A History of English Phonemes: From Indo-European to Present-day English

accent apparently areas became become cause Chaucer Class clear coalesced consonants denotes dialects diphthongs discussed Dobson Dutch early East element eMoE Evidence explained final forms French fronting Germanic give Hence Humber i-mutation indicated Indo-European influence initial Instances introduced languages late later Latin lengthening long vowels medial Middle English Midland Modern English normal North Northern Note OFris Old English open syllables original palatal period phoneme position present preserved probably pronounced pronunciation raising referred reflected reflex remained result rimes says Scandinavian seems seen short vowels shortening side sometimes sound South spelling spelt spirant stages stress Swed symbol took variants various verbs voiced West words written Wyld