89. Correspondence of Sir P. Sidney and Hubert Languet, by S. A. Pears, M.A. Lond. 1845. p. 92.

90. Cotton Mss.

Galba, B. xi. f. 388

91. Opuscula, p. 389.

92. Robert Arden (of Warwickshire) is not in Dr. Oliver's catalogue of English Jesuits. State P. Office. Dom. 1590, Dec. 27. "John Arden, Gent. of Chichester, son of Laurence A., aged 28 years. His brother Robert 23 years out of England, Canon of Toledo, in good credit with the Pope and Card. Allen."

93. S.P.O Dom. 1577, Nov. 6. Dr. Sanders to Dr. Allen from Madrid,

94. Opuscula, p. 389. The date is July 10.

95. Ib. p. 391. The date is July 17. The father referred to at p. 96, line 19, was John Vitzumbius. Bombinus, Ms. add. to p. 299.

CHAPTER V. (pp. 136-165).

96. Dr. Allen to Dr. Owen Lewis, Tierney's Dod, vol. ii. Appendix, ccclxv.

97. Theiner, Annals, iii. pp. 219, 700, 701.

98. Royal Archives, Brussels. Inventaire des Archives du Province des Jésuites, No. 1085.

99. S.P.O. Dom. 1580. Apr. 14.

100. See above, p. 124.

101. Alberi, Relazioni Venete, vol. x. p. 282.

102. Annales Ecclesiastici, vol. iii. p. 217. The end of the next paragraph, p. 145, is not quite just to the Pope. He only did to Elizabeth what she did to Philip. She professed to be at peace with him, and yet helped his rebels in the Low Countries. The hostility of Philip and Elizabeth was for years a halfhearted one. According to Bacon's explanation, Elizabeth only interfered in the Netherlands with two objects: that the people should have their rights, and the Spanish crown its rights. Similarly, Philip for a long time seemed desirous of securing the crown to Elizabeth, and only opposing her so far as she persecuted the Catholics. But the tension between them had almost advanced to a rupture in 1580.

103. Parsons, Ms. Life of Campion.

104. Letter, apud Theiner, Ann. iii. p, 217.

105. Brief Apology, 101.

106. Tierney's Dod, vol. iii. p. 47.

107. Theiner, Annals, vol. iii. p. 700. Allen was of the same mind with Goldwell, and would have been content to live in England on the most beggarly allowance. See Tierney's Dod, iii. p. 3, note.

108. S.P.O. Dom. Apr. 18, 1580.

109. Gabrielle, Cardinal Paleotto, a close friend of St. Carlo Borromeo, Bishop of Bologna 1566 (Archbishop 1582). See

notice of him in Cardella, Memorie di Cardinali, tom. v. p. 102; or his Life by Bruni in Martene and Durand, tom. vi. p. 1387. Cardella gives two traits of him that are worth noting: "Soon after he was cardinal, he exhibited his Christian liberty by opposing in consistory a tax that was proposed to be laid on the inhabitants of the papal states to assist the Catholic party in the French civil wars. In this he was against the Pope and against the whole body of cardinals, who advised his Holiness to confiscate his pension. But the Pope by the next morning had come round to Paleotto's opinion, and his pension was saved.” Again: "He had a chief share in the reconciliation of Henry IV. of France; for it was he who induced Clement VIII. to come to terms with that sovereign." He was the author of the De bono Senectutis described in Tanucci's Life of St. Philip Neri, Faber's translation, vol. ii. p. 82.

110. Campion, Opuscula, p. 400.

III. The original is among the Mss. of Stonyhurst College. 112. Beza (in the edition of his poems, Geneva, 1569) denies that the Candida of his odes was meant for Claudine the tailor's wife of the Rue de la Calandre at Paris, who accompanied him to Geneva when he fled thither from the Parliament of Paris, and whom he afterwards married.

CHAPTER VI. (pp. 166-191).

113. More, Hist. Prov. Ang. S.J. lib. iii. p. 63.

114. This is a principle of general law appealed to by Ockham (Dial. pars i. lib. vi. c. 94, fol. 104), when arguing for the rights of the laity to intervene in controversies of faith, because such questions, as Pope Nicolas I. rules, are common, and appertain to all Christians. "Ubinam legistis," he writes to the emperor (dis. 96, c. Unam), "imperatores antecessores vestros synodalibus conventibus interfuisse, nisi forsitan in quibusdam ubi de fide tractatum est, quæ universalis est, quæ omnium communis, quæ non solum ad clericos, verum etiam ad laicos, et ad omnes omnino pertinet Christianos."

