has been known to excite violent vomiting. The conferve is the only officinal preparation of this fruit, which poffeffes any medical virtues, but is merely used by the apothecaries as a vehicle for other remedies. The Edinburgh college have omitted it. (4.) HIP. interje&. An exclamation, or calling to one; the fame as the Latin eho, heus! Ainsworth. (5.) HIP. HIPPISH. adj. A corruption of bypochondriack. Ainfworth. (6.) HIP, n. f. in architecture, the angle formed by two parts of the roof when it rifes outwards. HIPS are alfo thofe pieces of timber which are placed at the corners of a roof. They are much longer than rafters, on account of their oblique pofition. To HIP. v. a. [from hip.] To fprain or fhoot the hip. His horfe was bipp'd. Shak. HIPFORD, a town in Effex, NW. of Halfted. *HIP-HOP. A cant word formed by the reduplication of hop. Your different taftes divide our poets cares; One foot the fock, t'other the bufkin wears : Thus while he ftrives to please, he's forc'd to do't, Like Volfcius hip-hop in a single boot. Congreve. HIPPAGRETA. See CARTHAGE, § 6. HIPPARCHIA, a celebrated lady born at Maronea in Thrace, in the time of Alexander the Great. Her attachment to learning and philofophy was fo great, that, having attended the lectures of Crates the Cynic, fhe fell in love with him, and refolved to marry him, though he was both old and ugly, and though she was courted by many handfome young men, diftinguished by their rank and riches. Crates himself was prevailed upon by her friends, to try to diffuade her from her fingular choice, which he did by difplaying his poverty, his cloak, his bag, and his crooked back, but all in vain. At laft he told her, the could not be his wife, unless she refolved to live as he did. This the cheerfully agreed to, affumed the habit of the order, and accompanied him every where to public entertainments, &c which was not cuftomary with the Grecian ladies. She wrote feveral tragedies, Philofophical hypothefes, and Reafonings and Queflions proposed to Theodorus the Atheift: but none of her works are extant. (1.) HIPPARCHUS, an eminent aftronomer, born at Nice in Bithynia, who flourished between the 154th and 163d Ölympiads. His Commentary upon Aratus's Phenomena is ftill extant. Rohault is very much mistaken when he afferted, that this aftronomer was not acquainted with the particular motion of the fixed stars from W, to E., by which their longitude changes. By foretelling eclipfes, he taught mankind not to be frightened at them, and that even the gods were bound by laws. Pliny, who tells this, admires him for making a review of all the ftars; by which his defcendants would be enabled to discover whether they are born and die, whether they change their places, and whether they increase and decrease. (2.) HIPPARCHUS. See ATTICA, f 10. HIPPELAPHUS. See CERVUS, N° I. § vi. 3. HIPPIA, in botany; a genus of the polygamia neceffaria order, belonging to the syngenesia class of plants. The receptacle is naked; there is no HIPPIAS. See ATTICA, ro. (1.) HIPPO, the daughter of Chiron the centaur, who is faid to have been, like her father, a great aftronomer. (2, 3.) HIPPO, or HIPPON, in ancient geography, 2 towns on the coaft of Africa, now called Biferta and Bona. See BISERTA, No 3; and BoNA, N° 2, ra. HIPPOBOSCA, the HORSE FLY, in zoology: a genus of infects belonging to the order of dipteThe beak confifts of two valves, is cylindri cal, obtufe, and hanging; and the feet have feveral claws. There are 4 fpecies, diftinguifhed by their wings, &c. The most remarkable is the HIPPOBOSCA EQUINA, the pest of horses and cows. This infect is broad, flat, fhining, and as it were fcaly. Its head, thorax, and abdomen, are yellow, undulated with brown; and the legs are interfected with yellow and brown. The wings, croffed one over the other, exceed the length of the body by above one half; they are tranfparent, tinged with a little yellow towards their outward edge, and have a spot near that edge of a brown colour. Thefe infects are very difficult to be killed, on account of the hard cruftaceous fhell which covers them; and they fix so close and faft to the poor animals with their claws, that they cannot rub or bite them off without wounding themselves. See Plate CLXXXI. HIPPOCAMPUS. See SYNGNATHUS, $4. HIPPOCASTANUM, the common horse-chefnut. See scULUS, N° 1. It may be here added, that from feveral experiments in the French Memoires d' Agriculture, it appears, that the fruit of the horse-chefnut affords a wholefome nourishment for cattle, and may even be employed with fuccefs for fattening them. It is faid to render