oversight, as shown in the abuses which hampered her progress, although it is painful reading, cannot safely be ignored. Then the particulars of the opening of the various Parishes possess an historical value, if none other. The visit of Bishop Inglis to Canada was a very important event. Its beginning and its ending were marked by an enthusiasm seldom witnessed in modern days. There were the acclamations of joy on the part of the populace, accompanied by the glitter of military ceremonial and the roar of artillery. And all along the line of his progress it was more like a march of triumph than an episcopal visitation. Equally interesting to churchmen should be the few particulars that survive of the lives of the early missionaries, the method of their appointment, and the sphere of their labours.

The sources of information for this sketch are the State Papers, Records of the War Office, Reports to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Private Diaries, Parish Registers, Family Records, and especially the Quebec Gazette, the Quebec Almanac, etc.

The thanks of the compiler are gratefully tendered to the many who have assisted him in his work; especially would he mention the name of Mrs. John Graham for kindly copying a number of papers now in the Canadian Archives at Ottawa.

ST. JAMES' RECTORY,

THREE RIVERS, August, 1893.

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN CANADA.

1759-1793.

CHAPTER I.

UNDER THE MILITARY RULE.

1759-1764.

BEFORE the conquest of the country, the Church of England had been entirely unrepresented in Canada.

The first Anglican clergymen in Canada sailed up the St. Lawrence in June, 1759, or accompanied the land forces under General Amherst, as chaplains of the British forces. These were: John Lloyd, 15th Regiment; John Bourne, 43rd; Robert McPherson, 78th; Richard Kendall, 63rd; Michael Houdin, 48th; Ralph Walsh 28th; Lewis Bruce, 47th; Thomas Gawton, W. Nicholson, Jackson, John Ogilvie, Michael Schlaetler, 60th; Edward Whitty, 35th; and Henry Walker, 58th.*

Only two names in this list are brought into prominence in connection with their duties as chaplains. Michael Houdin, we learn from the S. P. G. Record, (pp. 55, 136, 854, 855, 869) was formerly a Roman Catholic Priest, ordained by the Archbishop of Treves on Easter Day, 1730. Subsequently we find him Superior of a Recollet Convent in Canada. Becoming a convert to the Church of England, he was duly received into the Church at New York on Easter Day, 1747. After some years of probation, he was appointed in 1753 to the Missions of Trenton and Amhill in New Jersey. The Record says that "he acquitted himself well" in this field. When the reduction of Canada was decided upon, Mr. Houdin attached himself to the British forces as chaplain to the 48th Regiment, and he was not only present at the capture of Quebec, but he materially assisted the besieging army, as General Murray specially mentions. On the 23d of October, 1759, he wrote from Quebec, intreating that his absence from his Mission might not bring him under the Society's displeasure, as what he had done had been in obedience to Lord

*This information was kindly furnished by the authorities of the War Office.

Loudon and other succeeding commanders, who depended much on his being well acquainted with the country. After the reduction of Quebec, he asked leave to return to his Mission, but the Governor, General Murray, ordered him to stay, telling him "there was no other person to be depended upon for intelligence of the French proceedings, and that he would acquaint the Society therewith." "He had," he said, "received a great loss by the death of the brave General Wolfe, who promised to remember his labour and services," and that he hoped to return to his Mission in the spring of 1760. He was detained, however, by General Amherst in Canada far into 1761, when he was transferred to the Mission of the French Refugees at New Rochelle, near New York. When writing about M. Montgolfier in 1763, General Murray stated that this priest had "had the assurance to write to a Monsieur Houdin, at that time chaplain to His Majesty's 48th Regiment, formerly a Recollet in this country."* As the letter referred to is lost, we have no means of ascertaining the nature of this communication which disgusted General Murray by its arrogance. As M. Montgolfier was at the time seeking the Quebec mitre, and seemingly satisfied with his prospects, we may suppose that his letter to the refractory Franciscan was altogether of an admonitory nature. Mr. Houdin retained the charge of New Rochelle until his death, which occurred in 1766.

The other name in this list to which special attention is given is that of the distinguished Dr. Ogilvie, the friend of Bishop Inglis. He remained in Canada until 1764, and his labours at Quebec and Montreal will presently be brought before us.

The British fleet sailed into the basin off Quebec on June 26, 1759. Whether we regard the English forces as mustering for prayers on the war-ships, or on the Island of Orleans, or near Point Levis, the first Anglican services in the country began in the vicinity cf Quebec three months before the memorable battle of the Plains of Abraham, and the services thus begun have been continued without interruption to the present time.

