§ 34. preceded by a word ending in any of the first four letters of a class and followed by a vowel, a semi-vowel, a nasal or is optionally changed into ; g. तद् + शिवः = तद् + शिवः, and तद् + for, and then +, and +, by the above, and finally, and af: that Siva ( see. a. § 27.) Similarly लच्मोकेन, तच्छ्लोकेन; but वाक्श्चोतति speech falters ( as is not followed by any of the letters given by the rule ).

§ 35. at the end of a word is changed into an Anuswàra when followed by a consonant; e. 9. हरिम् + वन्दे = हरि बन्द I salute Hari. But +T+7=Trà as is not at the end of a word. The word is an exception (see Pàn. VIII. 3. 25). (a) and

not at the end of a pada, are turned into an Anuswara when follwed by a consonant except a nasal or a semivowel or ; भाक्रम् + स्यते=भाक्रंस्यते he will overcome; यज्ञान् + सि= यशांसि (noni. pl. of fame); but he thinks, as is followed here by which is a semi-vowel ; प्रानान् + गच्छति = प्रामान्गच्छति as न is at the end of a pada.

=

(b) This change is optional in the case of when followed by comes after it; e.g. fan+efa-faumefa and fargezia what does he shake?; but if this be followed by, 7, and if by

,,, the nasalised,,, are optionally substituted for ; ९. 9. किं + हुते = किन्हुते or fहुते what does he conceal ? किम् + ह्यः =किलः and कियँह्यः what! yesterday ! 80 किंवलयति, किह्वलयति; किंहलादयति and विहलादयति; but अहम् आगतः = भहमागतः ।

Pán. VIII. 4. 63. 55.

+ मोऽनुस्वारः । नाप

VIII, 3, 36; I, 3, 19.

झलि | Pán VIII. 3, 28, 29, and Pán,

म्.

§ 36. An Annswára, followed by any consonant except छ्, प्, or is changed to the nasal of the class to which the following letter belongs necessarily when in the middle, and optionally when at the end of a word * ; e. 9. अन् श् + इतः = अं+क् + इतः = अंकितः by the preceding rule and then अङ्कितः ( marked ) by this; 80 अन्यू + इतः भञ्वितः honoured; कुण्ठितः obstructed; शान्तः calmed; गुम्फितः woven; त्वभ् + करोषि = स्वङ्गरोषि or त्वं करोषि thou doest; similarly संयन्ता or सय्यन्ता & restrainer; संवत्सरः, or सव्र्व्वत्सरः, . year; यं लोकम् or बल्लोकम् to which people.

37. It and t be followed by a sibilant, व् and टू respectively are suffixed to them optionally; and hard unaspirates are optionlly changed into hard aspirates when followed by a sibilant; प्राक् + षष्ठः=प्रादषष्ठः, प्राडूषष्ठ, प्रायषष्ठः; the sixth man gone before; लुगण् + षष्ठः = लुगण्षष्ठः सुगण्ट्षष्ठः, सुगण्डूषष्ठः the sixth good counter.

§ 38. If ड् or न् at the end af a word be followed by स ध् is optionally inserted between themt; eg षड् + सन्तः =षड्सन्तः or षड् +ध् + सन्तः= षडत्सन्तः six good men ( by § 28 ); 80 सन् + सः सन्तः or सन्स: that good man.

(a ) इ, न्, and न् at the end of a word and preceded by a short rowel double themselves when followed by a vowel ; eg प्रत्यङ्+ भात्मा=प्रत्यङ्कात्ना the individual soul;80 सुगण्णीशः the best reckoner; सन्नच्युतः good Achyuta.

§ 39. Ob. If the ending न् of a word be followed by शू, ज्ञ् is option

अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः | वा पदान्तस्य | Pàn. VIII. 4. 58-59. + ङ्गोः कुक्टुक शरि | Pán. VIII. 3. 28.

‡ 3: fa yz | 71 | Pân. VIII, 3. 22, 30.
१म्मो हस्वादचिङमुनित्यम् | Pau VIII. 3. 32,

e.

nally inserted between_them°; 9. सन् + शंभु = सन्भुः and सन्दर्शभुः S'ambhu existing for all times; and सन्दशंभुः सन् भुः and सन्न्छेनुः ( by § 34 ); then by § 29 न् being changed to म् सदभुः, सञ्वशंभुः and सञ्च्छंभुः; and finally by dropping च् optionally ( by § 19 ) सशंभुः, सशंभु, सञ्छंभुः and सञ्च्छंभुः.

8 40. न् coming after र् or ब् or ॠ short or long in the same word is changed to ण् even though a vowel, a semi-vowel except ऌ, a nasal, or a letter of the guttural or palatal class or comes between 1, ◄ or ऋ and न् +; 9. रामेन रामेण पूष् + ना = पूष्णा by the sun, पिटनाम &c.; but राम + नाम = राम नाम (as these are two separate words ) This change does not take place when is at the end of a word; रामान्.

