf. fa 'reproaches' (when the result does not refer to the maraqlara, Manu. IV. 236.; when the fruit of the action is indicated as referring to the agent the Atm. is optional; अपवति ते वा (Sid. Kau. on Pan. I. 3. 77 ); वत् with उप in the sense of advising or speaking stealthily' when used transitively; शिष्यं उपवदते 'gives advise to his pupil;' परदारान् उपवदतं speaks stealthily with another's wife,' is both Par. and Atm. but with q is restricted to the Par ; प्रवहति. fa"-"to know' (2nd cl.) with is Atm, when used ntransitively in the sense of 'knowing of, being aware of,' and adds र् to व् optionally in the 3rd per plural; संविश्ते or संविद्रने ‘they know well; cf. के न संविद्रते वायोर्तेनाकाद्विर्यथा सखा Bh. VIII. 17. 'who do not know that the mountain Maináka is the friend of Váyu?; but संवित्तः सहयुध्वानौ तच्छक्ति खरदूषणौ Bhatt V. 37. as it is used transitively. It is also Atm, with in the sense of 'recognising'; as fa. विश् + — with नि is Atm निविशते; किष्किन्धार्टि न्यविशतः Bhatt. VIII. 143. Also when अभि is prefixed to नि; अभिनिविशते सन्मार्गे (Sid. Kau.) 'takes to a good path;' see Bh. VIII. 80. Smeaning to reproach or to abuse' takes the Atm. even when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent; शपते । Far-takes the Atm. in the sense of 'wishing to study'; नुषि शिक्षते 'wishes to study archery.' * विदिप्रच्छिस्वरतीनामुपसंख्यानम् Vartika; वेतेर्विभाषा Pán. VII. 1. 7. ↑ नविंश: Pan. I. 3. 17. 8 शप उपालम्भे Vàrtika. * 'to hear' with सम् is Atm. when used intransitively; संशृणुते thears well ;' संग़णुष्व कपे ( Bhat VIII. 1. ) Listen with heed oh monkey;' Cf. हितान्न यः संशृणुते स किंप्रभुः Kir. I. 5. but शब्दं संशृणोति, 'he hears the sound.' This root takes the Atm. in the Desiderative except whenअ or प्रति precedes it; शुश्रूषवे but आ-- प्रति — शुश्रूषति. स्था†—with सम्, अव, प्र and वि is Atm ; संतिष्ठते, मृदौ परिभवत्रासान्न dîagà (Mu. 1. 36.) fearing an outrage does not abide by one who. is mild;' see Mrch. 1. 36. (In the sense of 'standing still, &3. it is used in the Par. क्षणं न संविष्ठति जीवलोकः क्षयोदयाभ्य. परिवर्तमानः । Hariv. ); क्षणमप्यवतिष्ठते श्वसन् (जन्तुः ) if a being remains breathing though only for a moment ;' अनीत्वा पङ्गतां धूलिमुदकं नावतिष्ठते । Si. II. 34 प्रतिष्ठते; See Ragh. IV. 6.; Kum. III. 22. वितिष्ठते; पदैर्भुवं व्याप्य वितिष्ठनानं Sis. IV. 4.; with आ it is Atm, in the sense of laying down a proposition, asserting solemnly;' शब्द मिल्यं आतिष्ठते ' affirms that sound is eternal;' जलं विषं वा तव कारणादास्थास्ये ( Mah. Bhà.) for thy sake I will drink water or poison;' in the sense of 'observing' it takes the Par when used transitively; विधिनातिष्ठति 'observes the vow. Fris Atm. by itself in the sense of 'disclosing one's intention or abiding by' गोपी कृष्णाय तिष्ठते, आशयं प्रकाशयति इत्यर्थः । संacq xaiftg fagà π: Kir. III. 14. 'who when in doubt takes recourse to Karya and others (as the deciders of the matter in • अर्तिश्रदृशिभ्यश्वेति वक्तव्यम् | Vàrtika, + समवप्रविभ्यः स्थः । Pan. I. 3. 