115. Sanders, De Monarchia, quoted by Burghley, Execution of Justice in Eng. p. 18, reprint of 1675.

CHAPTER VII. (pp. 192-220).

116. Thaunus, lib. xlix. C. II.

117. Lib. v. ad ann. 1573.

118. Stapleton, Sermo contra Politicos.

119. Grindal to Hubert, May 23, 1559; Zurich Letters, 2d series, p. 19.

120. Peter Martyr to Thomas Sampson, July 15, 1559; Zurich Letters, 2d series, p. 25.

121. Martyr to Sampson, Feb. 1,
122. Grindal to Hubert, May 23,
123. Rymer, xv. pp. 518, 519.

1560; ib. p. 39.
1559; ib. p. 19.

124. Strype, Parker, p. 125; Heylin, Reformation, ii. p. 174. 125. Rymer, ib. pp. 546, 547.

126. S.P.O. Dom. Dec. 1559, no. 79.

127. Of this number were Stapleton and Godsalve, prebendaries of Chichester.

128. S.P.O. Dom. Eliz. vol. x. The calculations in the text are based on the detailed proceedings, in which all the names are given. At the end of the volume there is an abstract of the numbers of rectors, vicars, and curates who refused to attend the visitation when summoned. The numbers are 158 for York diocese, 85 for Chester, 36 for Durham, and 35 for Carlisle ; total, 314. There is no abstract of the numbers who attended and refused the oath. Probably the visitation was never completed, but broken off by the Queen's letters. The book, however, proves that in York province certainly 370 clergymen probably 600-either refused to swear, or would have refused if they had been pressed. This gives a total much higher than the 172 which Protestant historians give as the number of recusant clergymen for the whole of England, or the 250, the number stated by Allen and Bridgewater after Sanders.

129. S.P.O. Dom. June 30, 1559.

130. Lansdowne Ms. cix. p. 17.

131. S.P.O. Dom. Eliz. vol. cvi. no. 7.

132. Camden, Eliz. i. 32.

133. Strype, Parker, p. 125.

134. Percival Weburn, Report on the state of the Church of England; Zurich Letters, 2d series, p. 358.

135. Geo. Withers, ib. p. 163.

136. Parsons, Three Conversions of England, pt. ii. c. xii. p. 206, ed. 1688. fol.

137. Sanders, de Schismate, lib. iii. p. 342, ed. Colon. 1610. 138. A detailed examination of the lists of rectors and vicars of the several parishes of England, such as are usually found for each parish in good county histories, would be the best way of determining the "movement" of incumbents during the first years of Elizabeth. Unless my partial examinations were made in exceptional cases, the lists would show a change many times greater than the average for the years 1560-65. It was in consequence of the vacancies thus made that the Bishops had to fill the livings with "carpenters, blacksmiths, and uneducated men of every mechanic art."

139. Apology for the oath, in Cecil's writing, S.P.O. Dom. 1560, vol. xv. no. 27.

140. See Feckenham, Articles confessed by him at Wisbeach, 1580; Lansdowne Ms. no. 30, art. 77.

141. Lansdowne, no. 27, art. 20.

142. Lansdowne, no. 30, art. 77.
143. See Note 72.

144. Cottoni Posthuma, p. 149.
145. Ib. p. 133.

146. Nares, Burghley, ii. 240, 241; Strype, Ann. i. 405; and Parker, i. 212.

147. More, Hist. Prov. Ang. S.J. lib. iii. nos. 6 et sqq.

148. Letter of Lawrence Vaux, S.P.O. Dom. Nov. 2, 1566. See Collier, Eccl. Hist. vi. p. 458, ed. 1840. He and Bishop Kennet (Lansdowne Mss. no. 951, p. 118) say that the faculties were granted Aug. 14, 1567. The latter refers to Sutcliffe's answer to Parsons. Sutcliffe, in his Challenge to Parsons, p. 181, talks of faculties granted to Harding about 1567. They were in reality given in 1566, before the date of Lawrence Vaux's letter. 149. S.P.O. Dom. June 7, 1569.

