यज्-ययज्-इअयज् by 5 - इयज by 6 - इयाज. यज् - इज् by 4 and 6 - इद्दज् ईज् + अतुः - ईजतुः यज- इयजिथ or इयज+थ by 3 (d), p. 79 – इयष् +थ by IX., p. 52–इयष् + ठ - इयष्ट by note * p. 21, F. B. व्यधू - व्यव्यधू- विअव्यधू by 5 and 7-विव्यधू by 6 - विव्याध स्वप्-स्वस्वप्-सुस्वप्-*सुष्वप्+ अ-सुष्वाप व्यधू-विधू विविध् +अतुः - विविधतुः स्वप् सुप्सुषुप् +अतुः सुषुपतुः वच् – 3rd pers. Parasm. उवाच, ऊचतु:, ऊचु: - 2nd pers. sing. 'उवचिथ or उवक्थ. Atm. ऊचे, ऊचाते, &c.

हू

₹,

I. (a) The हू of the roots द्रुह्, मुह्, स्नुह्, and स्त्रिहूfag is optionally changed to , i. e., to or when it is घ् ढू followed by any consonant except a nasal or a semivowel or by nothing.

मुमोहिथ, मोहू +थ (by 6, p. 79 ) = मुमोद + थor मुमोघ +थ = मुमोढ or सुमोग्ध.

(b) The final of is changed to under the same ह circumstances; नेहिथ, and ननहू +थ = ननध्+थ = ननद्ध. II. When the ढू of वहू is dropped by III., p. 49, the preceding अ or आ is changed to ओ.

वह्-ववह्-उवहू+थ- उवद +थ by I, p. 49 – उवद +ध by II. p. 49 - उवद् + ढ by note*, p. 21, F. B. — उवढ by III. p. 49, but by this उवोढ instead of उवाढ.

8. (a) The modified base of Parasm. and Âtm., to ‘weave’, before the strong terminations of the Perfect is उवयू, and ऊयू or ऊव् before the weak; and that of व्ये Parasm. and Atm., to ‘cover' is विव्ययू before the former and विवी before the latter. उवयू admits इ before थ.

,

* Roots beginning with followed by a vowel or a dental, and the roots स्वक्, स्विद् स्वदूं, स्वअ, स्वप्, and स्मि change their स् to षू when preceded generally in the same word or grammatical form by any vowel except or आ or by a guttural. सेक्, सृप्, सृज्, सृ, स्तृ, and स्त्यै are exceptions.

Otherwise, 14, p. 82 would be applicable.

by 7-fas by 6-fas+ar-fac1y. So also à in the strong forms.

(b.) The base of Parasm. and Âtm., to 'call or challenge,' is throughout; and of fà, à.

I.e., they take Samprasârana before also the strong terminations of the Perfect. - by 6 above.

(c.) and far are also conjugated from the unmodified base. à-aɩ by 14, p. 82—aar-aat, aag:, ag:, by 13 (a.) & (b.) p. 81. 9., and admit of necessarily before . इ

2nd pers. sing. आरिथ. 3rd pers. आर-आरतुः - आरु:.

नू

10. मस्ज् and नश् insert a after their before strong terminations beginning with a consonant.

11. (a.) If the reduplicative syllable consists of only, the ǝ is lengthened.

(b.) Roots beginning with and ending with a double consonant, and those with an initial and the root to 'pervade,' insert after the reduplicative syllable. नू

ऋ

Sing.

Dual

Plur.

to the

12. (a.) The Perfect of roots beginning with any vowel (except or ) which is itself long, or being short is followed by a conjunct consonant, is formed by adding root and then appending the forms of the reduplicate Perfect of or is an exception. (b.) The Perfect of कृ, भू, अस्. ऋच्छ roots of the 10th conjugation, Causals, Desideratives, and other derived roots, or, generally, of roots of more than one syllable, is also formed in this way.

This is called the Periphrastic Perfect.

(c.) When a root is Âtmanepadi, it takes the Atmanepada forms of, and a Parasmaipadi root takes the Parasmaipada forms.

अय is retained in most of the non-conjugational tenses. (See note*, p. 85.)

18. (a) दय्, अय्, कास्, and आस् take the Periphrastic Perfect necessarily, and, उष्, विद्, and जागृ optionally.

(b) भी, ह्री, भृ, and हु also take it optionally, but the base of these is reduplicated as in the 3rd conjugation and then आम् and the helping verb appended.

14. आम् is a strong termination, wherefore the final vowel and the penultimate short except that of fa take their Guna before it.

बिभयांचकार, जिह्रयांचकार, बिभरांचकार, &c.

15. मॄ takes the Parasmaipada terminations in all nonconjugational tenses, except the Aorist and the Benedictive.

16. The passive of the Perfect is formed by making up the forms according to the rules given in these two lessons, and appending the Atmanepada terminations, whether the root is Parasmaipadi or Âtmanepadi in the active.