the tallow of thofe fattened with it particularly firm. The milk yielded by cows fed upon it, is alfo faid to be thicker and richer than that produced from any other food. The fruit of this tree has been likewife ufed as food for fheep and poultry, and as foap for washing. It was much employed in powder as a fternutatory by an itinerant oculift,, and has been recommended by some others in certain ftates of ophthalmia, headach, &c. in which errhines are indicated. Its effects as a fternutatory may alfo be obtained, by ufing it under the form of infufion or decoction drawn up into the noftrils. It is entirely with a view to its errhine power, that it has a place in the Pharmacopoeia of the Edinburgh college. The bark has indeed been recom❤ mended by fome as a cure for intermittent fevers; and it is probably with this intention that this part of the hippocastanum is introduced as an officinal article in the Pharmacopoeia Roffica. During the late scarcity of grain, fome attempts were made to obtain ftarch from the horse-chefnut, and not without fuccefs. (1.) HIPPOCENTAUR. n..['immonenlaugR; hippocentaure, French.] A fabulous monster, half horfe horfe and half man.-How are poetical fictions, how are bippocentaurs and chimeras to be imaged, which are things quite out of nature, and where of we can have no notion? Dryden. (2.) HIPPOCENTAURS, [from, a horfe, ZETE, I fpur, and ravg, a bull.] a people of Theffaly, inhabiting near mount Pelion, became thus denominated, because they were the first that taught the art of mounting on horfeback; which occafioned fome of their neighbours to imagine, that the horse and man were but one animal. The hippocentaurs should feem to have differed from the centaurs in this, that the latter only rode on bullocks, and the former on horses, as the names intimate. See CENTAUR, § 1, 3. (1.) * HIPPOCRAS. n. f. [hypocras, French; quafi vinum Hippocratis.] A medicated wine. Sack and the well-spic'd hippocras, the wine, Waffail the bowl, with ancient ribbands fine. King. (2.) HIPPOCRAS is compofed of wine, with fpices and other ingredients; and is much ufed in France, as a cordial after meals. There are various kinds of it, according to the kind of wine and other ingredients ufed: as awhite, red, claret, and ftrawberry hippocras; hippocras without wine; cyder hippocras, &c. The London Difpenfatory directs it to be made of cloves, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmegs, grofsly powdered, and infufed in canary with fugar; to this infufion may be added, milk, a lemon, and fome flips of rofemary, and the whole ftrained through flannel. It is recommended as a cordial, and in paralytic and ner. Vous cafes. HIPPOCRATEA, in botany; a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the tetrandia class of plants; and in the natural method ranking with thofe of which the order is doubtful. The calyx is quinquepartite; the petals 5, the capfules 3, and of an obcordate shape. (1.) HIPPOCRATES, the greateft phyfician of antiquity, was born in the island of Coos, in the 8oth Olympiad, and flourished during the Peloponnefian war. He was the first on record who laid down precepts concerning phyfic; and, according to his biographer Soranus, was defcended from Hercules and fculapius. He was firft a pupil of his father Heraclides, then of Herodicus, then of Gorgias of Leontium the orator, and, ac'cording to fome, of Democritus of Abdera. After being inftructed in phyfic and the liberal arts, and lofing his parents, he left Coos, and practifed phy. fic all over Greece; where he was fo much admired for his skill, that he was publicly fent for with Euryphon, a man fuperior to him in years, to Perdiccas king of Macedonia, who was then thought to be confumptive. But Hippocrates, as foon as he arrived, pronounced the difcafe to be entirely mental. For upon the death of his father Alexander, Perdiccas fell in love with Philas, his father's miftrefs; which Hippocrates difcerning by the great change her prefence always wrought upon him, a cure was foon effected. Being entreated by the people of Abdera to come and cure Democritus of a fuppofed madness, he went; but, upon his arrival, inftead of finding Demo critus mad, he pronounced all his fellow-citizens fo, and Democritus the only wife man among them. He heard many lectures, and learned much philofophy from him; which made Celfus and others imagine, that Hippocrates was the difciple of Democritus, though it is probable they never faw each other till this interview. Hippocrates had also public invitations to other countries. Thus, when a plague invaded the Illyrians and