Coal on against Austria.-V. Events of 1742-3.-VI. Events of 1744.-VII. Events of 1745
-VIII. Invasion of England by the Young Pretender.-IX. Events in America.-X. 1716 7

-XI. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748.

Page 418-423.

The Seven Years' War: 1756-1763.-I. Eight years of peace.-11. Causes of another war.

-III. Beginning of hostilities in America.-IV. European Alliances.--V. First Campaign

of Frederick, 1756.--VI. 1757.—VII. 1759.—VIII. 1759.—IX. 1760.-X. 1761.-XI. Peaco

of 1763.-XII. Military character of Frederick.......

Page 423-433.

State of Europe. The American Revolution.-I. General peace in Europe.-II. France.--

III. Russia.--IV. Dismemberment of Poland.-V. State of parties in England.-VI. American

Taxation. --VII. Opening of the war with the Colonies.-VIII. European relations with

England.-IX. Alliance between France and the American States.-X. War between France

and England.-Xi. War between Spain and England.--XII. Armed Neutrality against Eng

land.-XIII. Rupture between England and Holland.--XIV. War in the East Indies.-XV.

Treaty of 1782-XVI. General Treaty of 1783..........

Page 433--445

The French Revolution: 1789-1800.-I. Democratic spirit.-II. Louis XVI.--II. Financia
lifficulties.-IV. The States-General.-V. Revolutionary state of Paris.-VI. Great political

changes. VII. Famine and mobs.--VIII. New Constitution.-IX. Marshalling of parties.-

X. The Emigrant Nobility.-XI. Attempted escape of the Royal Family.-XII. War de-

clared against Austria.-XIII. Massacre of the 10th of August.-XIV. Massacre of Sep-

tember.-XV. Trial and execution of Louis XVI-XVI. Fall of the Girondists-XVII.

The Reign of Terror.-XVIII Triumph of Infidelity.-XIX. Fall of the Dantonists-XX.

War against Europe.-XXI. Insurrection of La Vendee.-XXII. Insurrection in the south

of France.-XXIII. Fall of Robespierre, and end of the reign of Terror.--XXIV. The Eng-

lish victorious at sea, and the French on land.-XXV. Second partition of Poland.-XXVI.

Third partition of Poland -1795. XXVII. Dissolution of the coalition against France.-

XXVIII. New Constitution.-XXIX. Insurrection in Paris.-1796. XXX. invasion of Ger-

many.-XXXI. The Army of Italy.-XXXII. Disturbances in England.-1797. XXXIII.

Napoleon's Austrian Campaign.--XXXIV. Treaty of Campo Formio.-XXXV. Establish

ment of Military Despotism in France-1798. XXXVI. Preparations for the invasion of

England.-XXXVII. Expedition to Egypt.-XXXVIII. Battle of the Pyramids -XXXIX.

Battle of the Nile.-1799. XL. Syrian Expedition.-XLI. Siege of Acre.-XLII. Battle of

Mount Tabor.-XLIII. Battle of Aboukir.-XLIV. Overthrow of the Directory.-XLV. Na-

poleon First Consul...

Page 445-475.

CHAPTER VI.

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

SECTION 1.-THE WARS OF NAPOLEON: 1800-1815.

I. Events of the year 1800. War with Austria.-II Events of 1801.-III. Events of 1802, the year

of peace.-IV. Renewal of the war, 1803.-V. Events of 1804. Napoleon Emperor.-VI. 1805,

Coalition against France. Battle of Austerlitz.-VII. 1806, Louis Napoleon king of Holland.

Confederation of the Rhine. Battles of Jena and Auerstadt.-VIII. 1807, Treaty of Tilsit.—

IX. 1808, Events in Spain. Beginning of the Peninsular War.-X. 1809, War with Austria.

Battle of Wagram. Napoleon's divorce from Josephine.-XI. 1810, Busaco and Torres

Vedras.-XII. 1811, Badajoz and Albuera.-XIII. 1912, Russian Campaign. Smolensko-

Borodino - Moscow. American War.-XIV. 1813, General coalition against Napoleon.

