Imatges de pàgina
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Note:-Terminations beginning with vowels may be called Vowel terminations; those beginning with consonants, Consonantal terminations.

Formation of the base of the roots of the first group:―

$ 887. अ ( शप् ) is added on to the roots of the First or भ्वादि class before the terminations. Before this a the penultimate short and the final vowel of a root take Guna substitute; e. g. बुध + ति= बुध + अ + ति = बोध् + अ + ति = बोधति; जि + ति = जि + अ + ति = जे + अ + ति + = जयति; &c.

$ 888. य ( इयत् ) is added on to the final of a root of the Fourth or fe class before the terminations; the radical vowel remains unchanged; eg क्रुप् + ति = कुप् +थ + ति= कुप्यति.

$ 389. अ is added on to the roots of the sixth or तुदादि class before which the penultimate vowel remains unchanged, and the final इ, उ, short or long, ऋ and ॠ are changed to इय्, उबू, रिय and इर् respectively; eg क्षिप् + ति=क्षिप्+अ+ति = क्षिपति; धु+ति =ध्रुव्+अ+ति= धुवति; रि + अ + तिरियति; सृ + अ + ते = म्रियते;

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$ 390. Roots of the tenth or चुरादि class + add अब before the

* कर्तरि शम् | दिवादिभ्यः श्यन् | तुदादिभ्यः श्यः | Pün. III. 1.68, 69, 77. Of about 2200 roots belonging to the Sanskṛt language nearly half (about 1079) belong to the first class.

+ Vide $ 23.

This class contains a few primitive verbs, almost all the roots belonging to it being derivative; besides, all Causals and some Nominal verbs may be regarded as belonging to this class.

personal terminations. Before (1) the penultimate short vowel (except 3) takes the Guna substitute, and the final vowel and the penultimate , not prosodially long, take their Vṛddhi substitute;

भू +

e.g. चुर् + ति=त्रुर् + अय + वि= चोर् + अय + वि = चोरयति; अय + वि= भौ + अय + विभाव् + अय् + ति = भावयति; वड् + अय + ति = वाड् + अय + ति = ताडयति ; but दण्ड् +अय + वि= दण्डयति, &c.

§ 391. (a) The preceding is lengthened before a conjugational termination beginning with a semivowel, a nasal or, झ or भ.

(b) The final is dropped before a terminations beginning with अ; नय + अन्ति = नयन्ति, &c

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392. The augment

This is replaced by

is prefixed to roots in this tense.

in the case of roots beginuing with a

rowelt; this आr forms Vrddhi with an initial vowel; eg . अ + ट्र

* अतो दीर्घे यत्रि | Pán. VII. 3. 101.

आडजादीनाम् | Pan, VI. 4. 102.

+ त्=अ + इव्+अ+त्=ऐखत्: similarly ईन्, ऐक्षत; उक्ष, औक्षत् ऊह, औहत; ऋच्छ्, आर्च्छत् &c.

(7) When a preposition (उपसर्ग ) is prefixed to a root the augment अ or आ comes between the prep. and the root; eg . ह

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