Every man shall be put to death for his own sin.— Deut. xxiv. 16.

Every one shall bear his own burthen.-Gal. vi. 5.

God will render to every man according to his deeds.— Rom. ii. 6.

Every one shall receive his own reward according to his own labour.-1 Cor. iii. 8.

O Lord! thou renderest to every man according to his work.-Ps. lxii. 12.

O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? . . . I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord God.-Ezek. xviii. 30.

Better ten guilty escape than one innocent man suffer. -Blackstone.

Justice would not punish even Satan wrongfully.— Fielding's proverbs.

Meglio è liberar dieci rei, che condannar un innocente. Actus me invito factus, non est meus actus.

Cavendum est, ne major pœna, quam culpa sit.— Cicero.

Crimen necessitatis non est criminosum.-Cicero.

CONCLUSION.

END OF PART L

PART II.

THEMES IN WHICH THE INTRODUCTION, HISTO RICAL ILLUSTRATIONS, AND CONCLUSION, ARE FOR THE MOST PART OMITTED.

CAUTIONS.

1. NEVER begin a theme thus:

The meaning of this theme is....
This theme means ・・・・

We understand by this proverb .. .
Our subject teaches us

&c. &c. &c.

2. No argument or illustration is admissible in the Introduction. Avoid, therefore, the words for, because, for example, for instance, &c.

3. Try to write in the third person, and not in the first or second. In other words, let the predicate of the theme be the leading nominative case, and not the pronouns I, you, we, our, and your.

4. Preserve the same person unchanged, from the Introduction to the close of the Argument. Be very careful not to write the Introduction in the first person plural (we), some of the Reasons in the third person, and others in the second (you), or vice versa.

5. Historical Illustrations must be facts, not fables.

They should always refer to human creatures, or superior intelligences, and not to inferior animals; much less to the vegetable or mineral world.

No mere novel, no Arabian night, no tale of the Genii, &c., can be admitted as an Historical Illustration, although any of them may serve excellently for Similes.

6. The Argumentative part of every theme should be the longest. Let the Introduction never exceed one-eighth, and rarely equal that proportion, of the entire thesis. Let the Historical Illustrations be terse, and short as possible.

7. The Conclusion may be written in either the first or second persons (we you &c.).

THEME XLVII. The Ideal affords more Pleasure than the Real.

INTRODUCTION.-Pleasures arising from the imagination and understanding are far greater than those which pertain to the senses.

1ST REASON. - There is no lassitude and weariness in ideal pleasures; but routs and balls, banquets and spectacles, soon tire and exhaust the physical powers, depress the spirit, and render both incapable of sustaining the same enjoyment.

2ND REASON. There is no satiety to mental and imaginary joys; but the most luscious sweets, and luxurious sensual pleasures, soon pall, and immediately the feeling of satiety arises, any further continuance of the same thing produces positive pain and nauseous disgust.

3RD REASON. To ideal pleasures there is no disappointment: The pleasures of imagination, the enthusiasm of poetic rapture, the ecstasy of mind created by some masterly idea, some inspired sentiment, or the description of some heroic deed, depend not upon others, or upon any combination of external objects, but solely upon the frame of mind which creates or apprehends them: such pleasures, therefore, unlike those which address themselves to the senses, are not marred by a frosty look, or unkind word, or a cloudy sky, or careless servant, or "trifle light as air," over which there is no control.

4TH REASON. Ideal pleasures are always greater, more magnificent, and more enduring, than realities: No actual enjoyment ever equals the picture of anticipation, or continues so long, so fresh, and so "enascible.

--

5TH REASON. In the purest, happiest, and best of all 'carnal pleasures, the reminiscence of it generally supplies more lively and enduring delight, than its actual enjoyment.

6TH REASON. The capacity of enjoying mental and ideal pleasures is increased by indulgence: But by sensual

pleasures the physical powers are debilitated, and become daily less capable of enjoying a repetition; till, at length, feebleness, mental imbecility, or disease, renders them a weariness to the flesh, and a torment to the mind.

7TH REASON. Ideal pleasures are always real, but the laugh and noisy mirth of the gay world are often hollow and meretricious.

SIMILES. As fairy-land is more fascinating than the homely realities of common life, so the ideal affords more pleasure than the real.

Novels are, for the most part, more absorbing than the unvarnished narratives of simple history.

"Castles in the air" are always more magnificent than the homes in which we dwell.

Flowers are more beautiful and odorous, than the grasses and vegetables which supply us with food.

No kingdom, among men, was ever so abundant in gold as the fabulous island of El-Dorado; none was ever so perfect as the Utopia of Sir Thomas More.

As thought can travel faster than any locomotive, so, also, it can prepare "a feast of reason and a flow of soul," infinitely more to be preferred than all the dainties of the visible world.

As mind is superior to body, and its powers more capacious; so, also, its enjoyments exceed in interest the enjoyments of the body.

HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS.

QUOTATIONS.-All true happiness is in the mind.

Wouldst thou exchange

The sacred volumes of the dead, the songs

Of Grecian bards . . . for the lot

Of him, who sits amid the gaudy herd

Of mute barbarians bending to his nod,

And says within himself, "I am a king.”—Akenside.

Ask the faithful youth,

Why the cold urn of her whom long he lov
So often fills his arms; so often draws
His lonely footsteps, at the silent hour,
To pay the mournful tribute of his tears?
Oh! he will tell thee, that the wealth of worlds
Should ne'er seduce his bosom to forego

That sacred hour which turns his tears to rapture.

Not the bribes

Of sordid wealth, nor all the gaudy spoils

Of pageant honour, can seduce to leave

Akenside.

Those ever-blooming sweets, which from the store Of Nature fair Imagination culls

To charin the enlivened soul.-Akenside.

Oh! ten-times faster Venus' pigeons fly

To seal Love's bonds new-made, than they are wont, To keep obliged faith unforfeited!

Who riseth from a feast

With that keen appetite that he sits down?
Where is the horse that doth untread again
His tedious measures with the unbated fire
That he did pace them first?
Are with more spirit chased than enjoyed.
How like a younker or a prodigal,

All things that are

The scarfed bark puts from her native bay,
Hugged and embraced by the strumpet Wind!
How like the prodigal doth she return
With over-weathered ribs and raggèd sails,
Lean, rent, and beggared by the strumpet Wind !
Shakspeare.

Blessed be the day I 'scaped the wrangling crew,
From Pyrroh's maze, and Epicurus' sty;
And held high converse with the godlike few,

Who to th' enraptured heart, and ear, and eye, Teach beauty, virtue, truth, and love, and melody. Hence ye, who snare and stupify the mind, Sophists, of beauty, virtue, joy, the bane! Greedy and fell, though impotent and blind,