Pæonians, the kings of thofe countries begged him to come to their relief: he did not go: but learning from the meffengers the course of the winds there, he concluded that the diftemper would come to Athens; and, foretelling what would happen, applied himfelf to take care of the city and the ftudents. He was indeed fuch a lover of Greece, that when his fame had reached as far as Perfia, and Artaxerxes entreated him, with a promife of great rewards, to come to him, he refused to go. He alfo deli vered his own country from a war with the Athenians, that was juft ready to break out, by prevailing with the Theffalians to come to their affiftance, for which he received very grea: honours from the Coans. The Athenians alfo honoured him greatly; they admitted him next to Hercules in the Eleufinian ceremonies; gave him the freedom of the city; and voted a public maintenance for him and his family in the prytanæum at Athens, where none were maintained but such as had done fignal fervice to the ftate. He died among the Lariffæans, fome fay in his 90th year, fome in his 85th, others in his 104th, and fome in his 109th. The beft edition of his works is that of Foefius, in Greek and Latin. Hippocrates wrote in the Ionian dialect. His aphorifms, prognoftics, and all that he has written on the symptoms of diseases, juftly pafs for masterpieces. * (2.) HIPPOCRATES'S SLEEVE. n. f. A woollen bag, made by joining the two oppofite angles of a fquare piece of flannel, used to strain fyrups and decoctions for clarification. Quincy. HIPPOCRENE, in ancient geography, a fountain of mount Helicon, on the borders of Boeotia, facred to the Mufes. Ovid makes Hippocrene and Aganippe the fame. See AGANIPPE, and HELI CON. HIPPOCREPIS, COMMON HORSE-SHOE VETCH, in botany; a genus of the decandria order, belonging to the diadelphia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 32d order, Papilionacea. The legumen is compreffed and crooked, with many incifions on the interior future. There are 3 fpecies, two natives of the warm parts of Europe, and one of Britain. They are all low herbaceous trailing plants, with yellow flowers. They are propagated by feeds; but having no great beauty, are feldom kept in gardens. HIPPODAMIA, the daughter of Oenomaus, and wife of Pelops. See PELOPS. HIPPODROME, or ) [from 'izos, a horse, and HIPPODROMUS, go, a courfe, in an tiquity, a courfe wherein chariot and horfe races were performed, and horfes exercifed. See HaCATOMBEON. The Olympian hippodrome, or horfe-courfe, was a fpaee of ground 600 paces long, furrounded with a wall, near Ellis, on the banks of the Alpheus. It was uneven, and in fome degree irregular, on account of the fituation; in one part was a hill of a moderate height, and the circuit was adorned with temples, altars, and otber embellish HIP (297) embellishments. See STADIUM. There is a famous hippodrome at Conftantinople, which was begun by Alexander Severus, and finished by Conftantine. The circus, called by the Turks atmeican, is 400 paces long, and above 100 paces wide. At the entrance there is a pyramidal obelifk of granite in one piece, about 50 feet high, terminating in a point, and charged with hieroglyphics. The Greek and Latin infcriptions on its bafe fhow that it was erected by Theodofius; the machines that were employed to raise it are reprefented upon it in baffo relievo. There are fome veftiges in England of the hippodromus, in which the ancient inhabitants of that country performed their races; the most remarkable is that near Stonehenge, which is a long tract of ground, about 350 feet, or 200 Druid cubits wide, and more than a mile and three quarters, or 6000 Druid cubits, in length, inclofed quite round with a bank of earth, extending directly E. and W. The goal and career are at the eaft end. The goal is a high bank of earth, raised with a flope inwards, on which the judges are fuppofed to have fat. The metæ are two tu muli, or fmall barrows, at the weft end of the H I; P. 1. HIPPOMANE BIGLANDULOSA, with oblor & bay leaves, is a native of South America; and grows to as large a fize as the MANCINELLA, from which it differs moftly in the fhape of its leaves. 2. HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA, with oval fawed leaves, is a native of all the Weft India iflands. It hath a fmooth brownish bark; the trunk divides upward into many branches, garnished with oblong leaves about three inches long. The flowers come out in fhort fpikes at the end of the branches, but make no great appearance, and are fucceeded by fruit of the fame fhape and fize with a golden pippin. The tree grows to the fize of a large oak. Strangers are often tempted to eat the fruit of this fpecies; the confequences are, an inflammation of the mouth and throat, pains in the ftomach, &c. which are very dangerous unlefs remedies are speedily applied. The wood is much beefteemed for making cabinets, book-cafes, &c. bedurable, taking a fine polifh, and not ing very c ing liable to become worm-eaten: but as the trees abound with a milky cauftic juice, fires are made round their trunks, to burn out this juice; other-. wife thofe who fell courfe. Thefe hippodromes were called in the of lofing their fo the trees would be in danger language of the country rhidagua, the racer bedagar, and the carriage rheda, from the Britilh word rhedeg " to run. One of thefe hippodromes, about half a mile S. of Leicefter, retains evident traces of the old name rbedagua, in the corrupted one of Rawaikes. There is another, fays Dr Stukely, near Dorchefter; another on the banks of the Lowther, near Penrith in Cumberland; and another in the valley, juft without the town of Royfton. HIPPOGLOSSUS. See PLEURONECTES, $2. * HIPPOGRIFF. n.. [ and yev bippogriffe, French.] A winged horfe; a being imagined by Ariofto. He caught him up, and without wing Of hippogriff bore through the air fublime. Milt. HIPPOLYTE, in fabulous hiftory, a queen of the Amazons, who was conquered by Hercules, and married to Thefeus: by whom the bad by the juice flying in their eyes. This juice raifes blifters on the skin whereever it falls, turns linen black, and makes it fall out in holes. It is alfo dangerous to work the wood after it is fawn out; for if any of the fawduft happens to get into the eyes of the workmen, it caufes inflammation; to prevent which, they generally cover their faces with fine lawn during the time of working the wood. It is with the juice of this tree that the Indians poifon their arrows. 3. HIPPOMANE SPINOSA, with holly leaves, is a native of Campeachy, and feldom rifes above 20 feet high; the leaves greatly refemble thofe of the common holly, and are fet with fharp prickles at the end of each indenture. They are of a lucid green, and continue all the year. These plants being natives of very warm climates, cannot be preferved in this country without a ftove; nor can they by any means be made to rife above feet high, even with that affiftance. They are propagated by feeds; but mult have very little moifture, or they will certainly be killed by it.-Thefe trees have all a very poisonous quality, abounding with an acrid milky juice of a highly cauftic nature. HIPPOMANES, [from 'Ixos, a horfe, and HIPPOLYTUS, famous in fabulous hiftory for his virtue and his misfortune. His ftep-mother Phædra fell in love with him, and when he refufed to pollute his father's bed, fhe accufed him to Thefeus of offering violence to her perfon. Her accufation was readily believed, and Thefeus entreat-ana, madnefs.] a fort of poifon famous among ed Neptune to punish the incontinence of his fon. Hippolytus fled from the refentment of his father; and as he pursued his way along the fea-fhores, his horfes were fo frightened at the noife of feacalves which Neptune had purpofely fent there, that they ran among the rocks till his chariot was broken and his body torn to pieces. Temples were raised to his memory, particularly at Træzene, where he received divine honours. Diana is faid to have reftored him to life. HIPPOMANE, the MANCHINEEL TREE, a genus of the monadelphia order, belonging to the monocia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 38th order, Tricocca. The male has an amentum and bifid perianthium, without any la; the female perianthium is trifid; there is no corolla; the ftigma is tripartite; and the plum or cap. fule tricoccous. See Pi.CLXXXI. The fpecies are, VOL. XI. PART I. the ancients as an ingredient in amorous philters or love charms. Authors are not agreed about the nature of the hippomanes. Pliny defcribes it as a blackish caruncle found on the head of a new born colt; which the dam bites off and eats as foon as the is delivered. He adds, that if the be prevented herein by any one's cutting it off before, the will not take to nor bring up the young. Virgil, and after him Servius and Columella, defcribe it as a poisonous matter trickling from the pudendum of a mare when proud, or longing for the horfe. At the end of Mr Bayle's Dictionary is a very learned differtation on the hippomanes, and all its virtues real and pretended. HIPPOMENES. See ATALANTA, N° 2. HIPPONA, [from ios, a horfe.] or EPONA, in ancient mythology, the goddefs of horses. JuHIPPONAX venal. See EPONA, N° 2. |