गतायां रात्रौ सुप्ता वयं किल बहु विलेपिम ।

युधिष्ठिरेण पृष्टो लोमशोऽगस्त्यस्य प्रभावं कथयामास । कृतयुगे कालेया इति विश्रुता दानवा वृत्रं समाश्रित्य महीं स्वर्गलोकं च भृशं पीडयांचक्रुः । नैतत्कर्तुमानर्हस्ते । तान्हन्तुं सेन्द्रा विबुधा न शेकुः ।

ते ब्रह्माणमुपसंगम्योचुर्भगवन्नखिलं त्रैलोक्यं दानवैरर्धते किमत्र करवामहै |

परमेष्ठ्युवाच भो देवा दधीचमृषिं गत्वा तस्यास्थीनि याचध्वम् । तेषां वज्रं कृत्वा वृत्रं हत ।

तथेति प्रतिज्ञाय ते सर्वे दधीचस्याश्रममुपययुः । तमृषिं देवाः प्रणेमुस्तस्यास्थीनि च ययाचिरे ।

ततः स महात्मा त्रैलोक्यस्य हितायात्मनः प्राणानुत्ससर्ज । तस्य परासोरस्थीनि देवा जगृहुस्त्वष्टारं च गत्वा तं* तेषामुग्रं वज्रं कारयामासुः ।

ततस्त्वष्टा शक्रमुवाचैतद्गृहीत्वा वृत्रं जहि ।

इन्द्रेण सहिता देवा रोदसी आवृत्य तिष्ठन्तं कालेयैरभिरक्षितं च वृत्रमासेदुः । तांश्च युद्धायाजुहुविरे ।

तैः सह देवानां तुमुलं युद्धं समापेदे । रजोभिः सर्वा दिशो व्यानशिरे । दानवेभ्यश्च देवा भृशं त्रेसुः ।

इतस्ततः प्रधावतां तेषां वेगं देवा दौर्बल्यान्न सेहिरे भीताश्च पलायामासुः ।

तादृशांस्तान्दृष्ट्वेन्द्रो विष्णुं शरणं वव्राज ।

ततो विष्णुरात्मनस्तेज इन्द्रे निदधे देवाश्च महर्षयश्चापि तथा विदधिरे ।

ततो रणधुरामेकोऽपीन्द्र उवाह |

स वृत्रस्य वधाय महद्वज्रं मुमोच । तेन हतो वृत्रो भूमौ सुष्वाप ।

कोट्या कोट्या पुरद्वारमेकैकं रुरुधे द्विषाम् ॥
तत्कर्म वालिपुत्रस्य दृष्ट्वा विश्वं विसिष्मिये ।
संत्रेसू राक्षसाः सर्वे बहु मेने च राघवः ॥
सुग्रीवो मुमुदे देवाः साध्वित्यूचुः सविस्मयाः ।
विभीषणोऽभितुष्टाव प्रशशंसुः प्लवंगमाः ॥
राघवो न दयांचक्रे दधुधैर्य न केचन ।
मम्रे पतङ्गवद्वीरैर्हाहेति च विचुक्रुशे ॥

* See 12, Lesson XXI.

'प्राणा दध्वंसिरे गात्रं तस्तम्भे च प्रिये हते । उच्छश्वास चिराद्दीना रुरोदासौ ररास च ॥ लोहबन्धैर्बबन्धे नु वज्रेण किं विनिर्ममे । मनो मे न विना रामाद्यत्पुस्फोट सहस्रधा ॥ उत्तेरिथ समुद्रं त्वं मदर्थेऽरीञ् जिहिंसिथ | ममर्थ चातिघोरां मां धिग्जीवितलघूकृताम् ॥ मालिन्यं मार्जयामास चन्द्रमास्तिमिरैः कृतम् । खलैर्दत्तं मृषा दोषमिव सत्पुरुषः सताम् ॥

+पेन्द्रेण ह वै महाभिषेकेण संवर्त आङ्गिरसो मरुत्तमाविक्षितमभिषिषेच । तस्मादु मरुत्त आविक्षितः समन्तं सर्वतः पृथिवीं जयन्परयायाश्वेन च मेध्येनेजे । तदप्येष श्लोकोऽभिगीतः । मरुतः परिवेष्टारो मरुत्तस्यावसन्गृहे । आविक्षितस्य कामप्रेर्विश्वेदेवाः सभासद इति ॥

When the leader of the Kâleyas was killed [F pass. ] they fought [ युध् ] desperately, but the gods subdued [ जि ]

them at last.

They then held [ मन्त्र or मन्त्रं कृ ] a consultation and resolved [ चि with निस् ] to destroy the universe.

They thought[] the death or destruction of all Rishis and Brâhmaṇas to be the best means to that end, for the universe depended [ श्रि with आ or लम्बू with अव ] on the religious austerities they went through [ तप् or चर् ] and the sacrifices they performed [ तनू, or हृ with आ. ]

* This stanza refers to the state of Sîtâ when she saw her husband, Râma, lying on the ground, as if dead, under the influence of Indrajit's missile. The next two stanzas are her words of lamentation on the occasion.

The indeclinable governs the accusative.

+ ऐन्द्रो महाभिषेकः was a particular form of coronation according to which Indra was crowned king by the gods. That same form, when used in the case of mortal kings, rendered them invulnerable, and enabled them to conquer the whole earth.

$ तद् is here equivalent to तस्मात्.