Wanderings among the wild flowers ... Third edition

Part EE.

PLANT CLASSIFICATION.

NECESSITY FOR AND USES OF CLASSIFICATION

Natural groups of plants-First modes of classifica-
tion-Tournefort's classification-Linnæan classi-
fication-Natural classification-Characteristics of
Linnæan method-Advantages of Natural System
-Detailed account of Linnæan classification-
Natural classification explained-Three great divi-
sions of vegetable kingdom.

Dicotyledonous plants-Characters-Divisions-A
species; what it is—A genus.

Practical exposition of plant distinctions. Ranun-
culus, or crowfoot tribe-Cruciferæ- Crucial
flowers, or mustard tribes, &c.-Leguminous, or
pod-bearing tribe-Rosaceous, or rose-blossomed
tribe-Umbel-bearers, or hemlock-like tribe-
Composites, or compound-headed tribe-Figwort
tribe-Labiates, lipped-flowered, or mint-like tribe.
Monocotyledonous plants-Orchis tribe-Sedge tribe
-Grass tribe.

PAGH

Part EEE.

MONTHLY ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH

WILD FLOWERS

Pleasant recollections of botanical excursions in early
life-Description of a Student's botanical excur-
sion-Arguments in favour of the study of the
natural sciences.

135

Inducements to study of botany-A Flora and its
uses-The daisy and the gorse.

Botanical distribution-Habitat-Reminiscences con-
nected with dried plants-Plant collecting and
preserving-The botanical box and the digger-
The snowdrop, and aconite-The spurge-laurel,
hazel, and dead nettle.

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

Selection of specimens-Preparation and carrying of

specimens Plant drying or preserving-The colts-

foot-Smoke used by the Tartars-Dandelion—

The butter-bur-Ground-ivy-Whitlow grass, &c.

-The mistletoe and mercury-The willows, &c.

Hints on plant gathering-Mounting dried plants—
Primroses and cowslips-Primrose pudding!—
Their symmetrical flowers-Violets-Anemones
and the ranunculus tribe-Golden beauty of
Celandine-Cardamines-The Moschatell, &c.-
Cuckoo-pint, and its nutritious root tuber-
Toothwort-Tree blossoms.

The month-Ranunculus species and their characters

-Cuckoo buds and Mary buds-The poppies-

Cruciform plants-Wide distribution of the water

cress-Umbelliferous plants-The saxifrages and

their connexions-The forget-me-not and its

legend-The geraniums or cranesbills-The rosa-

ceous tribe-The barberry and vegetable irritability

-Herb Paris-Bog-plants of May-Hill plants,

and others-The broom and the bees, &c.—The

Signs of summer-Umbelliferæ and their characters

-Leguminous, or pod-bearing, and papilionaceous

flowers-Trefoils and vetches-Supposed sacred

character of trefoils-The Lady's-mantle, and its

-name-Labiate plants-Trientalis, and globe-flower

-The orchis tribe-June wood plants-Mare's-

tail and bladder worts-Iris and water plants-

Water violet-Potentillas, pimpernel-Plantains

-Meadow-rue-Lychnis, &c.

Plants of sea-shore-Samphire, wild celery-Sea

Holly-Glaucous plants-Horned poppy, sea-

rocket, and scurvy grass-Grasswort and saltwort

-The sea-reed and sea-wheat grass-Grasses and

their characters-The sedges-The rushes-The

flowering rush-The bur-reed, arrow-head and

water-plantain-The raspberry and the bramble-

The Linnæa-The winter-green and rock-rose-

Wood-plants of July-Willow-herbs-Plants of

the corn fields-Stony-seeded gromwell and blue

The eyebright and its effects-The heaths and the
clans-The sheepsbit and the gentian-The cen-
taury and yellow-wort-Perfoliate, amplexicaul
and connate leaves-The Teazle-The grass of
Parnassus; its beauty-The white and yellow
water-lilies-The figworts and purple loose-strife
-The bitter-sweet, nightshade, henbane and thorn-
apple-Fool's-parsley, and water umbel-bearing
plants-Parsnip and carrot-Agrimony and salad-
burnet-August leguminous plants-The stone-
crops-The St. John's-worts, and their power
against witchcraft.

A sad month for the botanist-The Chamomile tribe
-Composite plants; their floral structure-The
milk-thistle The plume-thistles, &c.—The chicory,
field-madder, &c.-The self-heal and devil's-bit.-
The scabious-Wormwoods and cudweeds-
Autumnal sea-shore botany-Mallows and mulleins
-Mints and autumnal labiates-Toad-flax.

OCTOBER

Good King Henry, or mercury goosefoot-The nettle

and its sting and its wide distribution-Pellitory

of the wall, and other nettle connexions-The hop

-The dodders, parasites-The broom-rapes-The

autumn crocus and its history-Duckweed.

NOVEMBER

What fruit is botanically-The wake-robin berries-
True berries and false berries-The strawberry not
a berry.

An achene, and what it is-Carpels-Follicles-The
rose-hep-A drupe-The blackberry-Honeysuckle
berries and bryonies-A pome and a nut-Pods
and pouches.

DECEMBER

Arranging and disposing of dried plants-Mode of

affixing names-necessity of order in arrangement

-Pleasures of Botany in Winter-More winter

berries-Holly-Ivy-Mistletoe-The beauty of

our winter wild fruits-A samara-The Cone-

The grains or grass-seed or caryopsis-Modes by

which seeds are dispersed-The feathery wing-

The gorse and broom spring guns-The hooks of

the burdock and screw of the cranesbill-How

seed-cups open-The increasing interest of botani-

OUR CHAPTER OF WILD FLOWERS

WITHOUT FLOWERS.

Plants with flowers and true seeds-Plants without
flowers and without true seeds-The ferns and
their organs; their peculiar veining-The male
fern-How the young fern frond unfolds-" Fern
Seed," or spores-Coverings of fern spores-
Capsules and their jointed rings-The bracken-
The curled rock brake-The hart's tongue-The
spleenworts and the lady-fern-The royal fern-
The maiden's hair-Adder's tongue-Moon-wort
and its wonder working-Club mosses and horse-
tails-Conclusion of wild-flower notices.

ECONOMIC PROPERTIES OF BRITISH

WILD PLANTS

Reasons why native wild plants are neglected in Britain.
Native wild plants the origin of some garden vegetables.
-Celery and sea-kale; cabbage, beet and asparagus;
parsnip, carrot, and turnip.

Native plants used in an uncultivated state-Nettles, goose-
foot, and shepherd's-purse, and hop.

Wild originals of garden fruits-Cherry, pear, and crab-

apple; currant, gooseberry, and strawberry; rasp-

berry and brambles; bilberry and cranberry; hazel

nuts.

Plants yielding Condiments-Mustard, horse-radish, pars-
ley, water-cress; salad burnet and samphire.

Farinaceous Roots-Orchis tribe, cuckoo-pint, rampion and
bitter-vetch; pig-nut and silver-weed.

Seeds-Linseed, seed of iris, buckwheat.

Mucilage-Mallow tribe.

Oil-Linseed, and mustard.

Aromatic Products-Umbel-bearing and labiate plants;

angelica; gout weed, spiguel, and sea-holly; caraway,