ness in providing them with places for public worship, to the Mohawk warriors belongs the honor of erecting, mostly at their own expense, THE FIRST PROTESTANT CHURCH ERECTED IN CANADA AFTER THE CONQUEST.

Subsequently the Government purchased a tract of land on the Grand River, about ninety miles west of Niagara, to which the greater number of the Six Nations then in Canada repaired. The Mohawk church, which still stands near Brantford, was built by the Government in the year 1785. This structure, although contemporary with the church at Sorel, was the second Indian church erected in this country.*

Dr. Ogilvie says that during the campaign of 1759, the Mohawks attended the church services regularly. He was, he says, an eyewitness of many evidences of the humanizing and spiritualizing power of Christianity among the Mohawk warriors, such as "would have been a noble subject for the pen of one of the Jesuits cf Canada," and which he describes with great simplicity. It was indeed to the principles of truth thus faithfully given and received, that we must attribute the undeviating loyalty of the Mohawks to the British Crown-they alone, of all the Indian tribes, continuing steadfast. Dr. Ogilvie reminds us that Indians are shrewd observers, and that it did not escape their notice at Fort Niagara, that whilst the French had provided all the Indian nations from Canada to the Mississippi with priests and decent places of worship, the British Protestants presented a striking and shameful con"The Indians themselves," he says, "were not wanting in making pertinent reflections] on the inattention of Protestants on these points." Writing of the prospect of tranquillity after the capture of Quebec, he expressed his "deep thankfulness that there was no more leading into captivity, no more complaining in their streets, and his earnest desire was that "the Conquest might lead to the wider and more rapid spread of the knowledge of the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom He hath sent."§

trast.

At general Amherst's express command, Dr. Ogilvie assumed the charge of the congregation at Montreal during the winter of 1760. Subsequently he returned to Quebec where he remained

* A picture of this church is contained in the Canadian Church Magazine for January, 1892.

† Anderson's History of the Colonial Church, Vol. III., pp. 43:-2.

IS. P. G. Annual Report for 1761.

§ Hawkins' Annals of the Diocese of Quebec, p 283.

S. P. G. Record, p. 136.

until 1763, labouring in conjunction with Dr. Brooke. Not only did he faithfully attend to the duties devolving upon him as chaplain of his regiment, like reading publicly the daily offices of morning and evening prayer, but he also undertook some special French work in the neighbourhood of Quebec. He went among the French Canadians, mixing freely with them, and, we are expressly told, met with surprising success in this work, even establishing numerous congregations" among them and making many converts from the Church of Rome.*

Having laboured in this field for four years, Dr. Ogilvie, with his regiment, was transferred to Montreal. Here he was commissioned to officiate in the double capacity of chaplain of the forces, and first incumbent of the "Parish of Montreal." He says that "The British merchants with the garrison in Montreal made a considerable congregation, who assembled regularly for Divine Worship on Sundays and other Festivals ;" that from Nov. 1760 to July 1763 he baptized 100 children, and administered the Holy Communion to 30 or 40 persons at a time; and that they were obliged to use a Roman Catholic chapel for their services. The duties of his new post requiring all his attention, he was unable to prosecute the French work, so successfully carried on at Quebec. Eeing painfully impressed by the deplorable state of the people, he wrote to the Society on the subject, but owing probably to the low state of funds, the subject of French evangelization was deferred. Having laboured at Montreal for one year, in 1764 he returned to New York city, where he became one of the assistant ministers of Trinity Church. Here, as hitherto, success followed his ministrations. We are told that he was especially celebrated "for the power with which he secured the love and confidence of those who sought his counsel in private conference, and for the lucid and impressive manner in which he expounded the Scriptures in his public lectures." "He was still exercising, in the strength of matured manhood, the best energies of his mind, and might have thought that length of days was before him, when death arrested his career. A stroke of apoplexy fell upon him in the pulpit, just after he had recited the text of a sermon which he was about to preach; and the

S. P. G. Annual Report for 1783.

↑ Berrian's History of Trinity Church, pp. 132-4.

