But to go one step forward, and to bring him into the compass of the first statute of the last parliament, upon which they intended to indict him, Mr. Recorder asked whether he spoke the foresaid thing to persuade other men that heard him to be of his mind? Mr. Hance replied, I know not what you mean by persuading; but I would have all men to believe the catholic faith, as I do.

This being done and said on each side, order was given to one present, that was learned in the law, to draw up an indictment of treason against Mr. Hanse, upon the new statue made in the last parliament, which was out of hand doné. The effect whereof was, that the said Hanse being one of the pope's scholars, and made priest beyond the seas, was returned to seduce the queen's majesty's subjects from their obedience, and that he had affirmed the pope to be his superior here in England, and had as much authority in spiritual government, within this realm, as ever he had before; saying further, that he hoped Pius Quintus erred not in declaring her to be an heretic, excommunicating and deposing her majesty, and acknowledging that he uttered so much to have others think therein as he did, &c., which indictment being openly read, and Mr. Hanse thereon arraigned, he was ordered to hold up his hand; he held up his left hand, whereupon the recorder blamed him, attributing it to some pride or superstition, that, being a priest, he would not vouchsafe, or might not hold up his anointed right hand; but the truth was, he did it because his right hand was occupied in easing himself, by holding up the great bolts wherewith the blessed man was exceedingly laden, for being admonished, he forthwith stretched forth his right hand.

And being asked whether he was guilty of the things contained in the indictment, after a few words, wherein he said he was not altogether guilty in those things as they were set down, he yet acknowledged the substance and the sense thereof, with great courage and constancy. Whereupon the sentence of death was pronounced against him in the form well known to all men. This done, he was returned to the prison from whence he came, where minister Crowley, and others, came to attempt to overcome his constancy; but after much talk, and many persuasions to relent in some points of religion, and to acknowledge his fault towards her majesty; when they saw they could not prevail against the blessed confessor, they forged, to his disgrace, and to make him odious, that he should affirm to them in talk, that treason to the

queen was no sin before God. Which slander they were not ashamed

to put out in print.

He was condemned upon the 28th of July, 1581; and upon the last day of the same montli he was drawn to Tyburn; where being put into the cart, he, with a cheerful countenance, preferred himself to be a catholic priest, and most glad to die for testimony thereof. And being willed to ask the queen's mercy, and demanded whether he took her for his sovereign, he answered, that he did take her for his queen, and that he never offended her majesty otherwise than in matters of his conscience, which their new made statutes had drawn to matters of treason. And whereas, said he, I understand it has been given out, that I should say, treason was no offence to God, I protest I neither meant nor said any more, but that these new made treasons, which are nothing

else, indeed, but the confession of the catholic points of religion, were no offences to God.

Then the ministers called upon him to pray with them, and to desire the people to assist him: He answered, that he might not pray with heretics; but desired humbly all catholics to pray for him and with him, And so whilst he was praying devoutly to himself, the cart was drawn away; and before he was half dead, the rope was cut, and he bowelled alive, and afterwards quartered; a spectacle of great edification to the good, and a wonder to every one that looked upon it.'

"The Douay_manuscript, and Raissius in his printed catalogue of martyrs of the English college, add, * that when the executioner had his hand upon his heart, Mr. Hanse distinctly pronounced these words, O! happy day! And that it was the current fame, that his heart being cast into the fire, leaped of itself out of the flames; and being flung in again, and covered with a faggot, it sprung up again with so much force, as visibly to raise the faggot out of its place, and hold it as it were, for a short time, quivering in the smoke."

Mr. Hanse, the day before his death, wrote the following letter to his brother, who was a priest of the same college.

BROTHER,

'I pray you be careful for my parents, see them instructed in the way of truth, so that you be careful for your own state also; what you shall take in hand that way, think no other, but God will send good success; my prayers shall not be wanting to aid you by God's grace. Give thanks to God for all that he hath sent; cast not yourself into dangers wilfully, but pray to God, when occasion is offered, you may take it with patience.

The comforts at the present instant are unspeakable; the dignity too high for a sinner; but God is merciful. Bestow my things, you find ungiven away, upon my poor kinsfolks. A pair of pantoffles I leave with M. N. for my mother. Twenty shillings I would have you bestow on them from me, if you can make so much conveniently; some I have left with M. N. I owe ten shillings and two shillings, I pray you see it paid. M. N. will let you understand how, and to whom. If you want money to discharge, it send to my friends, you know where, in my name. Summa Conciliorum, I pray you restore to M. B. the other books, you know to whom.

