SPECIAL PROVISIONS. 68. All the creations of Peers during the reign of Charles X. are declared null and void. Article 23 of the Charter will undergo a fresh examination during the session of 1831. 69. There will be provided successively by separate laws, and that with the shortest possible delay, for the following subjects: 1. The extension of the trial by jury to offences of the press, and political offences. 2. The responsibility of ministers and the secondary agents of Government. 3. The re-election of Deputies appointed to public functions with salaries. 4. The annual voting of the army estimates. 5. The organization of the (21) Article 74 of the old Charter : The king and his successors shall swear at the coronation, to observe faith fully the present constitutional charter. (22) Articles 75 and 76 of the old Charter are suppressed; they ran thus: 75. The Deputies of the Departments of France who sat in the legislative body, at the last adjournment, will continue to sit in the Chamber of Deputies, until replaced. 76. The first renewal of the fifth of the Chamber of Deputies will take place the latest in the year 1816, according to the order established. 7. Departmental and municipal institutions founded upon an elective system. 8. Public instruction and the liberty of instruction. -9. The abolition of the double vote; the settling of the electoral conditions, and that of eligibility. Art. 70. All laws and ordinances, inasmuch as they are contrary to the provisions adopted' by the reform of the Charter, are from this moment annulled and abrogated. We give it in command to our courts and tribunals, administrative bodies, and all others, that they observe and maintain the present constitutional Charter, cause to be observed, followed and maintained, and in order to render it more known to all, they cause it to be published in all municipalities of the kingdom and everywhere, where it will be necessary, and in order that this be firm and stable forever, we have caused our seal to be put to it. Done at the Palais-Royal, at Paris, the 14th day of the month of August, in the year 1830. (Signed) LOUIS-PHILIppe. The Minister Secretary of the State for the department of the Interior. Examined and sealed with the great seal. The keeper of the seals, Minister Secretary of the State for the department of Justice. (Signed) DUPONT (de l'Eure.) Speech of the Duke of Orleans to the Chambers. On Monday the 3d Aug. 1830, the Chamber of Peers and Deputies were opened, and the Lieutenant General addressed to them the following speech: Peers and Deputies, Paris, troubled in its repose by a deplorable violation of the Charter and of the laws, defended them with heroic courage! In the midst of this sanguinary struggle, all the guaranties of social order no longer subsisted. Persons, property, rights, everything that is most valuable and dear to men and to citizens, was exposed to the most serious dangers. In this absence of all public power, the wishes of my fellow citizens have been turned towards me:-they have judged me worthy to concur with them in the salvation of the country; they have invited me to exercise the functions of Lieutenant General of the Kingdom. This course appeared to me to be just, the dangers increase, the necessity imperative, my duty sacred. I hastened to the midst of this valiant people, followed by my family, and wearing those colors which, for the second time, have marked among us the triunph of liberty. I have come firmly resolved to devote myself to all that cir- In the accomplishment of this noble task, it is for the Chambers to guide me. All rights must be solemnly guaranteed, all the institutions necessary to their full and free exercise must receive the developments of which they have need. Attached by inclination and conviction to the principles of a free government, I accept beforehand all the conse-, quences of it. I think it my duty immediately to call your attention to the organization of the National Guards, to the application of the jury to the crimes of the press, the formation of the Departmental and Municipal Administrations, and, above all, to that 14th Article of the Charter which has been so hatefully interpreted. (Fresh applause.) It is with these sentiments, gentlemen, that I come to open this session. The past is painful to me. I deplore misfortunes which I could have wished to prevent; but in the midst of this magnanimous transport of the Capital, and of all the other French cities, at the sight of order reviving with marvellous promptness, after a resistance, free from all excesses, a just national pride moves my heart, and I look forward with confi dence to the future destiny of the country. Yes, gentlemen, France, which is so dear to us, will be happy and free; it will show to England, [Europe?] that solely engaged with its prosperity, it loves peace as well as liberty, and desires only the happiness and the repose of its neighbors. Respect for all rights-care for all interests, good faith in the Government, are the best means to disarm parties, and to bring back to people's minds that confidence to the Constitution that stability, which are the only certain pledges of the people, and of the strength of States. Peers and Deputies, As soon as the Chamber shall be constituted, I shall have laid before you the acts of abdication by his Majesty Charles X. By the same act Louis Antoine de France also renounces his rights. This act was placed in my hands yesterday, the 2d of August, at 11 o'clock at night. I have this morning ordered it to be deposited in the archives of the Chamber of Peers; and I cause it to be inserted in the official part of the Moniteur. Prorogation of the French Chambers. A few moments after the sitting was opened, his Majesty delivered the following speech: Peers and Deputies, Eight months have passed since in this ball, and in your presence, I accepted the throne to which I was called by the nation 6 al wish, of which you were the organs, and swore, faithfully to observe the constitutional Charter, with the modifications expressed in the declaration of 7th August, 1830, to govern only by the laws, and according to the laws, to cause good and exact justice to be done to every one according to his right, and to act in all things solely with a view to the interest, the happiness, and the glory of the French people.' I told you then, 'that profoundly sensible of the whole extent of the duties which this great act imposed on me I was conscious that I should fulfil them, and that it was with entire conviction that I accepted the compact of alliance which