substance. At 250° it is decomposed without previous fusion. With bromine it gives a flocculent product, and with concentrated sulphuric acid it forms a sulpho-acid. ẞ-anthrol, C14H,OH, forms yellowish columns, and is rather more sparingly soluble in ether and alcohol than the a-anthrol. A solution of the compound, if heated in presence of air, is oxidised to a dark-green substance. The B-compound decomposes before it melts. With bromine it forms a bromine-product, and with sulphuric acid a sulpho-acid.

RECEIPTS FOR DYEING WITH NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ALIZARIN, PRINTING COLOURS WITH ARTIFICIAL ALIZARIN, CONTAINING 15 PER CENT. OF DRY COLOURING-MATTER.

Boil well, stir till cold, and add

487 grms. acetate of lime, at 16° B.
1000 grms. nitrate of alumina, at 15° B.
hyposulphite of lime, at 9° B.

1500

Rose is obtained by letting down 1 part of this colour with 2 to 3 parts of the thickening for reds.

In styles where a red ground is first printed on it, it must be steamed for an hour before printing the pattern, after which it is steamed for an hour, and aired for twenty-four hours. It is then passed through one or other of the following baths :—

The pieces are winced through at 122° to 144° Fahr., at such a speed that each remains in the bath from one to one and a-half minutes. They are then washed and cleared as follows

For 10 pieces of 50 metres

1st soaping 3 lbs. soap, lb. tin crystals, at 122° F., half-an-hour.

2nd

3rd

:

3 lbs. soap, at 167° F., half-an-hour.

3 lbs. soap, at 167° to 178° F., half-an-hour.

Wash between each soaping.

1000 parts nitrate of lead, 1000 parts alum, 2000 parts (by weight) water. Nitrate of alumina gives the reds a yellower tone

than does the acetate.

lime must be added.

When the former salt is used, more acetate of

Acetate of Alumina (Red Liquor).

15000 grms. hydrate of alumina (basic sulphate) are stirred into 6 litres acetic acid at 8° B., heated, filtered, and set at the strength required.

Hydrate of Alumina.

Dissolve 36 kilos. alum in 400 litres water, and precipitate, with a solution of 31 kilos. soda, in 400 litres of water. The precipitate is washed eight times by decantation, collected on a filter, and pressed. When a 15 per cent. alizarin paste is used, an addition of 30 per cent. of its weight of acetate of alumina, at 12° B., is generally requisite.

It is important to dissolve the hydrate of alumina in acetic acid always at one and the same temperature, 25° C., as the results cannot be otherwise constant.

Acetate of Lime Solution.

A solution at 16° B. contains 25 per cent. of acetate of lime. Well-washed alizarin-paste requires 15 per cent. of its weight of this solution. But for every fresh lot of alizarin the necessary quantity of acetate of lime should be experimentally determined.

The printed pieces are steamed for one to two hours at half an atmosphere, and then hung up for twenty-four to thirty-six hours. They are next passed, spread out in their full width, through the following mixture, in a cistern fitted with rollers, at the temperature of 122° to 144° F., for one and a half to two hours :

They are next washed and soaped, at 144° to 167° F., for half-anhour with 1500 grms. of soap per 10 pieces of 50 metres. After soaping, they are washed, dried, and finally slightly chlored, if needful.

An addition of arseniate of soda makes the violets much brighter. Before introducing the pieces into the steam-chest, they must be carefully and perfectly dried. The best results are obtained with very dry pieces and very moist steam.

Printing Colour for Browns.

6000 grms. alizarin, at 15 per cent.

10 litres thickening.

900 grms.

400

nitrate of alumina, at 18° B.

acetate of alumina, at 13° B.

400 red prussiate (previously dissolved in water).

500

To obtain a yellow shade, add 30 grms. bark liquor, at 20° B., per litre of colour.

To this brown colour any old spoiled red colours may be advantageously added, mixing with each 20 to 30 grms. of red prussiate of potash, dissolved in water, per litre.

Dyeing with Purpurin.

Purpurin dyes very readily, and without requiring the beck to be at a very high temperature.

Dyeing Cottons.

Goods mordanted for red, rose, and black, dye up very well, and a light soaping at 122° to 144° F. cleans the whites perfectly, and clears the colours sufficiently. The parts mordanted for purple dye up with the same ease, but the purples are greenish.

Purpurin is used for styles with white grounds, handkerchiefs, &c. It resists air and light well, but is not so permanent in boiling soap-becks. In such styles its use is very economical. One or 2 grms. give the fullest shades on a square metre or a handkerchief. A simple soaping renders the grounds perfectly white, and imparts the desired brilliance to the colours. Red and black handkerchiefs are preferably got up with purpurin, 2 grms. of which, with 5 grms. of sumach, dye a handkerchief perfectly the fullest red shade, whilst a single passage through bran after dyeing leaves the grounds perfectly white.

Woollens (Yarn or Pieces).

Wool dyes very well with purpurin. It is mordanted in the usual manner, with the addition of a little tannin for the red tones. The dyed goods require merely washing, and present then very brilliant shades, of a satisfactory permanence.