ened form of the same root; from which comes Eng. plait; cf. L. amplecti and also flectere), ply (Fr. plier), pliant, pliable, apply and application (Fr. appliquer); complex, complexion, complicate, complicity, accomplice and accomplish (Fr. accomplir), duplex, duplicate, and duplicity; explicate and explicit; implicate, implicit and imply; reply and replication; simple (L. simplex = singulus plicare), double, triple, supple (lit. doubling under), suppliant, supplicate; play (referring to the ever-doubling movements of those engaged in sport or in enacting a drama) and display (Span. desplugar, Fr. deployer); deploy (Fr. deployer), employ (Fr. employer, Span. emplear, L. implicare), exploit (Fr. exploiter, M. L. explectare, from earlier form explicitare).

168. Plere, to fill (Sk. prî and pûr, to fill; piparmi and prinarmi, I fill up, cf. prâna-s, full; Lith. pilnas, full, Gr. πίμπλημι, 1 fill, stem πλε. Cf. πλέως and πλήρης, full, L. plenus, and Gr. πλOÛTоs, riches), plenary, plenipotentiary (+ potentia), complete, complement, deplete, implement, replete, supplement. Lat. plebes (the common people), Eng. plebeian, belongs here. Here, too, we must place L. plus, more (Sk. puru-sVedic, pulus, much, many, and Sk. pula-s, Gr. πoλús), plural, surplus. From populus (= plus reduplicated), come popular, populous, population, people (Fr. peuple), public (L. publicus for populicus), republic, publish, publican (in England, a hotel-keeper; in the scriptures, a tax-gatherer), populate and depopulate.

169. Ponere, posui, positum (for posnere, stem pos nasalized; Sk. pas, to make firm or sure), position, positive, post, posture, post-office (where the mail is placed), apposite, apposition, compound, compose, deponent, depose, deposit, depôt and depository, expound and expose, dispose and disposition, impound and impost, opponent, opposite, preposition, propose, purpose, repose, repository, suppose and supposititious.

170. Potare, to drink (Sk. pâ and pî, to drink; pibâmi, I drink; cf. L. bibere, to drink, and Eng. bib, bibber, and bibulous, Gr. πίνω, Aeol. πώνω, fut. πόσω, stem πο and πότης, a

1 The figure in this word is that of a rower drawing in his arms as he toils.

drinker. Cf. Lith. pota, tippling), potation, potion, pottage, (M. L. potagium, Fr. potage).

171. Potis, able (Sk. pati-s, a master, lord, or husband. Cf. L. suffix -pte, as in suopte, and also -pse, as in ipse = i(s) + pse. Gr. πόσις and also δέσποινα and δεσπότης, Eng. despot, Lith. pati-s, a husband). From potis with esse, to be, comes posse, and from posse, part. potens, come potent, impotent, potentate (M. L. potentatus), possible, power (Fr. pouvoir). From potis, with sedere, or possidere, lit. to sit by, be master of, come possess, prepossess, and dispossess.

172. Precari, to pray to or for (Sk. prachh, to ask. Cf. πрoloσeσdai), pray (Fr. prier), precarious (lit. needing to be prayed for), precatory, deprecate, imprecate.

The

173. Prae, prep. before, for prai; and also pro, orig. prod-, Sk. prati (Sk. pra, before, Lith. and pro. pra original adjective form pris, of which prior and primus are derivatives, is lost. Traces of it appear in the Gr. piv, before, and also in L. priscus, ancient, and pristinus, primitive. With the sup. primus, cf. Sk. prathama-s, and Lith. pirmas), prior, prime, primary, primate, primer, premier (Fr. premier, for L. primus), prince (L. princeps primum, sc. locum, capiens) and also principal and principle (L. principium).

174. Premere, pressum, to press (cf. Gr. πpiw and #piw, I grind between the teeth, and ρýðш, I drive out by blowing), press, compress, depress, express (lit. to squeeze out, as the juice of grapes. Cf. for sense, Germ. ausdrücken), impress, oppress, repress, suppress; print (L. imprimere, Fr. empreinde, part. empreint) and imprint, imprimatur (lit. let it be printed; like exequatur, let it be executed).

175. Prehendere, prehensum, and sycopated prendere, to seize or lay hold of (Gr. xavdávw, stem xad; Goth. hinthan, to seize, which agrees closely with the Latin; Eng. and Germ. hand; cf. also, Goth. bigitan, Ang. Sax. gitan, which corresponds more with the Gr., Eng. get), prehensile, apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, a prize (Fr. prendre, part. pris and prise), prison (Fr. do.), apprize (Fr. apprendre, part. appris), apprentice (Fr. apprenti), comprise, surprise.

176. Prope, near to, nigh (from same root as pro, before; Cf. Sk. prati, Gr. πpós, old form πротí, Aеоl. πроπí, just by). The comp. and sup. forms, derived from it, are propior, proximus. Proprius, one's own (lit. near by one; cf. for sense, possidere, which see, under potis) is from prope. From these words come Eng. proprietor, propriety, property, proper (L. proprius, Fr. propre), appropriate, propitious, propitiate, propinquity (L. propinquus), approach (L. appropinquare, Fr. approcher), proximity, approximate (L. proximus), proxy, reproach (Fr. reprocher, lit. to come back, near to. See Fr. proche, near to).