was proposed to me.' I take pleasure in repeating to you those solemn words which I pronounced on the 9th of August, because they are at once the invariable rule of my conduct and an expression of the principles according to which I desire to be judged by France and by posterity. Your session opened in the midst of great dangers. The dreadful conflict in which the nation had just defended its laws, its rights, and its liberties, against an unjust aggression, had broken the bonds of power, and it was necessary to secure the maintenance of order by the re-establishment of authority and of the public force. France was covered in an instant with National Guards spontaneously formed by the patriotic zeal of all the citizens, and organized by the authority of the Government. That of Paris appeared firm and more numerous than ever, and this admirable institution offered us at the same time the means of stifling anarchy in the interior, and of repelling all foreign aggressions, to which our national independence might have been exposed. At the same time with the National Guard, our brave army was recomposed, and France may now look upon it with pride. Never was the levy of our young soldiers effected with so much promptness and facility; and such is the patriotic ardor with which they are animated, that they are scarcely ranged under those banners-those glorious colors which retrace so many recollections dear to the country-when they can no longer be distinguished from our veterans, and at no time were the French troops finer, better disciplined, and, I say it with confidence, animated by a better spirit than they are now. The labors of great organization have not slackened the accomplishment of the promises of the Charter. Already the greater part have been realized by the laws which you have voted, and to which I have given my sanction. I have followed with solicitude the course of your important labors, the whole of which attests enlightened views, a zeal and a courage which recommend to history the period which they have occupied. France will not forget your devotion to the country in the moment of danger, and I shall always preserve the remembrance of the assistance which I have found in you, when the wants of the state made it my duty to claim it. fident, will only continue your work by completing it, and preserving in it the character of that great event of July, which may secure for the future, by legal means, all the ameliorations which the country has a right to expect, and which may separate forever the destinies of France from a dynasty excluded by the national will. After the shock which the social body had undergone, it was difficult not to experience some new crisis, and we have passed through some very painful ones during your session; but thanks to the constant efforts which you have made to second mine thanks to the energetic devotedness of the population, to its patriotism, and to the indefatigable zeal of the National Guard, and of the troops of the line, all have passed through them happily; and if we have had to regret some afflicting disorders, at least the assent of the country applauded the intentions of the Government. The internal peace of the kingdom has been gradually confirmed and the strength of the Government has progressively increased, in proportion as the reign of the laws resumed its empire, and as the public safety was consolidated. My Government will continue to pursue with a firm step this course, in which you have so worthily supported it. My Ministers have constantly acquainted you with the state of our diplomatic relations, and you have been informed of the circumstances which have determined me to make extraordinary The next session, I feel con- armaments. Like me, you have recognised the necessity of them, and you will also participate in my sincere desire to see them speedily cease. The assurances which I receive from all quarters, of the pacific disposition of foreign powers, give me the hope that their armies and ours may soon be reduced to the proportions of the state of peace; but still the negotiations which are on foot have not acquired the development necessary to render the reduction possible; the attitude of France must be strong, and we must persevere in the measures which we have taken to make her respected, for peace is safe only with honor. Our support, and the concurrence of the great powers of Europe, have secured the independence of Belgium, and its separation from Holland. If I have refused to yield to the wishes of the Belgic people, who offered me the Crown for my second son, it is because I believed that the refusal was dictated by the interests of France as well as by those of Belgium itself. But the people have peculiar rights to our interests, and it is of importance to us that it should be happy and free. Letter from General Lafayette to the National Guard of France. January 2d, 1831. A short time has passed, my dear brethren in arms, since I was invested with an immense command. To day I am no more than your old friend the veteran Guardsman. This double title will accompany me as my chief happiness to the grave. That which I have ceased to own, found me in the great week, springing from the boundless confidence of the people amidst those glorious barricades, under the reelevated tri-color, where, in three days were fixed the fate and institutions of the present race of Frenchmen and the destinies of Europe. The functions which I refused in 1790, I accepted in 1830 from the hands of the Prince whom we have since hailed as a King. They have been, I trust, exercised for the public good. Seventeen hundred thousand National Guards, already enrolled and organized at the voice of their happy chief, are my witnesses. They may still be useful, I declare it, at a time of which I am permitted to be a judge, and of which I would be a rigid censor. The majority of my colleagues of the Chamber of Deputies have formed an opinion that these functions ought to cease for the present, and the same opinion has been avowed by the organ of the Government. Besides this, jealousies quite unjustified by any recollection, I have a right to say it, arose from various sides; they manifested themselves strongly, and could not be satisfied by less than a total and unreserved abandonment of the power; and then, though the kind intervention of Royal solicitation was employed to retain my services, that instinct of liberty which has never deceived me through the vocation of my long life, warned me that I must sacrifice this power and these pressing affections to the austere |