S. P. G. Records, p. 136

few brief days in which his spirit yet lingered within its shattered tabernacle were enough to prove his cheerful submission to the will of God.*"

He had been assistant-minister at Trinity Church for nine years, dying in 1774. It is of no little interest to Canadian churchmen that his fellow-labourer during those last blessed years of his life was none other than his dear friend, Charles Inglis, who was consecrated, a few years later, to the See of Nova Scotia, and became the first Colonial Bishop of the Church of England. Indeed it is to Dr. Inglis's address at the funeral of his friend that we are indebted for the closing particulars of Dr. Ogilvie's life.†

The Articles of Capitulation specify that, "The free exercise of the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman religion shall subsist entire, in such manner that all states and people of the towns and countryplaces, and distant posts, shall continue to assemble in the churches, and to frequent the Sacraments as heretofore, without being molested in any manner, directly or indirectly. These people shall be obliged, by the English Government, to pay to the priests the tithes and all the taxes they were used to pay under the Government of his most Christian Majesty."

The answer was, Granted, as to the free exercise of their religion. The obligation of paying the tithes to the priests will depend on the King's pleasure." The words at Montreal were [Article 27],"Accordé pour le Libre Exercise de leur Religion," and at Quebec [Article 6], "Libre exercise de la Religion Romaine Sauvegardes accordes." The Articles of Capitulation were drawn up in French only.

The various Roman Catholic churches in the towns of Quebec and Montreal appear to have been seized and at first utilized as receptacles for government stores. The Canadians, however, in accordance with the Articles of Capitulation, were permitted to hold their religious services in them, with this difference, that instead of worshipping in them as virtual owners, they were now permitted to enter them and make use of them on sufferance only.

Not long after the Conquest, there were a sufficient number of British residents at both Quebec and Montreal to constitute a Parish. Numbers of people are always found ready to follow in

* Anderson's History of the Colonial Church, Vol. III. page 600. † Anderson's History of the Colonial Church, Vol. III., page 600.

the wake of an army, and there was no exception to the rule in the case of the British invasion of Canada. At first, the number was small. Traders and adventurers were the first to come, and so rapidly did they increase that, in 1764, General Murray estimated their numbers as more than 1,400 66 strangers" in Quebec alone.* At the close of the Military Rule, in the year 1764, we find two Parishes virtually established. That of Quebec dating from 1760, and under the pastorate of Dr. Brooke, and that of Montreal dating from 1763, and under the incumbency of Dr. Ogilvie. The services at Quebec were held at the Recollet Church, and at Montreal at the Chapel of the Ursulines-limited, however, to one hour's duration every Sunday morning.†

* Kingsford's History of Canada, Vol. IV., page 413, note.

Additional Papers eoncerning Quebec, Dec., 9, 1775, P. 149.

CHAPTER II.

UNDER THE ROYAL PROCLAMATION.

1764–1774.

THE Treaty of Paris was signed on the 10th of February, 1763. By this instrument, "His most Christian Majesty and the Crown of France" renounced all pretentions to Canada, guaranteeing all rights to the same to the King and Crown of Great Britain. On the 7th of October, in the same year, a Royal Proclamation was issued, establishing Quebec as a British Province. The Proclamation, however, did not reach Quebec until the 10th of August, 1764. When it arrived, General Murray assumed the government, and the military rule, which had been followed since the Conquest, came to an end.

The clause referring to the Roman Catholic Church in Canada is contained in the 4th Article, and is as follows:

"His Britannic Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholic religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will consequently give the most effectual orders that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess their religion according to the rites of the Roman Church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit." The last clause of this Article was afterwards interpreted with respect to the religious orders of men, namely, the Jesuits and Recollets, that no novices should be received by them. They should continue to enjoy all the benefits of their property during the period of their lives; but, when the last survivor of each order died, the estates of these religious orders should pass to the Crown.

With regard to the privileges accorded to the British settlers, the Proclamation expressly declared, "That as soon as the state and circumstances of the said Colonies will admit thereof, they shall, with the advice and consent of the Members of our Council, summon and call General Assemblies within the said Governments respectively in such manner and form as is used and directed in those Colonies and Provinces in America which are under our immediate government; and we have also given power to the said governors, with the consent of our said Councils and Representatives of the people, so to be summoned as aforesaid, to make, constitute and ordain Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances for the public peace, welfare