32 आङः प्रतिज्ञायामुपसंख्यानम् Vartika, प्रकाशनस्थेयाख्ययोश्च । उदोनूर्ध्वकर्मणि | Pan. I. 3. 28. 24. उपा मंत्रकरणे । Pan. I. 3. 25. ईंहायामेत्र | Vártika. उपाद्देवपूजासङ्गतिकरण मित्रकरणपविष्विति वाच्यम् । वा लिप्तायाम् Vartikas. अकर्मकाच | Pan. I. 3. 26. , hand). With it is Atm. except in the sense of "getting up or getting by right;' gigfas earnestly thinks of (aspires to) absolution; (See Kir, XI. 13. and Sis. XIV. 17 ); but q दुत्तिष्ठति; मामाच्छतमुत्तिष्ठति 'a frundred is yielded to him by a village (as tax, &c.).' with it is Atm. in the senses of:(1) 'worshipping with the recital of holy texts;" nemiag¶fa. 'worships the Agnîdhra fire with the recital of Vedic texts; ये सूर्यमुपतिष्ठन्तं मन्त्रैः Bh. VIII. 13., but भर्तारमुपतिष्ठति यौवनेन (or ufagafaga a Vop.), where the meaning is 'to approach for intercourse; to serve;' See Bhatt. V. 68.; (2) 'waiting apon worshipping (a divine being) sagaaga; (the Atm, use of the root in 'स्तुत्यं स्तुतिभिरर्थ्याभिरूपतस्थे सरस्वती' Rag- IV. 6. is to be explained, thinks Bhattoji Dikshita, by the fact that the king is supposed to be a divine being); (4) ‘uniting or joining; गङ्गा यमुनामुपतिष्ठते; ( 1 ) forming friendship with' रथिकानुपतिष्ठते, मित्रीकरोती त्यर्थः Sid. Kan.); and to lead to' पन्थाः स्रुघ्नं उपfaga 'this way leads to Sruglina.' When a desire to get something is implied स्था with उप takes either Pada; भिक्षुकः प्रभुमुपतिष्ठति 'a beggar waits on a lord, (with the desire of getting something) When it is used intransitively it takes the Atm.; faga 'comes at the dinner time.” स्मृ—– is Atm in the Desiderative; सुस्मृते. - is Par. in the causal स्रावयति. स्वृ — with सम् and आ is Atm ; संस्वरते 'roars so as to terrify' द्रुतं संस्वरिषीष्ठास्त्वं Bhatt. IX. 28. आस्करते 'utters a loud sound.’ *—with з when used intransitively or when it has a limb * आडो यमहनः | Pán. I. 9 28. of the body of the agent for its object is Atm.; kills or dashes down; स्वशिर आहवे ' strikes his own head; but परस्य शिर आहन्ति (Sid Kan.) ■ *—with 3⁄4 is Atm, in the senses of following the habits of, acquiring the natural quality of'; पैटकमश्वा अनुहरन्थे 'horses always follow the gait of their progenitors; so मातरं गावः अनुहरन्ते; in the senses of acquiring a new quality by imitation it takes the Par. पितरमनुहरति imitates his father.' ह्वे f-preceded by उप, नि, वि, and सम् and used intransitively is Atm, उप–नि - वि-सं-ह्वयते; with or it is Atm in the sense cf ‘challenging'; कृष्णश्चाणूरमाह्वयते ' Krshna challenges Chánura to battle;' आह्वत चेदिरान्मुरारि Sis. XX. 1; but पुत्रमाह्वयति. The following Kârikâs, extracted from the Akhyâtachandrikâ, are subjoined here, with some alterations here and there, as a help to the student in remembering much of what is given in the present chapter. ॥ आत्मनेपदपरस्त्रैपदविवेकवर्गः ॥ भावे कर्मणि सर्वस्माद्धातोः स्यादात्मनेपदम् ॥ नात्र संप्रवदन्ते संप्रहरन्ते निषेधवम् ॥ ३५ अन्योन्यस्य व्यतिलुनन्त्येषा दिङ् निपराद्विशेः ॥ ४ ॥ • हरतेर्गतिताच्छील्ये Varika, ters: Pân. I, 3, 31. |