Have me commended to my friends: let them think I will not forget them. The day and hour of my birth is at hand, and my master saith, Tolle Crucem tuam & sequere me. Vale in Domino.

Pride obitus.

Yours,

EVERARD HANSE.

* Cumque Carnifex cor ejus adhuc palpitans manibus attrectaret, in hanc supremam prorupit vocem, O diem felicem! Imo quod magis mirere, cor ejus in ignem missum magno impetu exiliisse habet fama consentiens, cumque rursus fasce coopertum ligneo in ignem conjectum esset, secundo tanta vi delatum contra fascem ascendisse, ut illum tum loco moveret, tum in fumo ipso herere tremulum faceret. Raissius in Catalogo, p. 14, 15, ex Diario Collegii Anglorum.

It was expected, that Mr. Thomas Clifton, another priest of Douay college, a native of Kent, should have been the next to follow Mr. Hanse, of whom a certain missioner, in a letter recorded by Mr. Rushton, 1, 3. de Schismate, p. 320, writes as follows, Mr. Hanse suffered his conflict with an invincible patience. It seems, that Mr. Clifton, priest, is to be the next to succeed him; who has already, for some months, suffered so much from the heretics, by cold, hunger, and the load of his chains, in a dungeon amongst felons, that his being yet alive seems a miracle. This man when, of late, he was led through the streets, loaded with heavy irons, to the bar, in the company of theives, his companions sighing, and almost all the people being moved to commiseration; he alone was cheerful, and dragged his chains along with a smiling countenance. And when one asked him, why he, more than the rest, should laugh, his case being so deplorable as it was? He answered, because I look for greater gain than they from my sufferings; and it is just they should laugh that win.'

He was condemned to perpetual imprisonment; and immediately, upon hearing his sentence, fell upon his knees, and with hands and eyes lifted up to heaven said, allelujah, allelujah. He was sent back to Newgate, and there fed with the bread of sorrow, having his hands, feet, and neck chained in such sort, that he could neither sit down, nor stir out of his place all the day; and every night being put down into a horrid and darksome dungeon. Douay diary, ad annum, 1581.

Of Mr. Hanse, thus writes Mr. Stow, in his annals or chronicle, anno 1581. Everard Hanse, a seminary priest, was in the Sessions-Hall, in the Old Bailey, arraigned, where he affirmed, that himself was subject to the pope in ecclesiastical causes, and that the pope hath now the same authority here in England, that he had an hundred years past, with other traitorous speeches; for the which he was condemned and executed.' So Mr. Stow, who adds, that, at the same sessions, were brought from the Fleet, Gatehouse, Newgate, and the Counters, sundry prisoners, indicted for refusing to come to the church; all which, being convicted by their own confession, had judgment accordingly, to pay twenty pounds for every month of such their wilful absence from the church.'

But this was not the only, nor the greatest severity that the English catholics endured in this persecution, which raged without any intermission for the twenty-five last years of queen Elizabeth's reign. About this very time that Mr. Hanse suffered, or a little before, we find many instances of an extraordinary nature of the sufferings of catholics, recorded by Dr. Bridgewater in his collections, published under the title of Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholicæ: Some of which we will here set down.

1. William Tyrwhite, son to Sir Robert Tyrwhite, accused for having heard mass, at his sister's wedding, was carried prisoner to the Tower, notwithstanding he was actually sick of a high fever; and the physicians declared, that he was a dead man if they removed him to prison in that condition: His friends offered any bail for his appearance, as soon as he should recover; but all in vain; he was hurried away,

sick as he was, and died within two days. His brother, Robert Tyrwhite, was also, for the same cause, cast into prison, and there died.

II. Mr. John Cooper, a hopeful young man, of a good family, brought up under Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield, designing to leave England for the sake of his religion and to follow his studies abroad, and having, for that purpose, gathered together what money he could, was stopped at the seaside upon a discovery of his design, and sent back to London, where he was plundered of all he had, and committed close prisoner to Becheam Tower: here, partly through hunger and cold, and partly through the nastiness and stench of the place, he contracted a disease, by which he appeared something disturbed in the head and delirious. This being told to the lieutenant of the tower, he ordered his bed to be taken away, which some friends had sent him in, that he might lie for the future upon the bare floor; which addition to his former sufferings brought him quickly to his end: and for a token that he perished through their barbarous usage, when they pulled off his slippers, in order to bury him, his flesh stuck to them, and came off by pieces from the bones.

