Greece, the general safety of which seemed inseparably connected with the fortune of one state: for, soon after this miscarriage, the command of Greece was committed to other hands, and new leaders were appointed. These were worsted in a sea-engagement by au enemy who for. merly had been compelled to abandon that element. The barbarians pass over, without opposition, into Europe; the face of Greece is changed aud disfigured; its citizens carried into slavery, or subjected to tyrants at home. It becomes Greece to wear ensigns of mourning, and to pour forth her lamentations at this tomb. Here was her liberty interred with these victims. How unfortunate was she in losing them? How happy was the Persian monarch in having new leaders to contend with? Deprived of such friends, Greece had nothing left but the gloomy prospect of servitude; delivered from such enemies, the monarch of Persia saw his views of ambition open before him, and he was once more elevated with the proud hopes of executing his father's designs.

Nor, as citizens or as men, must we forget that band of patriots, who reviving our political constitution at the peril of their lives, re-established the democracy. Not compelled by law, but persuaded by reason, they marched forth into the Pireum, and maintaining the character of their ancestors, by preferring freedom and death, to life and slavery, they rendered the government, then engrossed by a few, a common good in which all the citizens were concerned. The injustice of their adversa`ries did not more excite their resentment, than their own wretched condition roused their indignation; and deprived of the first right of humanity, they determined to regain it, or to perish in the attempt. Virtuous oaths and engagements were their only allies, but added to their ancient and inveterate foes they had their fellow citizens to contend with. The sepulchres of the Lacedæmonians still remaining on the spot, are monuments of that victory, by which union and tranquillity were restored to a state, torn by seditions; by which a city, naked and defenceless, was fortified and secured; by which Athens, who had sunk into contempt, reassumed her former rank, and made good her former pretensions,

The same generous principles which had engaged the Athenians to undertake this expedition, still actuated

those who survived it.. Reinstated in the rank of citizens, their desires were gratified. They did not persecute their enemies with an unrelenting hatred, but, determined never to yield to the slavery to which these had basely submitted, they invited them to share the freedom which they themselves had so gloriously acquired.

The success of the present enterprize proves, that it was neither from their own misconduct, nor the valour `of their foes, that the past misfortunes of this state had proceeded. If, while divided by factions at home, and surrounded by dangers from abroad, they yet made their way into the bosom of their country, notwithstanding the opposition of the Peloponnesians: how weak must this opposition have proved had they been united among 'themselves? But their virtue surely deserves immortal bonour, and must excite the emulation of the brave in Fall succeeding ages.

Neither onght we to forget those strangers who fought in the cause of freedom, thinking virtue their native inheritance, and dying with so much glory, that they were lamented in public, buried at the expense of the state, and thought worthy to be afterwards distinguished with. honours till then reserved for the citizens.

The Athenians now buried, fell in a similar cause, but still more glorious. They perished for the liberties of those who hated them. They assisted the Corinthians, their inveterate foes, when abandoned by their ancient allies, and endangered in their freedom. While the Lacedæmonians envied the prosperity of their friends, these generous Athenians pitied the distress of their enemies, and even died to relieve them. Not regarding their ansient variance with Corinth, or the injuries received from that state, they took the field, in order that the Corinthians, instead of being subject to the yoke of Lacedæ. mon, might share in the liberties of Athens. To men actuated by so generous a motive, death was disarmed of all its terrors, dying or living their condition was worthy of envy. Early instructed in the glory of their ancestors, they shewed themselves determined, to maintain it; and repairing by their present valour, the effects of past miscarriages, and removing the danger at a distance from. their country, they died, as brave men ought, leaving trophies to the public, but woes to their kindret,. It be

comes us then to honour the dead, and to lament the living. For what pleasure, what consolation remains to them? They are deprived of those who loved them, but who, preferring virtue to every connexion, have left them fatherFess, widowed, and forlorn. Of all their relations, the children too young to feel their loss, are least to be lament ed; but most of all the parents, who are too old ever to forget it. They nourished and brought up children to be the comforts of their age, but of these, in the decline of life, they are deprived, and with them of all their hopes. What can be more miserable? Is not death only to be wished for? Their children, who formerly rendered them the objects of envy, now render them the objects of compassion. The height of their merit, in which they used to glory, now plunges them into deeper distress. What cir cumstances can put a period to their sorrows?-When the state is unfortunate; public calamities will be added fo private woes— --When the state is successful; others will enjoy the fruits of their children's virtues.-In private dangers, the friends of their prosperity will avoid sharing in their wretchedness; and their enemies, swollen with insolence, will triumph in their misfortunes. We shall best honour the dead, then, by extending our protection to the living. We must assist and defend their widows, protect and honour their parents, embrace and cherisht their orphans. Who deserve more honour than the dead? Who are entitled to more sympathy than their Kindred?