Lutzen-Bautzen-Leipsic.-XV. 1814, Capitulation of Paris. Abdication of Napoleon.-

XVI. 1815, Napoleon's return from Elba. Battle of Waterloo.....

Page 475--503

SECTION II.-FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON TO THE PRESENT TIME.

The Period of Peace: 1815-1820.-1. Treaties of 1815.-II. England.-III. France...

Page 50-512.

2. Revolutions in Spain, Portugal, Naples, Piedmont, Greece, France, Belgium, and Po

land: 1820-1831..

Page 512-559,

English Reforms. French Revolution of 1848. Revolution in the German States, Prussia,

and Austria. Revolution in Italy. Hungarian War. Usurpation of Louis Napoleon

.831-1852...

Page 510-562.

GENERAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL VIEWS, ILLUSTRATED

NOTE. For the "Irdex to the Geographical and Historical Notes" see end of the volume.

I Scriptural account of the Creation.-II. Geological History of the Earth.-III. Unity of he
Human Race.-IV. Institution of a Sabbath.-V. The Origin of Discord.-VI. Coincidences
between Sacred and Profane History.-VII. Traditions of the Deluge.- VIII. Ancient
Chronology..
Page 601-625.

CHAPTER II.

EARLY EGYPTIAN, ASSYRIAN, AND BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION.
Exclusive policy of the Early Egyptians.-II. Character of the testimony of Herodotus.-III.
The three great Egyptian dynasties.-IV. Egyptian History from Menes to Joseph.-V.
Egyptian Hieroglyphics.-VI. The Early Inhabitants of Egypt.-VII. Dwellings and Public
Edifices of the Egyptians.-VIII. Egyptian Sculptures and Paintings.-IX. Astronomical
Knowledge.-X. Mechanical Science.-XI. Art of Weaving. -XII. Working of Metals.—XIII.
Science of Medicine,-XIV. Literary attainments.-XV. Division into Castes.-XVI. Re-
ligion.--XVII. Materials of Assyrian History.-XVIII. Assyrian Civilization, Page 6:25-648.

CHAPTER III.

CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF CIVILIZATION DURING THE FABULOUS

PERIOD OF GRECIAN HISTORY,

Grecian Mythology.-II. Legends of the Heroic Age.-III. Early Grecian Chronology.- IV.
Interpretation of the Grecian Fables.-V. Religion of the Early Greeks.-VI. Belief in a
Future State.-VII. Grecian form of Government.--VIII. Geographical Knowledge.-IX.
Astronomy and Commerce.-X. Dwellings and occupations of the people.-XI. Manners,
XII. Domestic Relations.--Xlil. The Israelites...

CHAPTER IV.

Page 648-666.

CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF CIVILIZATION DURING THE UNCERTAIN

PERIOD OF GRECIAN HISTORY.

Changes in Grecian Politics.-II. National Councils.-III. Public Festivals.-IV. Grecian

Coonization.-V Progress of Arts and Literature.-VI. The Eleusinian Mysteries....

CHAPTER V.

THE GLORY AND THE FALL OF GREECE.

Page 656-689,

Closing Period of Grecian History.-II. The Persian Wars.-III. Battle of Platea.-IV. [x-
portance of the Persian overthrow.-V. The Age of Pericles.-VI. Full development of the
democratic character of Grecian Institutions.-VII. Cultivation of Rhetoric and Oratory.--
VIII. Historians, poets, and orators.-IX. The Drama.-X. Causes of the downfall of
Athens....
Page 689-718

CHAPTER VI.

THE FIRST PERIOD OF ROMAN HISTORY: FROM THE FOUNDING OF ROME
TO THE CONQUESTS OF GREECE AND CARTHAGE.