150. Dom. Eliz. vol. cli. no. 39.

151. Responsio ad Edict. Regin. Aug. p. 21.

152. Castelnau, dépêche Sept. 8, 1578.

153. Ib. May 29, 1579.

154. See the Earl of Oxford's report of Charles Arundell's speech, S.P.O. Dom. Eliz. vol. cli. no. 39.

155. Castelnau, July 26, 1579.

156. Pinard, dépêche à Castelnau, Paris Bibl. Imp. Ancien Fonds, No. 8810, July 10, 1580.

157. Castelnau, Aug. 8, 1580.

158. Geo. Cranmer, letter to Hooker, Feb. 1598; Keble's Hooker, vol. ii. p. 606.

159. Maffei, p. 47.

160. Stowe, Chronic. ed. 1580. The passages are suppressed in the edition of 1592.

161. S.P.O. Dom. Dec. 12, 1580.

CHAPTER VIII. (pp. 221-250).

162. Mathias Tanner, Apostol. S.J. p. 180.
163. Instructions, &c. See note 98.

164. Faculties, &c. See note 99.

165. Watson. Quodlibets, pp. 89, 113; John Gee, Foot out of the Snare, p. 66. At p. 224 I have said that Parsons and Campion used Sir W. Catesby's house at Hogsdon; it was more probably Gardiner's, Parsons' first convert; "Hogsdonii celebris inquilinus," as More calls him (Hist. Prov. Ang. p. 73).

166. Of course this document, when published, became known as Campion's "Brag and Challenge." See Bibliographical Appendix, i. 3.

167. Hist. S.J. Inghilterra, p. 107.

168. They were both Hampshire men.

169. S.P.O. Dom. Eliz. vol. cxliv, no. 31; and vol. cxlii, no. 20.

170. See S.P.O. Ireland, Feb. 17, 1581.

171. Europæ Speculum, p. 94: "Of their offers of disputation." 172. Letter of Council to Cox, Bishop of Ely, March 1572. Kennet's Coll. vol. xlviii. Lansdowne Mss. no. 982, fol. 6. 173. Execution of Justice, p. 11 (ed. 1675).

174. Harleian Mss. no. 360, fol. 65.

175. Ib fol. 5. There is a certain cast about these instructions for the treatment of Catholic priests that makes them seem a parody on Gregory XIII.'s instructions for the treatment of Jews. Cf. Cherubini, Bullarium, vol. ii. pp. 452, 479, &c. These constitutions are really later than the English instructions: but they probably only legalised the usual treatment of Jews subjected to the process of conversion.

176. Sanders, de Schismate lib. iii.
177. The letter is dated July 1581.
178. Harleian Mss., no. 360, fol. 65.

179. This list is compiled from Parsons, and from an official list of prisoners. Harleian Mss., no. 360, art. i. Parsons names several persons who were committed at a later date, and were not even converted in July 1580.

180. Theiner, Annals, iii. p. 215. Dele "(N.S.)" from the date; the new style was introduced in 1582.

181. Theiner, Ann. iii. p. 217. "News from Ireland" early in Aug. 1580. The document goes on to describe the terror of the English Jezebel and her court of heretics, and the measures of precaution she was adopting.

182. Bridewell.

183. Theiner, vol. iii. p. 216. Robert Parsons from London, 17th September, 1580. This is a month or two too early. Bartoli quotes it as written Nov. 17.

184. (Note at end of letter, p. 250.) S.P.O. Dom. I do not know where this letter is placed; Mr. Lemon has not given it in his Calendar 1547-1580. It is either a contemporary translation of Campion's well-known epistle, or, if he wrote in duplicate, in English as well as Latin (Constitutiones, pars viii. cap. i. § 9), it may be his own English. It was probably written on the same day as Parsons' letter, during the fifth month of his residence in England, reckoning from June 25. This would quite agree with Nov. 17, 1580.

CHAPTER IX. (pp. 251-281).

185. And in France too, as Cobham wrote to Walsingham Nov. 27, 1580. S.P.O. France.

186. Hartley, educated at Rheims, ordained at Paris, sent to England 1580, apprehended at Lady Stonor's Aug. 13, 1581, imprisoned in the Tower till September 16, 1582, then in another prison til January 1585, when he was shipped off into banishment.