I. THE DECAY OF THE OLD ORDER-

i. Feudalism in the Eighteenth Century

ii. Feudalism in the East: Poland

iii. Feudalism in the West: France

iv. The Persecution for Religion. The League

8

15

21

Germany

ii. William III. The British Army and Navy

iii. Civil Order. Prisons

PART II. COMMERCE.

III. THE GROWTH OF COMMERCE-

34

39

46

VII. THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION. FRANCE AND GERMANY 121

VIII. THE RIVALRY OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE-

i. The French Colonial Empire

ii. Britain and France in India

iii. The Seven Years' War

iv. The Seven Years' War in the West

v. The Seven Years' War in the East

vi. George III. Pitt and the End of the War

vii. Bute and the Treaty of Paris

156

157

161

PART III. THE REVOLT AGAINST AUTHORITY.

IX. AUTHORITY AND THE NEW THEORIES—

i. Liberty and Equality

ii. The New Rulers of Europe: Gustavus III.

of Sweden, 1771-92

iii. George III. and the Whig Politicians

iv. George III. and the Whig Historians

166

X. THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE WEST-

i. The American Colonies and Monopoly of

Trade

ii. Handwork gives way to Machinery

iii. The Population of the American Colonies

iv. The Emigration from Scotland

v. The Emigration from Ireland

vi. The Leaders and the War Cry .

vii. The American Colonies-Geographical

193

197

199

201

Position and Distribution of Population. 213

CHAP.

XI. THE QUARREL WITH THE AMERICAN COLONIES-

i. No Taxation without Representation

ii. Direct Taxation

PAGE

217

223

230

235

237

iii. Colonial Governments and Mob Law`

iv. Colonial Governments and Taxation

v. The British Parliament and Taxation

vi. The British Parliament and Customs Duties

vii. Smuggling and Monopoly of Trade

viii. Colonial Trade and Smuggling.

240

244

251

XIII. THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE EAST-

i. India, 1763–75. Military Action and Civil

Rule

267

ii. India, 1763–75. The Bengal Famine and

its Results .

274

iii. The Trade of the East India Company.

Finance

278

iv. The Events of 1773 ̊

284

XIV. THE AMERICAN WAR-

i. The Causes of Quarrel and the Theories

behind them

ii. George III., Lord North and the Whigs

iii. The Declaration of Independence. The

Rights of Man

iv. The Parliamentary Opposition and the War

v. The Physical Aspect of the War

vi. The War on the Continent

vii. The European Allies of the Colonists

viii. The War at Sea

ix. The Siege of Gibraltar

x. The First Armed Neutrality

xi. The Gordon Riots .

XV. THE NEW RULERS OF EUROPE-

i. Charles III. of Spain, 1759-88 .

ii. France before the Revolution. The Des-

truction of the Parlements

iii. William V. of Holland, 1766-95

iv. Joseph II. of Austria, 1765-90

v. The Netherlands and Hungary

vi. Louis XVI. of France, 1774-93

328

332

336

339

347

353

CHAP.

XVI. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION-

i. The Condition of the French People

ii. The Elements of Revolution

iii. The General Assembly

PAGE

359

364

366

iv. Fighting an Idea. The Views of the

Onlookers.

368

XVII. THE END OF THE CENTURY-

i. The European Continent. France and

Germany

ii. The British Islands. Revolution in

Industry and Agriculture

iii. The United States of America

iv. The New Colonies. Australasia

371

373

376

378

MATERIAL QUOTED

PAGE

213

Adams, John (1735-1826. Second President of_U.S.A.).
Works of, i, 23, from Social and Economic Forces in
American History
Address by American Congress to people of Great Britain 220
Aikin, John, M.D. (1747-1822. Practised medicine at
Yarmouth.) Annals of the Reign of King George III.
265, 266, 267

Allaire's Diary, see Draper, L. C.
Anti-Jacobin. From the (1798-1821).

Probably written

by George Canning, 1770-1807. Barrister and States

man

215

231

5, 6

Beaumanoir, Philippe de (1250-96. French Jurist). Les
Coutumes de Beauvoisie, edit. 1842
Blackstone, Sir William (1723-80). Commentaries on the
Laws of England, publ. 1765–9
3, 4, 6, 169, 170, 295
Broglie, J. Albert, Duc de (1821-1901). Frédéric et Maria
Thérésa, translated by Mrs. C. Hoey and J. Lillie, 1883. 10-13
Brougham, Henry Peter, Lord. (1778–1868, Lord Chancellor.)
Statesmen of the Time of George III.

176, 180

Burnet, Gilbert (1643-1715. Son of an Edinburgh lawyer.
Mother a Presbyterian. A strong politician and sup-
porter of William III. Bishop of Salisbury, 1689)
Butler, Samuel. Hudibras

Byron, John (1723-86. An officer in Anson's expedition,
afterwards Admiral and Governor of Newfoundland).
Narrative of the Wreck of the "Wager
Wager" on the Coast of
Patagonia

325

200

112, 113-115

Chesney, Alexander, Journal of. Ohio State Bulletin,

1921

214, 228

Child, Sir Josiah (1630-99. Son of a London_merchant.
Dealt in marine stores. Director of the East India
Company). Discourse of Trade, of the Navigation
Laws
55, 56, 107, 108, 109, 110

Consulato del Mare

Corbett, Julian S. The Seven Years' War
Coxe, William (1747-1828. Archdeacon of Wilts). Memoirs

of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, 1700-88.
2nd edit. 1815. History of the House of Austria, 1218-
1792, edit. 1807

Cunningham, William, D.D. (1849).
Industry and Commerce. 1822

77, 107, 197