the Construction of Bridges, for Mr. Weale; A Guide to the Proper Regulation of Buildings in Towns, 1848; and a thin folio setting forth his claim to be considered the originator of the scheme adopted to increase the accommodation of the British Museum-the circular structure in the quadrangle. J. M. DERICK, architect of the church at Leeds designed for the Hon, and Rev. E. B. Pusey.

DR. SOUTHWOOD SMITH, an early advocate of Sanitary Reform.

JOHN THOMAS QUEKETT, whose superior attainments as an anatomist, especially in minute dissections and microscopical investigations, obtained him a permanent appointment in the Hunterian Museum. He was there principally occupied in extending and arranging the series of microscopical preparations; and the work on which his great reputation as a Histologist is chiefly based is the Illustrated Catalogue of the specimens, showing the minute structure of tissues, in the College Museum in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Mr. Quekett was appointed Professor of Histology; and on the retirement of Professor Owen in 1856, became principal Conservator of that museum. Professor Quekett's published works on the Microscope and Microscopical Anatomy have a high and deserved reputation; his great experience and vast extent of information made his opinion of peculiar value, and in much request on obscure diseases and morbid alterations of structure; and the uniform readiness and urbanity with which he imparted his knowledge to all who visited for that purpose the Museum of the Surgeons' College, will make the memory of this most worthy and valuable officer gratefully cherished. Physiological science and the medical profession have sustained a great loss in this excellent and, whilst health and strength were spared him, indefatigable man. Professor Quekett was selected by the Council of the Royal Society from the candidates for Fellowship, and was elected in 1860.-Athenæum.

JOHN FRANCIS, sculptor, well known by his portrait busts.

ALEXANDER GILCHRIST, author of a Life of Etty, written in a very different spirit from that which has produced the recent artistic biographies of Hogarth and Turner. Mr. Gilchrist was known as an Art-critic of great experience. It was but the other day we announced the early publication by him of a Life of William Blake, the painter of mysteries, to be illustrated by numerous engravings and fac-similes from his extraordinary designs.-Athenæum.

HERR ZEVEINER, architect, engaged on the restoration of Cologne Cathedral. RICHARD GRAINGER, well known as the architect and builder to whom Newcastle-upon-Tyne is indebted for almost all its modern improvements and decorative character. The beginning of his life was in the most obscure circumstances. By his intelligence and activity he rose from a carpenter's apprentice to be able to achieve the results above referred to, and the realization of a large fortune for himself.

SIR JOHN FORBES, M.D., physician to Her Majesty's Household. In 1821, he introduced to the English practitioners the great discovery of auscultation by translating Laennec's treatise, and wrote an original work on the same subject in 1824. Sir John was an honorary member of the principal medical societies of Europe and America, one of the editors of the Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, and the author of several professional and other works. He was a man of truly benevolent nature.

PROFESSOR WILHELM HENSEL, painter to the Court, and brother-in-law to the late Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy.

THOMAS FINDEN, architect, who some time practised in eonjunction with Mr. T. Hayter Lewis; he was the brother of William and Edwin Finden, the well-known engravers.

JOHAN DAVID PASSAVANT, the well-known German Art-historian. JOSEPH MAUDSLAY, C.E., of the firm of Maudslay, Sons, and Field, Lambeth. Mr. Maudslay (says the Mechanics' Magazine) was among the first to perceive the advantages of direct-acting engines for marine purposes, and in 1827 patented an arrangement for applying the ordinary slide-valve, worked by an eccentric, to engines with oscillating cylinders. The prejudice, however, was so strong against the use of oscillating cylinders, that other forms of direct-acting engines were devised; and in 1839, in conjunction with his partner Mr. Field,

he patented the double cylinder arrangement of direct-acting engines, which was very extensively adopted by our own and foreign Governments for vessels of war, and also by the Mercantile Marine. The prejudice just mentioned has since been removed, and oscillating engines are now looked upon by many as the most successful arrangement of direct-acting engines for paddle-wheel propulsion; for very large powers the fixed double-cylinder engines are to be preferred. In 1811, Mr. Maudslay also patented the annular cylinder arrangement, which was successfully used in several of the fast packets between England and France, and in others running to the Channel Islands. Mr. Maudslay also first applied with success the steam-engine to drive the screw direct; now almost universally adopted, not only in the Admiralty service, but also in the Mercantile Marine.

At

LOUIS JOSEPH VICAT, the well-known engineer of the Ponts et Chaussées. Souillac, Vicat introduced the system of founding the piers of bridges on masses of concrete, sunk under water within close-piled enclosures, or "caisses sans fonds;" and to secure the success of the system it was necessary that he should use a lime which should be capable of setting under water. About 1817, Vicat communicated to the Académie des Sciences the results of his analytical and synthetical experiments upon the composition of limes of various qualities; and he then propounded the theory which subsequent inquiries have confirmed and developed, to the effect that the hardening of mortars depended on the combination which takes place in them between the lime and the silicate of alumina they contained. Vicat published in some separate brochures the results of his subsequent experiments; and in the Annales des Ponts et Chaussées he has also published some important Mémoires on the strains to which suspension bridges are exposed, on the resistance of iron-wire ropes, on the compression of solid bodies, and on the statistics of the lime-producing formations of France. He co-operated with M. St. Leger in the introduction of the manufacture of the artificial hydraulic limes; indeed he must be considered to have led the way to all the modern improvements in that important branch of the building arts. M. Vicat received honours from every government which in turn has ruled in France during his long and useful career; and in 1845 the legislature of his country unanimously voted him a pension of 6000 francs a-year, on the strength of a report presented by MM. Arago and Thénard.— Address of the President of the Institute of British Architects.