=

177. Puer, a boy (Gr. waîs, from which, or its derivatives, come pedagogue raidiov + ayw, lit. to lead a child; encyclopaedia raideía ev kúκλw; page, a boy, Gr. Taudiov, Fr. page; pedobaptism, etc. In the Spartan dialect, πaîs occurs as Toip. In old inscriptions it appears as por, as in Marcipor; like our English way of making surnames, as in Thomason, Jamieson, etc). From puer come puerile, puerperal (puer+parere), puberty (L. puber), pupa (L. pupus and pupa cont. from puberus, etc.), puppet, pup, and puppy (as being young), pupil (L. pupillus), bub and booby (Germ. bube), and babe, pusilanimous (L. do., lit. having the mind of a little boy).

178. Pungere, punctum, to prick or puncture, Gr. TεÚKη, the fir, viewed as being sharp-pointed; from which root come pike (Fr. pique), pique (Fr. piquer), picket (Fr. piquet), peek and pick (Germ. picken), pickle (cf. for form, tickle from tick, and tackle from tack), L. picea, Eng. pitch-pine, also, belongs here, and L. picare, to pitch, (and L. picra, bitter medicine, Gr. Tupós, bitter, as bitter in Eng. comes from verb bite). From pungere comes pungent, poignant (Fr. poindre, part. poignant), poniard (Fr. poignard), compunction, punctuate, punctual, punctilious, point (L. punctum, Fr. point), appoint (M. L. appunctare and appointare), disappoint.

179. Purus, clean, undefiled (Sk. pû, to purify; Gr. πûp, fire, Germ. feuer, Eng. fire), pure, purify, purge (L. purgare purum + agere), purgatory, expurgated, impurity, spurious (L. spurius se, insep. prep. without, and purus, pure. Cf. serious ridere, and sober se + ebrius).

=

se

180. Putare, to clear up, arrange, reckon, etc. (Sk. budh and bundh, to know, Gr. Tuvdávoμai, stem ʊ, I search into, or out), compute, depute, dispute, impule, reputation, count (Fr. compter, L. computare), account (formerly written ar compt).

181. Quaerere (for quaesere), quaesitum, to seek (Sk. chesth, to go about), query, question, acquisition, conquer (Fr. conquerir = cum armis quaerere), exquisite (lit. sought out from among other things. Cf. for sense, egregious e grege), inquire, inquest, inquisitive, perquisite, require, request, requisition, prerequisite, curious (L. curiosus. Cf. for form, cujus, with its nominative from quis).

=

182. Quatuor four (Sk. chatur and chatvâra-s; Lith. keturi ; Gr. τέσσαρες, Archaic πέσσυρες and πίσυρες, with which cf. Celtic petor. For the interchangeableness of gutturals and labials, as in quatuor and τέσσαρες, for πέσσαρες, now apparently quite unrelated, cf. also Gr. Tévτe, five, and L. quinque, and also Gr. πως and πότε, Ionic κὣς and κότε, Sk. kati and kadâ. See also Gr. ππos, Aeol. Kкos (L. equus), quart (L. quartus), quadrant, quadrature, quadruped (+pes, pedis). quadruple (+plicare, to fold), square (L. quadrare, Ital. squadrare, Fr. equarrir and carrer), squadron (L. quadratus, Ital. squadrone).

ARTICLE VI.

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

LETTER FROM REV. B. SCHNEIDER, AINTAB, SYRIA, MARCH 26, 1862.

IN passing through Oorfa, supposed to be the ancient Ur of the Chaldees, we examined some excavations in the environs of the city. These were evidently tombs, and apparently family tombs. They are exceedingly numerous; the high rocks, surrounding the city to the west and south, being full of them. They all have the same general form and size, and are always in the side of a hill, and the excavation is made horizontally, so that by stooping a little at the entrance you can walk right into them. On your entrance you find a room some twelve or fifteen feet long and nearly as wide, and perhaps eight feet high; and at the right and left side and at the further end there are niches in the wall, just large enough to receive a full-grown human body. The generality of them have only these three receptacles for the dead, but occasionally there were side rooms, entered from the central one, of the same form and size, in each of which there were again three such niches or sarcophagi. In two or three there were images carved over these niches. In one it was the image of a Roman warrior, in a reclining position, with a female standing at his feet. Both figures were in a tolerably good state of preservation. In a second were two similar images, though not very distinct; and in a third, two angelic figures and one of an eagle. In a fourth there was an inscription over one of the niches, in rather large characters. A copy of it was once sent to Dr. Robinson by the Rev. Mr. White; but it could not be deciphered.

That these excavations were tombs, scems not only probable from their form, but is positively proved by our observations. One of them had been opened quite recently, and we found the remains of human bones still in the niches. We handled parts of the skull and other portions of the human frame, and found also small pieces of glass. These we conjectured to have been pieces of the tear bottles, often deposited with the dead in ancient times. I have seen a perfect one of these bottles, taken from a similar tomb on the banks of the Euphrates; and, again, in the island of Cyprus I once had some beautiful ones shown me, made from translucent marble.

One feature of these tombs interested us particularly. It was a semicircular groove outside of the entrance to the left, and of such a size as to receive a large round stone, which was evidently used to close the entrance. Whenever the tomb was to be opened, this stone was rolled to the left into this groove, especially made for its reception; and when it was closed again, it was rolled back before the entrance or door. At one of them, brought to view by removal of the earth only a few days before our examination, we found the stone actually standing before the entrance, so as to preclude our ingress. It was of the size and thickness of a common mill-stone, large and heavy, standing perpendicularly right in front.