The Proto-Aeolic Capital and Israelite Ashlar Masonry

10th-9th centuries BCE 9th century BCE abacus Aeolic Aeolic capitals Alalakh Archaeology architectural ascribed ashlar masonry ashlar-built atop Beth-Shean building 338 Capital RR Carchemish casemate wall central triangle citadel complex Cypriot capitals Cyprus depicted double capital dressing Egyptian elements excavators façade face fieldstone finish flanking Fragment fugitive course gate Gezer Hazor Hazor III-IV Hebrew Ibid Idalion identical Iron Age Israelite Ivories Jerusalem Judah and Israel Karageorghis Kingdom of Israel Lamon masons Medeibiyeh Megiddo millennium BCE monumental Motya MRMC Museum namentation Nimrud ornamental orthostat orthostat construction palace Palestine palmette palmtree motif Paris pattern Perrot-Chipiez Phoenician piers pillars Proto-Aeolic capitals quarry Raḥel Ramat Rahel relief Salamis Samaria Shiloh sides stelae stone bases stone capitals stone masonry stratum IVA stratum IVB-VA structures surface Syria Tamassos techniques Tell Halaf temple tion tombs Ugarit upper volutes width wooden capitals Yadin