CHAP.

V.

if he neither partake of their food, nor dwell in 'the same house.

103. If he voluntarily follow a corpse, whether of ' a paternal kinsman or of another, and afterwards 'bathe with his apparel, he is made pure by touching fire and tasting clarified butter.

104. Let no kinsman, whilst any of his own class are at hand, cause a deceased Bráhmen to be carried out by a Súdra; since the funeral rite, polluted by 'the touch of a servile man, obstructs his passage 6 to heaven.

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105. Sacred learning, austere devotion, fire, holy aliment, earth, the mind, water, smearing with cow'dung, air, prescribed acts of religion, the sun, and time, are purifiers of imbodied spirits;

106. But of all pure things, purity in acquiring wealth, is pronounced the most excellent: since he, who gains wealth with clean hands, is truly pure; not he, who is purified merely with earth and water.

107. By forgiveness of injuries, the learned are 'purified; by liberality, those who have neglected their duty; by pious meditation, those who have secret faults; by devout austerity, those who best know 'the Véda.

108. By water and earth is purified what ought to be made pure; a river, by its current; a woman, 'whose thoughts have been impure, by her monthly

discharge,

discharge, and the chief of twice-born men, by fixing CHAP. his mind wholly on GOD.

109. 'Bodies are cleansed by water; the mind is purified by truth; the vital spirit, by theology and 'devotion; the understanding, by clear knowledge.

110. Thus have you heard me declare the precise 'rules for purifying animal bodies: hear now the modes ' of restoring purity to various inanimate things.

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111. Of brilliant metals, of gems, and of every

thing made with stone, the purification, ordained by the wise, is with ashes, water, and earth.

112. A golden vessel, not smeared, is cleansed with

water only; and every thing produced in water, as coral, shells, or pearls, and every stony substance, ' and a silver vessel not enchased.

113. From a junction of water and fire arose gold and silver; and they two, therefore, are best purified by the elements, whence they sprang.

114. Vessels of copper, iron, brass, pewter, tin and lead, may be fitly cleansed with ashes, with acids, or with water.

115. 6

The purification ordained for all sorts of liquids, is by stirring them with cusa-grass; for cloths folded, by sprinkling them with hallowed water; for wooden utensils, by planing them.

116. For the sacrificial pots to hold clarified butter and juice of the moon-plant, by rubbing them ' with

Y

V.

CHAP.

V.

with the hand, and washing them, at the time of 'the sacrifice :

117.

Implements to wash the rice, to contain the ' oblations, to cast them into the fire, to collect, winnow, and prepare the grain, must be purified with water made hot.

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118. The purification by sprinkling is ordained for grain and cloths in large quantities; but to purify them in small parcels, which a man may easily carry, they must be washed.

119. Leathern utensils, and such as are made with cane, must generally be purified in the same manner with cloths; green vegetables, roots, and fruit, in the same manner with grain;

120. Silk and woollen stuff, with saline earths; 'blankets from Népála, with pounded arishtas, or nimba 'fruit; vests and long drawers, with the fruit of the Vilva; mantles of cshumá, with white mustard-seeds.

121. Utensils made of shells or of horn, of bones or of ivory, must be cleansed by him, who knows 'the law, as mantles of cshumá are purified, with • the addition of cows' urine or of water.

122.

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Grass, firewood, and straw, are purified by sprinkling them with water; a house, by rubbing, brushing, and smearing with cow-dung; an earthen 'pot, by a second burning:

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123. But an earthen pot, which has been touched • with

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V.

with any spirituous liquor, with urine, with ordure, CHAP. ' with spittle, with pus, or with blood, cannot, even 'by another burning, be rendered pure.

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124. Land is cleansed by five modes; by sweeping,

I by smearing with cow-dung, by sprinkling with cows' urine, by scraping, or by letting a cow pass a day and a night on it.

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125. A thing nibbled by a bird, smelt at by a cow, shaken with a foot, sneezed on, or defiled by 'lice, is purified by earth scattered over it.

126. As long as the scent or moisture, caused by any impurity, remain on the thing soiled, so long must earth and water be repeatedly used in all purifications of things inanimate.

127. The gods declared three pure things peculiar to Bráhmens; what has been defiled without their knowledge; what, in cases of doubt, they sprinkle with water; and what they commend with their speech.

128. Waters are pure, as far as a cow goes to quench her thirst in them, if they flow over clean earth, and are sullied by no impurity, but have a good scent, colour, and taste.

129. The hand of an artist employed in his art is always pure; so is so is every vendible commodity, ' when exposed to sale; and that food is always clean, 'which a student in theology has begged and received: such is the sacred rule. Y 2

130. The

CHAP.
V.

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130. The mouth of a woman is constantly pure;

bird is pure on the fall of fruit, which he has pecked; a sucking animal, on the flowing of the milk; a dog, on his catching the deer:

131. The flesh of a wild beast slain by dogs,

MENU pronounces pure; and that of an animal slain by other carnivorous creatures, or by men of the mixed class, who subsist by hunting.

132. All the cavities above the navel are pure, ' and all below it, unclean; so are all excretions, that fall from the body.

133. Gnats, clear drops from the mouth of a speaker, a shadow, a cow, a horse, sun-beams, dust, earth, air, and fire, must all be considered as clean, even when they touch an unclean thing.

134. For the cleansing of vessels, which have held ordure or urine, earth and water must be used, as long as they are needful; and the same for cleansing the twelve corporeal impurities.

135. Oily exudations, seminal fluids, blood, dandruff, urine, feces, ear-wax, nail-parings, phlegm, tears, concretions on the eyes, and sweat, are the twelve impurities of the human frame.

136. By the man, who desires purity, one piece ' of earth together with water must be used for the conduit of urine, three for that of the feces; so, ten

for one hand, that is, the left; then seven for both: