neuter terminations, when forming the last member of a compound adjective; and a neuter noun, the masculine and feminine.

a. When roots ending in á, such as pá, 'to drink' or 'to preserve,' are taken for the last member of compound words, they form their neuter like the neuter of siva; and for their masculine and feminine assume the memorial terminations regularly, rejecting, however, the final of the base in the Ac. pl. and remaining vowel-cases: thus, ¶ soma-pá, a drinker of Soma juice;' N. -, -, - पास्; Ac. - पां, पौ, पस्; I. -पा, पाभ्यां, &c. ; D. -पे, &c.

b. ETET háhá, ́a Gandharba,' assumes the terminations regularly throughout: thus, D. sing.. See 33.

d. jará, decay,' forms some of its cases from jaras, at 171.

109. To convince the student of the absolute necessity of studying the declension of this first class of nouns, he is recommended to turn back to rule 80. He will there find given, under twenty-eight heads, the most usual forms of nouns, substantive and adjective, which follow this declension. All the masculine and neuter substantives in this list are declined like siva, and all the feminine either like sivá or nadi. Again, all the adjectives in this list follow the same three examples for their three genders. Again, according to siva masc. and neut., and sivá fem., are declined all present participles (see 526, 527, 528); all passive past participles, which are the most common and useful of verbal derivatives (see 530); all future passive participles (see 568); all participles of the second future (see 578); many ordinals, like prathama (208). Lastly, according to nadí feminine, are also declined the feminines of innumerable adjectives, see 80. XIII. XIV; the feminines of active participles, like kṛitavat (553, and 140. a); the feminines of participles of the 2d preterite, like vividwas (see 554 and 168); the feminines of many ordinals, like chaturtha (209).

SECOND AND THIRD CLASSES OF NOUNS DECLINED.

Observe, that the declension of the 2d and 3d classes of nouns (see 81 and 82) is exhibited together, that their analogy may be more readily perceived.

2d class-Masculine, feminine, and neuter bases ini.

3d class-Masculine, feminine, and neuter bases in u.

Note, that the 2d class answers to Latin and Greek words like ignis, turris, ñóλıç, πίστις, mare, μέλι; and the 3d, to words like gradus, βότρυς, ἡδὺς, μέθυ.

110. (C) Masculine bases ini andu, declined like f agni, m. (ignis), ‘ fire,' and › bhánu, m., 'the sun.'

The final of the base is gunated in D. Ab. G. V. sing., N. pl.; lengthened in N. Ac. du., Ac. G. pl.; dropped in L. sing.; and assumes n in I. sing., G. pl.

112. Feminine bases in i andu, declined like fa mati, f., the mind,' and dhenu, f., a milch cow.'

The final of the base is gunated in D. Ab. G. V. sing., N. pl.; lengthened in N. Ac. du., Ac. G. pl. ; dropped in L. sing. (unless the termination be i); and assumes n in the G. pl.

matí
matí (au rejected)
matí

मतिभ्यां matibhyām
mati+bhyám

matibhyám

मतयस् matayas

mate+as. 36.

मतीस् matis

matí+s

मतिभिस् matibhis mati+bhis

मतिभ्यस् matibhyas

mati+bhyas

114. (D) Neuter bases in i andu, declined like afɩ vári, n., 'water' (Lat. mare, Greek idpás for idpi); and madhu, n., ‘honey' (μέθυ).

The final of the base assumes n before the vowel-terminations, and is lengthened

116. The declension of neuter nouns in i and u follows the analogy of nouns in in. Hence, vári serves also as the model for the neuters of adjectives and nouns of agency in in, like dhanin and kárin (159); and the neuters of nouns of agency in ṛi, like dátṛi, and nouns of relationship like mátṛi (130).

117. Although there are not many substantives declined like agni and vári (81), yet nouns like mati are numerous (81. V). Moreover, adjectives like śuchi, and compound adjectives ending in i, are declined like agni in the masc.; like mati in the fem.; and like vári in the neuter.

118. Again, although there are but few substantives declined like dhenu and madhu, yet it is important to study their declension, as well as that of the masc. noun bhánu; for all simple adjectives like tanu, and all like pipásu (82), and all other simple adjectives in u, and all compound adjectives ending in u, are declined like bhánu in the masc.; dhenu in the fem.; and madhu in the neut.

a. Many adjectives in u, however, either optionally or necessarily follow the declension of nadí in the fem.; as, tanu, thin,' makes its nom. fem. either tanus or tanwi; tender,' makes nom. f. mridwí: and some optionally lengthen the u in the feminine; as, bhíru, ‘timid,' makes fem. for ft, declinable like nouns in ú, 125.

119. When feminine nouns ending in i and u are taken to form the last member of a compound adjective, they must be declined like agni in the masc., and vári in the neut. Thus the compound adjective alpamati, 'narrow-minded,' in the acc. plur. masc. would be alpamatin; fem. alpamatís; neut. alpamatíni. The same holds good if a masc. or neut. noun be taken to form the last member of a compound.

or

a. Although adjectives in i and u are declined like vári and madhu for the neuter, yet in the D. Ab. G. L. sing., and in the G. L. du., they may optionally follow the masculine form: thus the adjectives suchi and tanu will be, in the D. sing. neut., शुचिने शुचये, तनुने or तनवे ; and so with the other cases. 120. There are some useful irregular nouns ini, declined as follows: सखि m. a friend:’ N. सखा, सखायौ, सखायस्; Ac. सखायं, सखायौ, सखीन् ; I. सख्या, सखिभ्यां, &c.; D. सख्ये, &c. ; Ab. सख्युस्, &c.; G. सख्युस्, सख्योस्, &c.; L. सख्यौ,

&c.;

V. ■, &c. In some cases it assumes the memorial terminations at 91 more regularly than agni.

121. पति m. a master,' 'lord' (óσis), when not used in a compound word, follows sakhi in I. D. Ab. G. L. sing. (thus, I. 4NT, D. Tà, Ab. G. чga); in the other cases, agni. But this word is generally found at the end of a compound, and then follows agni throughout (thus, by the lord of the earth').

122. A few neuter nouns, f n. 'a bone' (dσtéov), fa n.‘an eye' (oculus, dkós), सक्थि n. ‘a thigh,' दधि ‘a thigh,' ¿fu n. ‘ghee,' drop their final i in some of their cases, and are declined in those cases as if they were derived from obsolete forms in an; such as अस्थन्, &c. (compare 148 ) : thus, N. Ac. अस्थि, अस्थिनी, अस्थीनि ; I. अस्थ्ना, अस्थिभ्यां, &c.; D. अस्य्ने, &c.; Ab. अस्थ्नस्, &c.; G. अस्थ्नस्, wegią, vegi; L. weyfa or wefa, wegia, afery. अस्थ्नोस्, अस्थ्नां; अस्थ्नोस्, अस्थिषु

Hence, according to 58, fa akshi will make in I. sing. ; in D. Grau, &c.