place-viz., Anthony Kitchin, alias Dunstan of Landaff.) "I was refused by all the bishops, excepting Kitchin of Landaff, whom Camden calls 'the calamity of his see.' The Commissioners proceeded to their deprivation; and they were accordingly displaced about July 1559, and by this means made obnoxious to the penalty of the law. For refusing the oath the first time was deprivation, the second time was a premunire (viz., forfeiture of goods and chattels, and imprisonment during the king's pleasure), the third refusal was high treason. Their fate was various, accordingly as they met with friends at court. Some lived under strict confinement, others were prisoners at large, and I find that three of them went abroad-viz., Scot, of Chester; Pates, of Worcester; and Godwell, of St Asaph. It was judged a necessary piece of policy not to proceed against them to the utmost severities of the Act, which would have exasperated a party whom they endeavoured to gain over to them by milder methods. Here follows the list of deprived bishops as given by Dod: Canterbury.... ...........Vacant by Cardinal Poole's death, succeeded to by Matthew Parker, Dec. 17, 1559. Edmund Bonner, deprived, succeeded by Edmund Grindal, Dec. 21, 1559. John White, succeeded by Robert Horn, Feb. 16, 1560. London ... Winchester Ely Thomas Thirlby, succeeded by Richard Exeter.. Norwich.... Lincoln. Thomas Watson, succeeded by Nicholas Covent. and Lich....Ralph Baynes, succeeded by Thomas Salisbury. Bentham, March 24, 1559. Vacant by Cardinal Peyto's death, succeeded by John Jewel, Jan. 21, 1559. Bathe and Wells..... Gilbert Bourn, succeeded by Gilbert Berkley, March 24, 1559. James Turberville, succeeded by William .Vacant by John Hopton's death, John Worcester. Richard Pates, succeeded by Edward Hereford... Chichester................... Rochester........ Oxford Gloucester........... Peterborough. Bristol..... Vacant by Robert Purfoy's death, John Vacant by John Christopherson's death, ..Vacant by Maurice Griffith's death, ... Vacant by James Brook's death, Richard David Poole, succeeded by Richard Vacant by John Holyman's death, Richard Cheney, April 19, 1562. St David's............Henry Morgan, succeeded by Thomas Landaff.... Bangor.... St Asaph's...... York......... Durham.... Young, Jan. 21, 1559. ANTHONY KITCHIN, 1559. Vacant by William Glyn's death, Rowland Merrick, Dec. 21, 1559. Thomas Godwell, succeeded by Richard Davies, May 21, 1561. Nicholas Heath, succeeded by Thomas Cuthbert Tunstall, succeeded by James Carlisle.. Chester..... Isle of Man Owen Oglethorp, succeeded by John Cuthbert Scot, succeeded by William Henry Man, succeeded by Thomas For the list of the inferior clergy who underwent the loss of their revenues, and all sorts of persecution and death, see page 318 of Dod's "Church History of England,” vol. ii., 1739. From these statistical accounts we turn to the particular histories of some of the holy men and women, who for conscience' sake were "afflicted and tormented, of whom the world was not worthy." They are given somewhat at random as regards dates, culled here and there from various accounts, during the time of Henry VIII., Elizabeth, Edward VI., James I., Charles I., and Cromwell, the last, but truly not the least, distinguished as a bloody persecutor. Intolerance of all religious differences was manifested alike under the monarchical and the republican forms of government; only by far the most wholesale butcheries occurred under the latter, when not a chance of reprieve, purchased at the cost of a betrayal of conscience, was offered to the unhappy children of the Roman communion in Ireland. Certainly, where such chance was given, it was an exception to the general rule. A few of these exceptional cases will be given at the end of this book, to show that the sufferers under Puritan intolerance died veritable martyrs for the faith they professed, and as such, rendered themselves worthy of our profound respect and imitation. In the first years of Charles II.'s reign, priesthunting was a favourite pursuit of the Puritans, who imported blood-hounds from America, and trained them to track the fugitives to the mountain caverns. "The Parliament party," writes Lord Clarendon (Hist. i., p. 215), "had grounded their own authority and strength upon such foundations as were inconsistent with any toleration of the Roman Catholic religion, and even with any humanity to the Irish nation, and more especially to those of the old native extraction; the whole race whereof they had upon the matter sworn to extirpate." On Cromwell's arrival in Ireland, 1649, he addressed his soldiers in Dublin, bidding them show no mercy to Roman Catholics, but that they should "be dealt with as the Canaanites in Joshua's time"-thus arrogating to himself and his party the authority of Almighty God the Creator, who saw fit to destroy a heathen people, steeped in the most foul and degrading wickedness, as He had a perfect right to destroy also the vile cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. In a letter of Cromwell's to the Parliament, addressed to the Hon. William Lenthall, the Speaker, September 17, 1649, he boasts that, in spite of the promised quarter, he himself gave orders that all should be put to the sword; and subsequently styles the atrocious and wholesale massacre he had sanctioned, "a righteous judgment of God upon the barbarous wretches; a great mercy vouchsafed to us; a great thing done, not by power or might, but by the Spirit of God!!" As to the priests who had escaped the general massacre, after the edict of expulsion was passed, some were shut up to die by slow degrees in loathsome dungeons, some tortured and banished, some sent to the West Indies and sold as slaves, and there condemned to work in twisting tobacco and other slave labours. Including laity, from fourteen to twenty thousand are computed to have been sold as slaves. But time would fail to give an adequate idea of all the atrocities committed under the cloak of religious zeal, and excused in terms of the most odious hypocrisy. Here follow examples of Protestant intolerance in the reigns of the before-named sovereigns; and the Puritan persecutions shall wind up the terrible story-the story of our breach of the "law of love," the very first principle of Christianity; our watchword and badge, as the faithful followers of "the Prince of Peace." In speaking of the judicial murder of Campion, Dr Lingard says "The use of torture was common to most of the European nations; in England it |