Authenticity of Early Roman History -II. History of Regal Rome.-III. Results of Criticism.
-IV. Constitutional History of Early Roine.-V. Plebeian and Patrician contests.-VI. Re
ligious Notions of the Roinans.-VII. Mode of Living, Social Condition, &c., under the
Kings....
Page 710-727

CHAPTER VII.

THE SECOND PERIOD OF ROMAN HISTORY: EXTENDING FROM THE CONQUESTS OF
GREECE AND CARTHAGE TO THE CHRISTIAN ERA.

L Political character of the closing period of the Republic.-II. Moral and Social Condition of

the peoplo.-11. Roman Literature.-IV. The Arts.-V. The Historical Prophecies

CHAPTER VIII.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE.

Page 727-740

Power and Majesty of Rome and her Cæsars-II. Foreign Policy.-III. Internal condition
of the Roman World in the Age of the Antonines.-IV. The slaves of the Romans.-V. Ro
man citizens.--VI. Taxation.-VII. The Roman Army.-VIII. Religion of the Romans
during the Empire.-IX. Social Morality of the Romans.-X. Outward appearances of
general prosperity in the Age of the Antonines.-XI. The Silver Age of Roman Literature.
-XII. Greek Literature during the Silver Age.-XIII. Roman History after the Age of the
Antonines.-XIV. Increasing causes of decline...
Page 740-764.

CHAPTER IX.

THE MIDDLE AGES

Unity of character in ancient civilization.-GREAT DIVERSITY OF THE ELEMENTS OF MODERN

CIVILIZATION.—1. Elementary principles derived from the Roman Empire.-II. The Chris

tian Church.-111. The Barbarian World.-IV. Unsettled condition of individuals.-V. Of

Governments and States.-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS ARISING OUT OF THE ELEMENTS ENUMER-

ATED.- Impulses towards an escape from barbarisin.-11. Influences of the Church.--III,

The two-fold influences of Feudalisin -IV. General insurrection of the cities.-V. Effects

of their enfranchisement.-VI. Effects of the Crusades.—ATTEMPTS AT CENTRALIZATION

OF POWER.-1. Attempt at Theocratic organization.-Ii. Attempts at Democratic organiza-

tion.-III. Attempts at a union of the various elements of society.-IV. Successful attempts

et Monarchical organization.-V Moral and intellectual changes in the fifteenth century.--

VL Revival of Literature.-VII. Inventions.-VIII. Discoveries....

Page 764-786

.......

CHAPTER X.

THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

THE REFORMATION.-1. The causes that led to the Reformation.-II. Progress and extent of

the Reformation.-III. Character of the Reformation.-IV. Effects of the Reformation...............

Page 786-302.

CHAPTER XI.

THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.-I. The contest that naturally followed the Reformation.-II.

Partial suppression of the Reformation in England, one cause of the English Revolution.-

III. The existence of free institutions in England, a second cause.-IV. Resistance to mon

archy, and its overthrow, in England.-V. Restoration of monarchy, and renewal of the

cor test.-VI. Concluding event of the Revolution....
...... Page 802-816,

CHAPTER XII.

THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.-I. The French Revolution-what is necessary to a correct under-
standing of it.-II. Growth and character of the French Monarchy and Nobility.-III. Origin
of the Third Estate, or Commons.-IV. Character and position of the Gallican Church.-V.
Peculiarities of early French Legislation.-VI. Relations between the ruling orders and the
people during the century preceding the Revolution.-VII. Causes of the development and
spread of Free Principles.-VII. Louis XVI.-The First Act in the Drama of the Revo
lution.-Progress of the Revolution IX. Change in its character.-X. Termination, and
Results.
Page 816-845

......

PART I.

ANCIENT HISTORY.

CHAPTER I.

THE EARLY AGES OF THE WORLD, PRIOR TO THE COMMENCE
MENT OF GRECIAN HISTORY.