III. Mr. Dimock, champion of England, and son-in-law to the Earl of Lincoln, having been a paralytic for some years, so that he could neither go out of doors, nor move himself one step, without help, was accused to the bishop of the diocese, of being a Roman catholic: upon this, he is cited to make his appearance before his lordship, and excuses himself by reason of his palsy. The bishop, therefore, comes to his house, sees his condition, but is nothing moved with it, orders him to be carried to prison, where, in a short time, he dies. But neither would they let him die quietly, but sent in their ministers to perplex him, and force their prayers upon him, though, to the last gasp, he refused their assistance, and died in the faith of his renowned ancestors.

IV. Mr. Christopher Watson, and about twenty other catholics, of both sexes, imprisoned in like manner for their religion, perished also about this time in York Castle.

V. Mark Typer, a young gentleman, who had been some time student in Douay college, was condemned by Mr. Fleetwood, the recorder of London, to be whipped through the city, and to have his ears bored through with a red hot iron: which sentence was accordingly executed upon him for his religion. We pass over many other instances of extraordinary severity against the catholics, which were but the preludes of more cruel treatment, which we shall meet with by and by.

EDMUND CAMPION, PRIEST.-S. J.*

EDMUND CAMPION was born in London, where he had his first education in Christ Church Hospital. From whence he was sent to Ox

His life has been published by Bombinus, and several others. What we here give, is an extract out of the old English author, from whom we had our account of Mr. Hanse, &c., whom we prefer to all the rest, as being more ancient, and personally acquainted with Mr. Campion, and an eye-witness to his death. His account was published in 1582.

ford, where he was brought up in St. John's college, being very much beloved for his excellent qualifications, by Sir Thomas White, of worthy memory, the founder of that house, at whose burial he made an excellent oration in Latin, having made the like before in English, at the funeral of my lady Dudley, late wife of the Earl of Leicester; where, after he had passed with great applause through all such exercises, degrees, and offices as the university yieldeth to men of his condition, by the importunate persuasions of some of his friends, that were desirous of his worldly honour and advancement, he suffered himself to be made deacon after their new fashion.

'But for all that, our Lord mercifully withheld him from that ambitious course, which is the gulf in which many great wits have perished in these days. Therefore, having spent some more time in study, and travelled into Ireland (the history of which country he wrote truly and eloquently) hearing that there was a seminary not long before begun in Douay, he went over thither, "where, under the conduct of Dr. Allen, first president of the college, he applied himself with great diligence, as well to the study of divinity, as to the acquiring the knowledge of God and himself, the true science of the saints: And" after many exercises, done both in the house and in the public schools, he proceeded bachelor of divinity, to his great commendation, and the honour of our nation.

Nevertheless, all this while (especially being now more advanced in devotion, zeal, learning, and judgment than before) the continual thought of that schismatical deaconship which he had taken, did so sorely oppress his mind, and the conceit of the greatness of that sin so burthened his conscience, that no counsel of learned friends could give him satisfaction, till he entered into religion to wipe away the same by penance and holy profession. So, making his choice of the society of Jesus, "which has ever since regarded him as one of her brighest lights, he went to Rome, where he was admitted by the general of the order, anno, 1573," and after one month's stay in that city, was sent to Bohemia, where he abode "about seven years" and was made priest at Prague, continually during this time" teaching, preaching, catechising, writing, and labouring for the church of God; whereby he became so famous, that not only other principal states, but the imperial majesty was contented often to hear him preach; till, at length, at the suit of such as knew his great talent in dealing with heretics for their conversion, his general called him thence to be bestowed upon his own country.

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In his return towards England, he called at Rhemes, where the college was now translated, having father Robert Parsons in his company; where, beside other communication, appertaining to the reduction of our country to the catholic faith, he demanded of Dr. Allen, whether he thought that any service he could do in England (the times being as they were) were likely to be worth all these long labours and hazards past and to come, or might countervail the wants that those should seem to have by his absence from whence he came. To which Dr. Allen answered,-Father, said he, first, whatever you did there, may be done by others, one or more of your order. Secondly, you owe