Hawkins informs us that "The Rev. Mr. Brooke was the first clergyman who officiated in Quebec, although there is no record of his life or proceedings. He arrived, it is supposed, almost immediately after the Conquest. It was his wife who wrote the novel

*Kingsford's History of Canada, Vol. V., page 174.

called 'Emily Montague,' the scene of which is laid in Canada."* Dr. Brooke, however, informs us himself, in an early issue of the Quebec Gazette, that he had had regular services in the church. during the summer of 1760, before the capitulation of Montreal.† When he wrote the letter referred to, he was greatly pained at the neglected state of the children of both soldiers and citizens, and he informs us that, in connection with General Murray, he memorialized the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel on their behalf, a movement which resulted in the establishment of a school. Dr. Brooke forwarded to the Society a list of names of children requiring assistance, and having authority to say that "the Governor would promote the endowment and good working of the school or schools by his personal contribution, and his constant countenance, and the weight of his authority."

A school was accordingly established. A sergeant ‡, willing and competent for the place, was induced to accept the post of teacher, and he continued to act in that capacity for one year at least, at the salary of £30 per annum, with a dwelling house provided for his

own use.

We learn from the recently-published Digest of S. P. G. Records, that "the civil officers, merchants, and traders in Quebec," on behalf of all the "British Protestant inhabitants," appealed to the Society, in a letter dated August 29, 1761, in which the appointment of the Rev. John Brooke was solicited as missionary at Quebec. He had, the memorial states, "been personally known to many of them from the arrival of the Fleet and Army from Britain in 1757, and to all of them by their attendance on his ministry for more than a year past." And the petitioners promise to contribute to his support. General Murray thus refers to Dr. Brooke in his letter of Sep. 1st, 1761, in supporting the petition, which he did, he says, "in compliance with the unanimous request of the Protestants in his government," and "from a twenty years' knowledge of him and a particular attention to his conduct in the exercise of his functions for upwards of a year past." (S. P. G. Records, p. 137.)

In September, the British forces were increased by the arrival of the expedition despatched for the reduction of Canada. From the Province of New York, General Amherst, Commander-in-Chief,

* Annals of the Diocese of Quebec, by Ernest Hawkins, B.D., page 13. There is a copy of Emily Montague" in the library of the Quebec Lit, and Hist. Society.

+ Quebec Gazette, 13th Sept., 1764.

Sergeant Watts, S. P. G. Records, p. 137.

was to conduct an army of 12,000 against the French positions on Lake Champlain, and thence to the valley of the St. Lawrence, whilst General Prideaux and Sir William Johnson were to lead their expeditions especially against Fort Niagara. These forces proceeded towards Montreal and Quebec, the former city capitulating on the 8th of September, 1760.

Amherst's colonial forces were soon afterwards sent back to New England and New York, but Dr. John Ogilvie, chaplain of the 60th Regiment, accompanied the commander to Quebec. This estimable clergyman was born in the city of New York. Having graduated at Yale College, and completed a course of training which fitted him for the sacred calling, he was duly ordained in England, and sent by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel as a mis sionary to the Mohawk Indians at Fort Hunter in his native Province, in the year 1748. This mission had been opened by the S. P. G. as early as 1712, a church built, and the now historical communion plate, consisting of six pieces, all of massive silver, had been presented by Queen Anne for the sole use of "her Indian chapel of the Mohawks."* This plate and the fair linen which accompanied it were regarded by the Indians as the greatest of treasures. When Dr. Ogilvie arrived, he found that a Mohawk Sachem, known as "Good Old Abraham," had long acted as catechist to the tribe. During his ten years' sojourn at Fort Hunter, the Indians regularly attended the morning prayer which he read to them daily. In the year 1758, the Mohawks joined Amherst's expedition against Canada, and Dr. Ogilvie accompanied them as their chaplain. In this capacity he was present at the siege and capture of Fort Niagara in 1759. After the conquest of Canada, these Indians returned to the Mohawk Valley, where they remained until the close of the American war, when they finally emigrated to Canada, some to Lachine, others, in 1782, finding their way to the Bay of Quinté, and a favourable location a few miles from Newark, the present town of Niagara. Here they established themselves, built a village and a church. This structure Dr. John Stuart asserts was erected mostly at their own expense.

This event has not received the recognition it deserves, but there appears to be abundant evidence that whilst the English residents of Eastern Canada were complaining of the Government's remiss

Pascoe's Digest of S. P. G. Records, page 165.