PRINCIPLES

OF

POLITICAL ECONOMY.

PART THE THIRD:

OF

THE CAUSES WHICH RETARD

INCREASE IN THE NUMBERS OF MANKIND.

PART THE FOURTH:

OF

THE CAUSES WHICH RETARD

IMPROVEMENT IN THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF MAN.

Lenry Charles

BY H. C. CAREY,

AUTHOR OF AN ESSAY ON THE RATE OF WAGES.

"All discord harmony not understood."-POPE.

"God hath made man upright, but they have sought out many inventions.”-

PHILADELPHIA:

LEA & BLANCHARD.

LONDON:

JOHN MILLER,

HENRIETTA STREET-COVENT GARDEN.

1840.

ECCLESIASTES.

PART THE THIRD:

CHAP. I. Of the Law of Population,

-

PAGE

3

II. Movement of the Population of France, the Nether-

lands, England, and the United States,

III. Of the Duration of Life-France, the Netherlands,

England, and the United States,

IV. Of the Ratio of Marriages to Population-France,

13

20

the Netherlands, England, and the United States, 34

V. Of Fecundity-France, the Netherlands, England,

and the United States,

VI. Of Emigration-France, the Netherlands, Eng-

land, and the United States,

-

VII. Of the Efficiency of Labour-France, the Nether-
lands, England, and the United States,

VIII. Summary,

40

43

45

47

IX. Review-Mr. Malthus, Mr. M'Culloch, Mr. Mill, 53

X. Review-Mr. Senior, Dr. Chalmers, and others, 71

PART THE FOURTH:

CHAP. I. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condi-

tion of Man, -

-

95

109

II. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condi-

tion of the People of Greece and-Rome,

III. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condi-

tion of the People of Italy, Spain, and France, 126

IV. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condi-

tion of the People of Denmark, Norway, Ger-

many, and Poland, -

160

V. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condition

of the People of Holland, England, and Scotland, 169

VI. Of the Influence of Wealth on the Political Condi-

tion of the United States and India,

VII. Of the Influence of Political Condition on the Pro-

1

ERRATA.

Page 14, line 6 from foot, for "in the same," read "in a similar."

19, head of first column of table, for "population," read "white population." 33, line 14, for “observed,” read “observes.”

43, line 9 from foot, for “migrating,” read “migratory."

45, line 4 from foot, for "below," read "between."

47, line 11 from foot, for "be in," read "bear the."

55, last line of Note, for "almost," read "above."
56, line 26, for "20," read "26."

84, line 3, for "rate," read "ratio."

95, line 6 from foot, for "constitutes," read "consists."

123, line 25, for "imposts and revenue," read "imposts for revenue,"

126, line 3, for "object," read "objects."

146, line 9, for "is," read "was."

176, line 16, for "1640," read "1642."

NOTE.-At page 49, in illustration of the worthlessness of a large portion of the statistical information from which it is attempted to deduce laws that are in direct opposition to the experience of every man who has no theory to support, it is said that—" Even in England it is a matter of question, whether the deaths are 1 in 47.2; 1 in 50; 1 in 54; 1 in 58; or 1 in 59." Since that was printed, the Report of the Registrar-General gives the number of deaths in England and Wales at 335,056, which is about 1 in 45 of the population. The births reported exceed the deaths about 64,000, or less than one-half of 1 per cent., at which rate it would require almost a century and a-half for the population to double, whereas the period required therefor is short of half a century.