ANALYSIS. 1. THE CREATION. The earth a chaotic mass. Creation of light. Separation
of land and water.-2. Vegetable life. The heavenly bodies. Animal life God's blessing
on his works. Creation of man. Dominion given to him. Institution of the sabbath.-4. An-
TEDILUVIAN HISTORY. The subjects treated of.-5. The earth immediately after the deluge.
The inheritance given to Noah and his children.-6. The building of Babel. [Euphrates. Geo-
graphical and historical account of the surrounding country.] Confusion of tongues, and dis-
persion of the human family.-7. Supposed directions taken by Noah and his sons.-8. Egypt-
IAN HISTORY. Mis' raim, the founder of the Egyptian nation. [Egypt.] The government
established by him Subverted by Ménes, 2400 B. C.-9. Accounts given by Herod' otus, José-
phus, and others [Memphis and Thebes. Description of.] Traditions relating to Ménes.
His great celebri.y. [The Nile.]-10. Egyptian history from Ménes to Abraham. The erection
of the Egyptian pyramids. [Description of them.] Evidences of Egyptian civilization during
the time of Abraham.-11. The Shepherd Kings in Lower Egypt. Their final expulsion, 1900
B. C. Joseph, governor of Egypt. [Goshen.] Commencement of Grecian history.—12. Asta-
TIC HISTORY. [Assyria. Nineveh.] Ashur and Nimrod. [Babylon.] The worship of Nim-
rod.-13. Conflicting accounts of Ninus. Assyria and Babylon during his reign, and that of his
successor.-14. Account of Semir' amis. Her conquests, &c. [Indus R.] The history of Assy
ria subsequent to the reign of Semir' amis.

"with-

1. THE CREA
TION.

1. THE history of the world which we inhabit commences with
the first act of creation, when, in the language of Moses,
the earliest sacred historian, "God created the heavens
and the earth." We are told that the earth was
out form, and void"- -a shapeless, chaotic mass, shrouded in a man.
tle of darkness. But "God said, let there be light; and there was
light." At the command of the same infinite power the waters rolled
together into their appointed places, forming seas and oceans; and
the dry land appeared.

2. Then the mysteries of vegetable life began to start into being;
beautiful shrubs and flowers adorned the fields, lofty trees waved in
the forests, and herbs and grasses covered the ground with verdure

The stars, those gems of evening, shone forth in the sky; and two greater lights were set in the firmament, to divide the day from the night, and to be "for signs, and for seasons, and for days and for years." Then the finny-tribes sported in "the waters of the seas," the birds of heaven filled the air with their melody, and the earth brought forth abundantly "cattle and creeping things," and "every living creature after its kind."

3. And when the Almighty architect looked upon the objects of creation, he saw that "all were good," and he blessed the works of his hands. Then he "created man in his own image;" in the likeness of God, "male and female created he them;" and he gave them "dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth." This was the last great act of creation, and thus God ended the work which he had made; and having rested from his labors, he sanctified a sabbath or day of rest, ever to be kept holy, in grateful remembrance of Him who made all things, and who bestows upon man all the blessings which he enjoys.

II. ANTEDI-
LUVIAN HIS-
TORY.

4. The only history of the human family from the creation of Adam to the time of the deluge," a period of more than two thousand years, is contained in the first six chapters of the book of Genesis, supposed to have been written by Moses more than fourteen hundred years after the flood. The fall of our first parents from a state of innocence and purity, the transgression of Cain and the death of Abel, together with a genealogy of the patriarchs, and an account of the exceeding wickedness of mankind, are the principal subjects treated of in the brief history of the antediluvian world.

5. When Noah and his family came forth from the ark, after the deluge had subsided, the earth was again a barren waste; for the waters had prevailed exceedingly, so that the hill-tops and the moun. tains were covered; and every fowl, and beast, and creeping thing, and every man that had been left exposed to the raging flood, had been destroyed from the earth. Noah only remained alive, and they that had been saved with him in the ark; and to him, and his three sons, whose names were Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the whole earth was now given for an inheritance.

6. About two hundred years after the flood, we find the sons of Noah and their descendants, or many of them, assembled on the