M. BERTHIER, the distinguished author of the Traité des Analyses par la Voie sèche. Berthier devoted, in fact, much attention to the examination of Vicat's discoveries, and has discussed the principles on which they are founded he also paid attention to the analytical inquiries into the nature of other building materials, and of the metals used in construction. HENRY AUSTIN, C.E.; he was a pupil of Mr. Robert Stephenson, and assisted with the drawings for the (then) London and Birmingham Railway, and the London and Blackwall Railway. He afterwards accompanied the late Lieutenant Waghorn through Italy, at the time the latter was arranging the Overland Route. "Mr. Austin was formerly Secretary to the General Board of Health, and of late years Superintendent and Inspector of the Department charged with the Administration of the Local Management Act. On the commencement of the Sanitary Movement, Mr. Austin seems to have suc ceeded in securing the attention of its leaders; and he was thus connected with the singular theories of sumpts, of small-pipe drains, and pot-pipe gathering-grounds, which for so many years were forced upon the unfortunate towns who submitted to the guidance of the General Board of Health."Address of the President of the Institute of British Architects.

M. WERTHEIM, to whom we are indebted for some important investigations in the laws of elasticity, and of the sonorous vibrations of air and gases. In 1846, M. Wertheim published a Mémoire, written in conjunction with M. Chevandier, upon the mechanical properties of wood," and in a Mémoire "upon the double refraction produced in isotropous bodies," M. Wertheim discussed the results obtained by Mr. Hodgkinson from his experiments upon the elastic conditions of wrought and cast-iron; suggesting, for the purpose of observing the gradual effects of compression of solid bodies, the elegant chromatic dynamometer. See the Mémoire in the Annales de Chimie. GENERAL SIR CHARLES PASLEY, author of various papers in the corps papers of the Royal Engineers; Observations on Limes, and Calcareous Cements; and

remembered by his interesting operations for the removal of the wreck the Royal George, and in blasting the Round Down Cliff, near Dover: he was also Inspector of Railways.

JAMES BRAIDWOOD, nearly thirty years Superintendent of the London Fire Brigade, and who lost his life in the discharge of his duties at the Great Fire in Southwark in 1861.-"None of the famous soldiers or seamen whose names adorn the long annals of our glory, deserved more highly the statues raised in our public places to commemorate their deeds, than does the plain, faithful, courageous Mr. Braidwood, a true Christian hero, killed in the discharge of his duty."-Mechanics' Magazine.

GENERAL SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS, military engineer, author of many scientific Treatises, especially on Fortification and Gunnery; and a staunch advocate of the superiority of wood over iron for shipbuilding. He continued to

devote himself to the service of artillery and shipbuilding almost to the day of his death, in his 85th year.

DR. BALY, F.R.S., Physician Extraordinary to the Queen.

SIR WILLIAM BURNETT, M.D., late Director-General of the Medical Department of the Navy.

THE REV. JAMES CUMMING, Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge.

JOHN CROSS, historical painter.

H. H. PICKERSGILL, artist.

R. C. NEVILLE, LORD BRAYBROOKE, archæologist.

J. J. TAYLOR, Civil Engineer.

THE REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, archæologist.

VINCENT NOVELLO, musician, and writer on musical science.

ISIDORE GEOFFROY SAINT HILAIRE, son of the celebrated Etienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire, who died in 1844. The distinguished man just deceased was elected, when only twenty-one years of age, a member of the Academy, of which his father was then the president. He was subsequently appointed Professor of Zoology at the Museum, Director of the Menagerie, Councillor and General Inspector of Public Instruction, and honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Medicine. At the period of his death he held the office of administrative Professor to the Museum of Natural History. To M. St. Hilaire was due the foundation of the Imperial Zoological Society of Acclimatization, of which the presidency was awarded to him in 1854-a post which he retained up to the time of his death.-Athenæum.

THE REV. JOHN STEVENS HENSLOW, Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge, Fellow of the Linnean and Geological Societies. He made botany the chief object of study and prelection, and in the elucidation of the subject he applied his chemical, physiological, and mathematical knowledge with the highest success. He diffused a taste for botanical science among the undergraduates, as well as among other members of the University, not merely by his lectures, but by his excursions into the country. His herborizations were well attended, and much practical information in field-work was conveyed. He contributed botanical papers to the Cambridge Philosophical Society, and wrote the volume on botany in Lardner's Cyclopædia. Henslow originated great improvements in the farming of Suffolk; he was one of the founders of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; and of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.-See the Memoir in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, No. 27, N.S.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS, ALBERT, PRINCE CONSORT, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge; Vice-President of the Royal Society; President of the Society of Arts, and of the Royal Horticultural Society; Honorary Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, &c. His Royal Highness was one of the originators of the Great Exhibition of 1851, and the International Exhibition of 1862; and he presided at the Meeting of the British Association at Aberdeen, in 1859. The Addresses of Condolence which have been presented to Her Majesty on the lamented death of this amiable Prince bear testimony to the zeal with which he entered into the pursuits of the cultivators of different branches of science, and how largely the Prince promoted and diffused scientific knowledge, both by precept and example.

DR. FYFE, Professor of Chemistry at Aberdeen.

GENERAL INDEX.