ALI. Invective of Marcus Emilius Lepidus against Sylla.

WHEN I reflect, Romans, upon that elemency and probity of yours which have exalted you to the highest pitch of greatness and renown, over the face of the whole world, and, at the same time, carry my views to the usurpation of Sylla, I am filled with the utmost dread and horror: for I am apprehensive that your backwardness to believe any one guilty of such crimes as you cannot think of without the highest abhorrence, will lead you unawares into a fatal snare (especially since he

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places all his confidence in treachery and dissimulation, and draws his whole security from a persuasion, that if your apprehensions of him fall short of the blackness of his designs, he may thence be enabled to reduce you to so low a condition, as to give up the defence of your liberty); or, if you should foresee the dangers that threaten you, I am afraid you will be more engaged in guarding against them, than in executing vengeance upon the authors of them.

Liberty; and

The instruments of his dominion are not only men of rank and figure, but such as have before them worthy' examples of illustrious ancestors to copy after :--and yet these very men are now purchasing the power of tyrannising over you, at the of their own expense choose those conditions upon injurious terms, rather than freedom under the best system of equal laws.-Amazing degeneracy and baseness!The illustrious offspring of the Emili, the Bruti, and the Lutatii, born to demolish the virtuous acquisitions of their brave ances tors! For what was their motive to take up arms against Pyrrhus, against Hannibal and Antiochus, but the defence of liberty, and the secure enjoyment of each Ro-" mau's property, and that the lays only, and not the will of any one man, might be the controller of our actions? But all these advantages this outrageous plun derer, this Romulus, detains as a prey taken from a foreign foe; and, unsatiated as he is with the destruction of so many armies, the slaughter of a consul and other commanders, who fell the victims of his triumphant arms, his successes add fuel to his rage,-contrary to other conquerors, whose prosperous fortune generally melts their fury into pity and compassion. And yet he stops not here: he has even decreed punishments to children yet unborn, whose unhappy lot it is, to have their misery fixed and determined before their birth. A singular instance of cruelty, not to be met with in any of the histories of mankind!-And this savage oppressor exults and rages hitherto with impunity; impunity de rived only from the enormous flagrancy of his crimes: whilst you are deterred from vindicating your liberty, by the impotent fear of adding to the weight of your bondage. But such apprehensions must not discourage Romans; you must rouse to action, and resist the

asurpation, or all you have will become the spoil of this oppressor-think not of delay,- -nor expect relief from prayers or wishes. But perhaps you flatter yourselves that now, at last, satiated with power, or ashamed of his tyranny, he will tamely resign what he has violently ravished from you.-Sylla resign!—that is too dangerous a step for him to take, who has proceeded so far as to esteem no measures glorious, but what conduce to his safety, and to account every action honourable, that can any way support his tyranny: from him, therefore, it is in vain to expect that sweet tranquillity and peace, which, when attended with liberty, many virtuous men prefer to the blaze of honours, acquired by a life of hurry and fatigue. Such is now your situation, my countrymen, that you must either resolve to hold the reigns of government, or submit to the yoke of slavery; -either awe and terrify your opposer, or be awed and terrified by him. What else remains-Is there any thing, human or divine, that has escaped his pollution?

The people of Rome, not long since lords of the world, now robbed of their authority, their dignity and juris. diction, reduced as they are to a state of insignificaney and contempt, are denied that small pittance of corn which is the usual allowance of slaves, Our numerous allies and friends of Latium are, by the tyranny of a single person, bereft of those privileges of Roman citizens which you thought fit to confer upon them, for their great services and brave exploits: and the minions of his power have seized, as the reward of their villainy, the paternal inheritances of the unoffending plebeians. Behold all law, all jurisdiction, the revenue, the provinces, and tributary kings, all brought under the sovereign arbitration of one man! Nay, even the life and death of every citizen are at his absolute disposal; and you have seen him offering human victims, and, at the tomb of his deceased friends, shedding the blood of Roman citizens.

Are you men ?What then remains but resolutely to, exterminate the tyranny, or bravely die in the virtuous attempt? since, by the decree of nature, all must die at last; nor can even bulwarks of iron secure us from the stroke of death; and none but a dastard, of the most effeminate spirit, would tamely yield to the extremity of