$ 41. स् belonging to a substitute (आदेश) or a termination (प्रत्यय) and not at the end of a grammatical form is changed to when preब्

ceded by any vowel except a or, a semivowel, a letter of the guttural class or ह् | ; . 9. रामे + मु= रामेषु; but रामस्य as स् is preceded by अ. मुपी:, सुपिसौ &e, as स् belongs to the word मुपिस्. This change takes place even if an anuswa'ra substituted for, a vierga or, or स् intervene|; 9. धनून् + सि= धनूंषि nom. pl. or धनुस् neu. a bow. पिपीष् + सु = पिपीष्बु.

$ 41. The म् of सम् is changed to an Anuswárs and Visarga when followed by a form of the root; the Anuswára again is optionally changed to an Anunasika; eg सम् + कर्ता = संस्कर्ता and संस्कर्ता;

शि तुक् | Pân. VIII. 3. 31.

+ रथाभ्यां नो नः समानरंदे | अकुपानुम्व्यवायेपि | Pan VI11. 4. 1, 2. + पदान्तस्य न । Pán. VIII. 4. 37.

|| अवदान्तस्य मूर्धन्यः । इण्कोः | आदेश प्रत्यययोः । Pán. VIII. 3. 55, 57, 59. " नुम्बिसर्जनशिवायेपि | Pán. VIII. 3. 58.

स् is affixed to the ending of the words सन् पुम्, and कान्; * 80

संरस्कर्ता and संस्स्कर्ता.

N. B. The word

is capable of having 108 different forms,

as several sùtras are brought to bear upon it; but they are not given

here as being tedious and of no material value.

Sections a, b, c, d may be omitted by beginners.

(a) +The of q is optionally nasalised and has

suffixed to it

as above, when it is followed by a hard consonant, except a sibilant preceding a vowel, a semivowel, or हू; पुम् + कोकिलः पुम् + स् + कोPho:=ġenifano:, ģenia: a male kokila bird.; so gega: and स्पुत्रः the son, a grown up man; but पुंक्षीरम् milk for a man, पुंदास: man-servant. Exception the account of a man.

(b) न at the end of a ward (except प्रशान् ) followed by च् छ्; द or which is itself followed by a vowel, a semivowel, a nasal or हू undergoes the same changes §; s. g. शार्ङ्गिन् + छिन्द्वि = शार्ङ्गिन+ स्+ छिन्धि=शाङ्गिन् + श् + छिन्द्धि (by § 27, sec. a) = शार्ङ्गिछिन्द्रि and शाङ्गिभ्छिन्द्धि oh Krshna, cut off; similarly चक्रिन् + त्रायस्व = चक्रिस्नायस्व and चक्रिस्त्रायस्व; save, oh Krshna ; but हन्ति as the is not at the end of a word, a fine handle of a sword,

प्रशान्तनोति a good man spreads.

(c) The of
न् नॄन् when followed by

tionally; नॄन्+पाहि=नॄन्पाहि, तॄंःपाहि,

undergoes this change op

and हैं: पाहि.

(d) The of followed by also undergoes this change

+ पुमः खय्यम्परे Pan VIII. 3. 6 ख्याआदेशेन | Vart.

§| Pân, VIII. 3. 7.

optionally ; कान् + कोन् = कौस्कान्, कांस्कान् to whom म् or is substituted for the visarga when the following sets are combined: कः + कः=कस्कः, similarly कोतस्कुतः. where from, भ्रातुष्पुत्रः, सद्यस्कात्ल: the present time; सर्पिष्कुण्डिका a ghee-pot; धनुष्कपालम् a bowstaff. यजुष्पात्रर् a sacrificial vessel; अयस्कान्तः; a magnet. तमस्काण्डः great darkness; भवस्काण्डः; भास्करः; अहस्करः the sun.

§ 43. is necessarily inserted between and the preceding vowel, short or long; and optionally when a long vowel at the end of a word, except that of the particle T and the preposition precedes it°; e. g. f+gr=f&rester S'iva's shadow.; 90 स्वच्छाया, चेच्छिद्यते; what is cut again and again. लक्ष्मी + छाया = लक्ष्मोछाया or लक्ष्मीच्छाया, मा + छिरत् = मारिन् may be not cut. आ + छादयति=आच्छादयति covers.

VISARGASANDHI.

§ 44. at the end of a word followed by any letter or not, the of and followed by a hard consonant or by nothing, are changed to a Visara; as रामः पठति Rama reads. पितर् = पितः oh father, WT: a brother's daughter.

45. Visarga, followed by,,,, and,, themselves not followed by a sibilant, is changed to t; e. g. Progeni Vishgu, the protector; हरिश्वरति, Hari walks; रामष्टीकते Ráma goes; (Vide § 27.); but (as the is followed by Ḥ); annen:

: Indra the inciter &c.; and optionally when followed by, I or स्§; रामः स्थाता or रामस्स्थाता Rama who would stand.

• \ ▼ | Pân. VI. 1. 73. Properly a is inserted, but it is changed to च् by § 27. आङमा डोम | दी बीत् पदान्ताद्वा | Pán. VI. 1. 74-76. + वेसर्जनीयस्य सः । शरे विसर्जनीयः | Pan VIII. 3. 34-35.

§ ft | Pân. VIII, 3. 36.